The document provides guidance on Russian business etiquette and culture, including making appointments, business attire, conversational topics, addressing others, and gift giving. Appointments should be scheduled well in advance and confirmed multiple times. Business attire for men is typically suits and ties. Welcome conversational topics include current events, history, sports, and food, while topics like religion, ethnic minorities, and complaining about Russia are best avoided. Proper forms of address use honorific titles and surnames until close familiarity. Gifts are an important part of Russian culture.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of Russian business culture. It discusses values like collectivism and egalitarianism. It outlines common practices such as the importance of punctuality, using faxes/emails for communication, and having meetings and paperwork involve signatures. Business dress is also formal, involving suits. Building personal relationships is emphasized, and status and hierarchy must be respected.
Proper Russian business etiquette is essential to gain new partners and clients in Russia’s business community. When foreigners travel to Russia to gain new partners and clients in this exotic eastern European country, it is vital to demonstrate the appropriate Russian business etiquette. A key component is being confident in your actions when participating in modern Russian business transactions. Impress your Russian colleagues by becoming aware of what they value and enhance your network to the Russian market through your culturally applicable gestures.
It is my study about Russian Business Culture.common working practices in Russia,Making Appointment,Business Dress Code
Conversation, Structure and hierarchy in Russian business culture
Working relation Ship in Russia, Business Practices in Russia, gender Aspects, Meals and Business Etiquettes
Finally we’ll discuss what are Do’s and Don’ts in Russian business.
This is all about Russian Business Culture: its basic do's and dont's, etiquette and attire when one wishes to engage in the Russian business world.
Content Credits goes to their respective owners.
I own nothing except the PowerPoint presentation.
This is actually a school work which I just like to share with others.
For reference uses only.
Russian culture can be summarized as follows:
1. Orthodox Christianity is the dominant religion in Russia, practiced by 41% of the population, while Islam, unaffiliated Christians, and other religions make up smaller percentages.
2. Ethnically, Russians make up over 80% of the population, while Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, and Chuvashs are the largest ethnic minorities.
3. Russian is the official language, though 27 other languages are official in some regions and over 100 minority languages are spoken across the country.
Russia has a complex culture shaped by its history and geography. Some key aspects include:
1) The nuclear family is important but multigenerational households are common due to economic factors. Marriage and divorce rates have fluctuated over time with divorce often caused by economic hardship or alcohol abuse.
2) Russian is the dominant language but over 100 minority languages are also spoken, reflecting Russia's ethnic diversity.
3) The government has transitioned to a democratic system but retains authoritarian tendencies, such as strong central control and censorship. Corruption remains a problem.
4) Orthodox Christianity is the dominant religion though Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism are also practiced. Traditional customs around death and the afterlife
This document provides an overview of Russian culture and business practices. It discusses key cultural concepts in Russia like collectivism, egalitarianism, and dusha (soul). It describes the hierarchical and collective decision-making structure typical of Russian companies. Some business practices covered include the importance of punctuality, paperwork, business cards, toasts at meals, and maintaining eye contact. The document also notes gender differences and attitudes towards foreign partners in Russian business culture.
Anne Egros is an intercultural trainer specialized in supporting international managers working with Russians. The document provides an overview of Russian history, culture, and business practices. It discusses Russian cultural values such as collectivism, perseverance, and networks. It also covers communication styles, time perception, and tips for managing meetings more effectively with Russian counterparts.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of Russian business culture. It discusses values like collectivism and egalitarianism. It outlines common practices such as the importance of punctuality, using faxes/emails for communication, and having meetings and paperwork involve signatures. Business dress is also formal, involving suits. Building personal relationships is emphasized, and status and hierarchy must be respected.
Proper Russian business etiquette is essential to gain new partners and clients in Russia’s business community. When foreigners travel to Russia to gain new partners and clients in this exotic eastern European country, it is vital to demonstrate the appropriate Russian business etiquette. A key component is being confident in your actions when participating in modern Russian business transactions. Impress your Russian colleagues by becoming aware of what they value and enhance your network to the Russian market through your culturally applicable gestures.
It is my study about Russian Business Culture.common working practices in Russia,Making Appointment,Business Dress Code
Conversation, Structure and hierarchy in Russian business culture
Working relation Ship in Russia, Business Practices in Russia, gender Aspects, Meals and Business Etiquettes
Finally we’ll discuss what are Do’s and Don’ts in Russian business.
This is all about Russian Business Culture: its basic do's and dont's, etiquette and attire when one wishes to engage in the Russian business world.
Content Credits goes to their respective owners.
I own nothing except the PowerPoint presentation.
This is actually a school work which I just like to share with others.
For reference uses only.
Russian culture can be summarized as follows:
1. Orthodox Christianity is the dominant religion in Russia, practiced by 41% of the population, while Islam, unaffiliated Christians, and other religions make up smaller percentages.
2. Ethnically, Russians make up over 80% of the population, while Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, and Chuvashs are the largest ethnic minorities.
3. Russian is the official language, though 27 other languages are official in some regions and over 100 minority languages are spoken across the country.
Russia has a complex culture shaped by its history and geography. Some key aspects include:
1) The nuclear family is important but multigenerational households are common due to economic factors. Marriage and divorce rates have fluctuated over time with divorce often caused by economic hardship or alcohol abuse.
2) Russian is the dominant language but over 100 minority languages are also spoken, reflecting Russia's ethnic diversity.
3) The government has transitioned to a democratic system but retains authoritarian tendencies, such as strong central control and censorship. Corruption remains a problem.
4) Orthodox Christianity is the dominant religion though Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism are also practiced. Traditional customs around death and the afterlife
This document provides an overview of Russian culture and business practices. It discusses key cultural concepts in Russia like collectivism, egalitarianism, and dusha (soul). It describes the hierarchical and collective decision-making structure typical of Russian companies. Some business practices covered include the importance of punctuality, paperwork, business cards, toasts at meals, and maintaining eye contact. The document also notes gender differences and attitudes towards foreign partners in Russian business culture.
Anne Egros is an intercultural trainer specialized in supporting international managers working with Russians. The document provides an overview of Russian history, culture, and business practices. It discusses Russian cultural values such as collectivism, perseverance, and networks. It also covers communication styles, time perception, and tips for managing meetings more effectively with Russian counterparts.
The United States is a diverse country with over 300 million people. While English is the most commonly spoken language, Spanish is second most spoken. The US has no official language. Culturally, Americans tend to be informal, value time, and have smaller nuclear family units. Business dress is generally conservative but can vary regionally and by industry. Handshakes are a common greeting in professional settings.
Australians value cultural diversity and have an easy-going lifestyle. They are generally friendly and relaxed. Modesty and equality are important cultural values. When meeting Australians, shake hands with everyone and allow women to offer their hands first. Business relationships are built on personal connections, and Australians take punctuality seriously for meetings. Australians prefer straightforward, efficient communications and dislike one-upmanship.
This document discusses non-verbal communication differences between Russian and Pakistani culture. It notes that non-verbal communication varies between cultures. In Russia, greetings typically involve a firm handshake with direct eye contact. Russians stand closer during conversations than Westerners. Ok signs and fig gestures are rude in both Russia and Pakistan. Russians tend to have serious expressions with strangers that soften with familiarity, while Pakistanis may not smile often with strangers. Physical contact signifies confidence in Russia, while public displays of affection between genders is inappropriate in Pakistan.
The document discusses doing business in Russia, noting that Russia has a growing economy but also contradictions and risks that make it different than other markets. It highlights that private consumption is fueling economic growth and there is potential across industries like services, retail, and infrastructure. Personal relationships are important for success in Russia's business environment due to bureaucracy and a focus on testing rules.
Doing Business in Russia: information and tipsDasha Chizhova
This presentation was supposed to be a part of the training program for the expats in case they are going to Russia in order to help them understand the Wide Russian Soul and give some tips on business behavior.
This Russia Power Point highlights these facts and much more including: 17 Points on General Information, 11 Points on Family Life, 6 Points on Food, 16 Points on Food Etiquette, 9 Points on Social Etiquette, 33 Points on Business Etiquette, and 10 Points on Trivia.
An oral practice book for advanced students of English aimed at secondary or adult students who are preparing for the Cambridge Proficiency Exam or want to improve their command of spoken English
This document provides tips for improving English skills. It discusses why English is important, common problems people face, and how to improve the four main language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. For each skill, it offers specific strategies like speaking to native English speakers, reading aloud, watching movies with subtitles, and practicing pronunciation. Resources for free online English learning are also provided. The overall message is that regular practice across all skills is key to improving English ability.
Structuralism & Generativism
This document provides an overview of structuralism and generativism in linguistics. It discusses European structuralism beginning in the 1920s based on Saussure's work, as well as American structuralism from the 1930s-1960s influenced by behaviorism. Generativism emerged in the late 1950s with Chomsky's work and emphasized the creativity and productivity of language. It separated competence from performance and focused on universal grammar. Generativism marked a departure from structuralism by emphasizing what languages have in common rather than their diversity.
This document provides an overview of organizational culture and business practices in Russia. It discusses key cultural concepts like collectivism and egalitarianism. It also outlines expectations around meetings, dress code, gifts, and etiquette. Specifically, it notes the importance of punctuality, paperwork, persistence, respecting hierarchy, physical contact, and toasting during meals. The document cautions that while doing business in Russia can be worthwhile due to economic opportunities, it requires navigating a complex culture and building long-term trust.
Non verbal communication russia, japan and chinadragon888
This is a presentation about non-verbal communication in Russia, Japan and China. It was made as an assignment about intercultural communication for a business English module at Hochschule Bremen, Germany
The Red Square and The Kremlin in Moscow are popular tourist destinations in Russia. Popular Russian cuisine includes beef goulash, boeuf stroganoff, and goose with apples. The currency of Russia is the ruble, where 1 euro is equal to 43.08 rubles. Russia receives 3-4 feet of snow from October to April, so warm winter clothing is recommended. The current president of Russia is Dmitriy Medvedev. Flights to Moscow are available for around €319 return, and accommodation in Moscow starts at €100 per night.
The document provides information about etiquette practices in various global business contexts. It discusses key cultural differences and norms around appearance, behavior, communication and business practices in countries such as France, Brazil, India, Japan and others. The importance of understanding these differences for successful global business interactions is emphasized. The document also includes a quiz testing knowledge of etiquette in different situations and countries.
Learning a new language provides many benefits such as improved job and career opportunities, stronger cultural understanding, and cognitive benefits like delayed onset of dementia. However, it also presents challenges like dedicating enough time for study and choosing which language to learn. Motivation and choosing an effective study method can help overcome these challenges.
Lets learn about russia || PPT on RussiaAvinash Kumar
This document provides an overview of key facts about Russia. It discusses that Russia's capital is Moscow, its president is Vladimir Putin, and its population is over 143 million people. The primary language is Russian, though there are 35 official regional languages. Some top tourist destinations highlighted include Saint Basil's Cathedral and the Hermitage Museum in Moscow. The document also notes Russia's large size, spanning multiple time zones, and its status as a top global producer of natural resources like gas and oil.
LIN101 introduces students to the field of linguistics. The course is taught by Dr. Russell Rodrigo and aims to define linguistics, identify its scopes, examine language and linguistic concepts, and analyze language learning and acquisition. Students will be assessed through participation, discussions, assignments, and a presentation to demonstrate their understanding of course topics like syntax, morphology, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics.
The document provides information about an American Business Culture workshop including an agenda covering introductions, American business culture, resume writing and interviewing, and individual consultations. It discusses typical American workers, national vs corporate vs professional culture, and interactions in the workplace. Etiquette for business meals and negotiations, customer service, problem solving, and resume/interview tips are also covered.
In the United States and Canada:
- Handshakes are common greetings with good eye contact. Men wait for women to extend their hands first.
- Interactions are usually open and cordial. Formal titles or Mr., Mrs., Miss are used with surnames.
- Business gifts are not routinely exchanged but may be given to celebrate finalizing contracts or projects.
- Taking associates to meals or events is a nice gesture but invitations to private homes are rare. Wait for hosts to start business discussions.
Chapter 8 deals with the “Meaning in dictionaries”
- Explores how and with what success dictionaries describe the various aspects of lexical meaning
8.1 The Objects of Definition
8.2 Lumping and Splitting
8.3 Definitions
8.4 Sense relations
8.5 Phraseology
This document provides information about business etiquette and cultural customs in various countries and regions. It discusses appropriate behaviors and protocols for interactions, meetings, greetings, and negotiations in business settings in the United States, Germany, Brazil, and several other areas. Specific dos and don'ts are outlined relating to punctuality, formality, gift-giving, body language, and other cultural norms that should be observed to ensure respectful and successful business dealings in an internationally diverse business world.
This document provides an overview of Russian culture and business practices. It discusses key cultural concepts in Russia like collectivism, egalitarianism, and dusha (soul). It describes the hierarchical and collective decision-making structure typical of Russian companies. Some business practices covered include the importance of punctuality, paperwork, business cards, toasts at meals, and maintaining eye contact. The document also notes gender differences and attitudes towards foreign partners in Russian business culture.
The document provides cultural guidelines for interacting with Russians. It notes that Russians highly value generosity and emotion, though they tend to keep emotions private. It also notes Russian superstitions and norms around names, gifts, and business etiquette. Russians are said to be proud, indifferent to some issues, and heavy drinkers, though not necessarily alcoholics. Sports, patriotism, and traditional gender roles are also touched on.
The United States is a diverse country with over 300 million people. While English is the most commonly spoken language, Spanish is second most spoken. The US has no official language. Culturally, Americans tend to be informal, value time, and have smaller nuclear family units. Business dress is generally conservative but can vary regionally and by industry. Handshakes are a common greeting in professional settings.
Australians value cultural diversity and have an easy-going lifestyle. They are generally friendly and relaxed. Modesty and equality are important cultural values. When meeting Australians, shake hands with everyone and allow women to offer their hands first. Business relationships are built on personal connections, and Australians take punctuality seriously for meetings. Australians prefer straightforward, efficient communications and dislike one-upmanship.
This document discusses non-verbal communication differences between Russian and Pakistani culture. It notes that non-verbal communication varies between cultures. In Russia, greetings typically involve a firm handshake with direct eye contact. Russians stand closer during conversations than Westerners. Ok signs and fig gestures are rude in both Russia and Pakistan. Russians tend to have serious expressions with strangers that soften with familiarity, while Pakistanis may not smile often with strangers. Physical contact signifies confidence in Russia, while public displays of affection between genders is inappropriate in Pakistan.
The document discusses doing business in Russia, noting that Russia has a growing economy but also contradictions and risks that make it different than other markets. It highlights that private consumption is fueling economic growth and there is potential across industries like services, retail, and infrastructure. Personal relationships are important for success in Russia's business environment due to bureaucracy and a focus on testing rules.
Doing Business in Russia: information and tipsDasha Chizhova
This presentation was supposed to be a part of the training program for the expats in case they are going to Russia in order to help them understand the Wide Russian Soul and give some tips on business behavior.
This Russia Power Point highlights these facts and much more including: 17 Points on General Information, 11 Points on Family Life, 6 Points on Food, 16 Points on Food Etiquette, 9 Points on Social Etiquette, 33 Points on Business Etiquette, and 10 Points on Trivia.
An oral practice book for advanced students of English aimed at secondary or adult students who are preparing for the Cambridge Proficiency Exam or want to improve their command of spoken English
This document provides tips for improving English skills. It discusses why English is important, common problems people face, and how to improve the four main language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. For each skill, it offers specific strategies like speaking to native English speakers, reading aloud, watching movies with subtitles, and practicing pronunciation. Resources for free online English learning are also provided. The overall message is that regular practice across all skills is key to improving English ability.
Structuralism & Generativism
This document provides an overview of structuralism and generativism in linguistics. It discusses European structuralism beginning in the 1920s based on Saussure's work, as well as American structuralism from the 1930s-1960s influenced by behaviorism. Generativism emerged in the late 1950s with Chomsky's work and emphasized the creativity and productivity of language. It separated competence from performance and focused on universal grammar. Generativism marked a departure from structuralism by emphasizing what languages have in common rather than their diversity.
This document provides an overview of organizational culture and business practices in Russia. It discusses key cultural concepts like collectivism and egalitarianism. It also outlines expectations around meetings, dress code, gifts, and etiquette. Specifically, it notes the importance of punctuality, paperwork, persistence, respecting hierarchy, physical contact, and toasting during meals. The document cautions that while doing business in Russia can be worthwhile due to economic opportunities, it requires navigating a complex culture and building long-term trust.
Non verbal communication russia, japan and chinadragon888
This is a presentation about non-verbal communication in Russia, Japan and China. It was made as an assignment about intercultural communication for a business English module at Hochschule Bremen, Germany
The Red Square and The Kremlin in Moscow are popular tourist destinations in Russia. Popular Russian cuisine includes beef goulash, boeuf stroganoff, and goose with apples. The currency of Russia is the ruble, where 1 euro is equal to 43.08 rubles. Russia receives 3-4 feet of snow from October to April, so warm winter clothing is recommended. The current president of Russia is Dmitriy Medvedev. Flights to Moscow are available for around €319 return, and accommodation in Moscow starts at €100 per night.
The document provides information about etiquette practices in various global business contexts. It discusses key cultural differences and norms around appearance, behavior, communication and business practices in countries such as France, Brazil, India, Japan and others. The importance of understanding these differences for successful global business interactions is emphasized. The document also includes a quiz testing knowledge of etiquette in different situations and countries.
Learning a new language provides many benefits such as improved job and career opportunities, stronger cultural understanding, and cognitive benefits like delayed onset of dementia. However, it also presents challenges like dedicating enough time for study and choosing which language to learn. Motivation and choosing an effective study method can help overcome these challenges.
Lets learn about russia || PPT on RussiaAvinash Kumar
This document provides an overview of key facts about Russia. It discusses that Russia's capital is Moscow, its president is Vladimir Putin, and its population is over 143 million people. The primary language is Russian, though there are 35 official regional languages. Some top tourist destinations highlighted include Saint Basil's Cathedral and the Hermitage Museum in Moscow. The document also notes Russia's large size, spanning multiple time zones, and its status as a top global producer of natural resources like gas and oil.
LIN101 introduces students to the field of linguistics. The course is taught by Dr. Russell Rodrigo and aims to define linguistics, identify its scopes, examine language and linguistic concepts, and analyze language learning and acquisition. Students will be assessed through participation, discussions, assignments, and a presentation to demonstrate their understanding of course topics like syntax, morphology, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics.
The document provides information about an American Business Culture workshop including an agenda covering introductions, American business culture, resume writing and interviewing, and individual consultations. It discusses typical American workers, national vs corporate vs professional culture, and interactions in the workplace. Etiquette for business meals and negotiations, customer service, problem solving, and resume/interview tips are also covered.
In the United States and Canada:
- Handshakes are common greetings with good eye contact. Men wait for women to extend their hands first.
- Interactions are usually open and cordial. Formal titles or Mr., Mrs., Miss are used with surnames.
- Business gifts are not routinely exchanged but may be given to celebrate finalizing contracts or projects.
- Taking associates to meals or events is a nice gesture but invitations to private homes are rare. Wait for hosts to start business discussions.
Chapter 8 deals with the “Meaning in dictionaries”
- Explores how and with what success dictionaries describe the various aspects of lexical meaning
8.1 The Objects of Definition
8.2 Lumping and Splitting
8.3 Definitions
8.4 Sense relations
8.5 Phraseology
This document provides information about business etiquette and cultural customs in various countries and regions. It discusses appropriate behaviors and protocols for interactions, meetings, greetings, and negotiations in business settings in the United States, Germany, Brazil, and several other areas. Specific dos and don'ts are outlined relating to punctuality, formality, gift-giving, body language, and other cultural norms that should be observed to ensure respectful and successful business dealings in an internationally diverse business world.
This document provides an overview of Russian culture and business practices. It discusses key cultural concepts in Russia like collectivism, egalitarianism, and dusha (soul). It describes the hierarchical and collective decision-making structure typical of Russian companies. Some business practices covered include the importance of punctuality, paperwork, business cards, toasts at meals, and maintaining eye contact. The document also notes gender differences and attitudes towards foreign partners in Russian business culture.
The document provides cultural guidelines for interacting with Russians. It notes that Russians highly value generosity and emotion, though they tend to keep emotions private. It also notes Russian superstitions and norms around names, gifts, and business etiquette. Russians are said to be proud, indifferent to some issues, and heavy drinkers, though not necessarily alcoholics. Sports, patriotism, and traditional gender roles are also touched on.
Russia is the largest country in the world, spanning northern Europe and northern Asia. It has a population of 142 million and vast natural resources, including the world's largest forest and fresh water reserves. Business dress in Russia is conservative, with suits and ties expected for men and modest, professional attire for women. Conversations should be conducted in a calm tone, with an effort to speak some Russian appreciated.
Russia is the largest country in the world, spanning northern Europe and northern Asia. It has a population of 142 million and vast natural resources, including the world's largest forest and fresh water reserves. Business customs in Russia emphasize formal dress, respectful conversations, and the importance of establishing personal relationships through gestures like gift giving.
Russian culture can be summarized as follows:
1. Orthodox Christianity is the dominant religion in Russia, practiced by 41% of the population, while Islam, unaffiliated Christians, and other religions make up smaller percentages.
2. Ethnically, Russians make up over 80% of the population, while Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, and Chuvashs are the largest ethnic minorities.
3. Russian is the official language, though 27 other languages are official in some regions and over 100 minority languages are spoken across the country.
Russian culture can be summarized as follows:
1. Orthodox Christianity is the dominant religion in Russia, practiced by 41% of the population, while Islam, unaffiliated Christians, and other religions make up smaller percentages.
2. Ethnically, Russians make up over 80% of the population, while Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, and Chuvashs are the largest ethnic minorities.
3. Russian is the official language, though over 100 minority languages are also spoken, and 27 languages have official status in various Russian regions.
In this lengthy document, George Bernard Shaw discusses the complexities of the English language and proper speech. He argues that there is no single correct way of speaking English, as even educated native speakers from different regions pronounce words differently. Shaw also notes differences between one's formal and informal speech. He advises foreign English learners to embrace an accent and speak broken English to be better understood by locals. Overall, the document explores the fluid nature of language and emphasizes being intelligible over perfect pronunciation.
This document provides information about different types of words in English: simple words, complex words, and compound words. It defines each type and provides examples. Simple words consist of a single morpheme, complex words include two bound morphemes or a bound and free morpheme, and compound words have two or more free morphemes. The document also discusses distinguishing compound words from phrases, noting structural integrity, semantic meaning, and stress patterns.
The document discusses several common English idioms and phrases, providing their origins and sample uses. It explains 13 idioms:
1) "all in all" meaning everything considered
2) "at sixes and sevens" meaning in a state of confusion or disorder
3) "at daggers drawn" meaning in a state of bitter enmity
4) "to have an axe to grind" meaning to want to have an argument about something
5) "at the eleventh hour" meaning at the last possible moment
6) "a stone's throw away" meaning very close
7) "a square deal" meaning an equitable bargain
8) "the black sheep" meaning different
Cross cultural communication and managementPlaytestix
This document discusses strategies for effective cross-cultural communication. It advises learning about the history, culture, and social norms of other societies to understand different perspectives. When interacting with people from other cultures, it is important to be polite, listen actively, avoid sensitive topics like politics and religion, and find common ground. Language barriers can lead to misunderstandings, so speaking clearly and avoiding slang or idioms is recommended. With experience, practice, and awareness of cultural differences, intercultural communication is possible.
The document provides tips for overcoming genealogical "brick walls" or barriers in family history research. Some suggestions include checking for alternate names like middle names, common naming conventions, searching by village or occupation rather than just name, and reviewing sources like local histories, school records, and changes in jurisdictions over time. The document encourages revisiting original sources and not giving up the search when reaching an obstacle.
The document provides several tips for overcoming genealogy "brick walls" or barriers in family history research, including checking for middle name usage, focusing on less common family members, researching naming conventions, searching by village instead of just name, checking for street name changes over time, reviewing local histories, verifying jurisdictions, investigating towns' industries and occupations, and exploring school records. The tips are meant to help genealogists find new approaches and avenues for furthering their ancestral searches when they have hit roadblocks.
The document provides tips for conducting business meetings and interactions in Italy, England, and Russia. Some key points include:
- Schedule Italian business appointments in writing and in Italian at least 2 weeks in advance and avoid high pressure tactics.
- In England, dress more formally, especially in London, and allow people of higher rank to enter a room first. Do not try to mimic a British accent.
- Russians appreciate knowledge of their culture, including art, music and history. Do not expect smiles and avoid rude hand gestures that could provoke violence.
This document discusses language variation at different linguistic levels. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered: 1) language varieties, 2) variation at different linguistic structure levels, and 3) factors influencing variation. It then defines internal variation as different ways of expressing the same meaning within a single language. No two speakers speak exactly the same. Variation exists at the phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical levels. Finally, it lists some key factors influencing linguistic variation, such as region, social factors, age, gender, and ethnicity.
Cultural differences between Ukraine and Western countries go very deep, beyond just surface level habits. Ukrainians tend to have a more collective mindset and traditional gender roles compared to Western cultures. Hospitality is highly valued in Ukraine, with hosts entertaining guests for several days. Physical contact and personal space norms also differ, with Ukrainians having smaller personal bubbles. Superstitions and religious mysticism are more common in Ukraine. Attitudes towards wealth, public behavior, family structures, education, and friendships also exhibit Ukrainian cultural traits that contrast with Western norms.
This is the final presentation from our 6-part genealogy workshop series, Finding Your Family Roots. The presentation is meant to provide an overview of methods and considerations for family researchers who intend to publish their family histories.
English has become the dominant international language due to the spread of American popular culture and its role in global business. While English helps different groups communicate, it is quite complex and brings American cultural influences. Scientists created the artificial language Esperanto as a neutral option, but it never caught on widely. In the future, Chinese may become the predominant global language as more people speak it than any other.
THIS IS THE TOPIC THAT MY DISCUSSION IS ABOUT….Topic #3 Los.docxdohertyjoetta
THIS IS THE TOPIC THAT MY DISCUSSION IS ABOUT….
Topic #3: Los Hispanos y el Español
· Briefly explain the terms Latino and Hispanic. Describe how two people who are of Spanish-speaking heritage could be similar and how they could be different.
· What are some equivalent terms that you could use to describe people from more than one English-speaking country? If you had to invent a term to refer to all English-speaking people and cultures, what term would you create?
· What are some English words that are used where you live that are not necessarily used in other parts of the country?
· What different accents of native speakers of English from the United States can you distinguish and easily identify? What different accents of native speakers of English from outside the United States can you distinguish and easily identify?
· If you were to visit another English-speaking country, how much difficulty would you have communicating with the people that live there? Why?
· How will your awareness of the diversity of the Spanish language and culture throughout the world influence your approach to studying the language and trying to communicate in the language?
Respond to Peers: Review your classmates’ posts, and respond to at least two of your peers. For one of your responses, choose someone who posted on a topic different from what you selected. Share alternate views, provide personal experiences as they relate to the topic, expand upon ideas, or provide questions to encourage further elaboration of the topic. Each response should be a minimum of 75 words.
#1
LaShondra Kelly
MondayFeb 5 at 8:18am
Manage Discussion Entry
Topic #1: ¿Cόmo Se Saluda la Gente?
How do people in the Spanish-speaking world greet each other?
After reading this section of the text, I found that most Spanish-speaking people greet each other with by asking how they are doing. Men usually shake hands and if they are close friends, they may greet each other with a hug or
abrazo.
Female friends usually greet each other with a little kiss on the cheek and a gentle hug. This type of greeting is called a
besito.
The text explains that depending on the country, the women will kiss on one or both cheeks. The text finalizes the interpretation of Spanish-speaking greeting by explaining that men and women greet each other based on how familiar they are with each other, what country they are in, and how well they know each other. This greeting usually consists of a hand shake and/or a
besito
.
How do your male friends generally greet each other? And your female friends?
My male friends usually greet each other with a hand shake and sometimes a one armed hug. This is considered manly. My female friends will greet each other with a hug.
How do greetings reflect a culture?
Greetings are a reflection of the culture in which one is derived. Handshakes, hugs, kisses, etc. are reflection of their culture. Some greetings are reserved for those in higher classes. ...
Russian etiquette involves firm handshakes while maintaining eye contact as a greeting. Names consist of a first, patronymic, and last name used in varying levels of formality. Gift giving occurs on holidays and flowers are expected if invited to a meal. Arrive on time to meals and do not begin eating until invited. Meetings require advance scheduling and include socializing before business. Popular tourist attractions display Russian architecture, art, and nature such as Lake Baikal and the Trans-Siberian Railway. Traditions surround newborns, travel, and birthdays to bring good luck.
Dictionary of Idioms and their Origins.pdfbeatrix15
The English language contains a vast store of idioms that can be used in creative and forceful ways. This totally revised and greatly expanded edition of Dictionary of Idioms examines over 500 phrases, tracing each one's source and history through a rich supply of examples. New entries include 'playing fast and loose' (from a 16th-century fairground game), 'head over heels' (a totally illogical variation on the more sensible 'heels over head') and 'knee-high to a grasshopper' (which won out over knee-high to a mosquito and knee-high to a toad). Mini-essays scattered through the book enable the authors to expand on such broader themes as: What is an Idiom?, National Rivalries, and the Old Curiosity Shop of Linguistics. While maintaining scholarly accuracy, Linda and Roger Flavell convey their great love of the curious in language in a way that will be irresistible to anyone who delights in words
Similar to A Guide To Russian Business Etiquette And Culture. (20)
A Guide To Russian Business Etiquette And Culture.
1. Closing the Culture Gap.
A guide to Russian business etiquette and culture.
Whenever I hear the word culture, I reach for my revolver.
Hanns Johst, Schlageter, act 1 scene 1
Making the appointment:
Obtaining an appointment can be time consuming and often very challenging, especially
when trying to make an appointment with a top director. Therefore, patience is an absolute
virtue and once an appointment has been made, you should do everything in your power to
avoid cancelling.
Ideally appointments should be planned and scheduled well in advance and it is advisable
to confirm your appointment several times as the meeting date draws near. The end of July
and the month of August is a difficult time for making appointments as this is the time of
year when most business people take their annual holidays.
Schedules often can and do change with very little notice with business meetings often
seeming to be open-ended affairs. A visitor is, however, expected to be punctual while at
the same time being flexible.
Punctuality is (especially for a first meeting) is expected. However, it is not unusual for
your Russian counterpart to be late for a meeting – even up to being an hour or two, if they
deem the meeting to be of a low priority.
Although lateness is frowned on in other circles, it is in your best interests to arrive
punctually, and to ensure you do not die of boredom, should you be likely to be kept
waiting, carry some work or another diversion with you, to fill in the time.
Allow plenty of time for both travelling to the appointment and for the appointment itself,
as not only can appointments start late, but often have a habit of running well over time –
even if started on time.
Although the working day starts at 9am and finishes at 6pm; it is not very often that you
will get to see anyone much before 10am and the working day tends to finish at 5pm in the
provinces.
Business attire:
Russian business people pay an infinite amount of attention to how look and the old saying
that, “You never get a second chance to make a good first impression,” is especially true in
Russia.
The Russian proverb says, "They meet you depending on how you're dressed and they say
good bye depending on how wise you seem," and today’s Russian’s spend more of their
disposable income and family budget on clothing than any other country in the world; with
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2. the top brands such as Versace, Gucci, Calvin Klein and Hugo Boss, being very much in
vogue.
For those Russians, not being in a position to afford such brand names, it is quite usual to
see people very smartly smartly-dressed, all the same, in cheaper but well-made clothing,
rather than the brand name fake items of clothing widely available throughout Russia.
Suits, smart shirts and ties are the norm for men, whether it is in the office or a restaurant
and you should try to avoid wearing the same shirt and tie every day. Dark colours and
white shirts are for special occasions only, while dark blue or lighter colour tones are
perfectly acceptable.
On Friday’s, which is “dressing down day,” it is acceptable to go to the office in smart
casual wear. However, if you are attending meetings, especially for the first time, then do
dress in suit, shirt and tie.
In winter dress in warm (it goes without saying) outer clothing, with hats and gloves, as
well as a good pair of insulted boots with good treads, as the pavements are often very icy
and, therefore, slippery. It is best to keep, which most Russians do, a separate pair of shoes
in winter in the office – changing from your boots to shoes upon arrival at work.
Conversational and small talk tips:
Try to speak in a calm, moderate, tone of voice at all times. It is considered nekylurniy
(non-cultured) to raise your voice in the office or at meeting.
Your Russian colleagues will be delighted if you make the effort to speak even a few
sentences of their language. Nevertheless, if your Russian party speaks your language,
your decision to speak Russian may cause confusion (e.g.--they might think that their
English is not good enough).
Russians are sometimes very careful about what they say, and may revert to speaking
metaphorically, symbolically, and perhaps even cryptically. Consequently, there is a great
deal of reliance on nonverbal communication. At other times, however, they can be
extremely frank; it all depends on the situation.
Russian people sometimes tend to touch each other during conversation, which is a sign of
confidence.
Many Russians are enthusiastic about discussing politics and the challenges of living in
Russia. Participating in this kind of discussion and expressing your views (even if they are
opposite) is more welcome than just being an active listener.
Talking about Russian culture and history may be very much an appreciated gesture here.
Russians are extremely educated – so don't be surprised if they start to talk about the
history (more likely than culture) of your own country. You should be prepared for this,
somewhere along the line.
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3. Personal questions are best avoided, although you may be subject to these inquiries. Make
the effort to answer these questions as best as you are willing to allow, since your Russian
peers may press you for details.
Approach compliments with caution, since they may cause Russians to feel a sense of
misplaced obligation. For example, if you are visiting a home and begin enthusiastically
admiring a decorative object, your hosts may insist that you take it.
There is tremendous affection for children in this culture; if you are a parent, showing
photographs of your children can be an effective way of building good will.
In conversation, it can be permissible to discuss your feelings and hopes for the future.
Sometimes, your Russian companions will be far more interested in the personal side of
your character than your business agenda.
Talking about the arts and literature in best avoided if you do not at least have some
background information on world famous Russian persons such as Tchaikovski, Prokofiev,
Tolstoy, Chekov, Pushkin, Malevich, Barishnikov or Plesetskaya.
Should you become involved in such a conversation, don't be surprised how easily the
discussion on Chekov's novels can be changed to Picasso's paintings, Mozart's music or
the impact of Yalta Conference in 1943 on the world's history. Russians like to make
parallels, find clues and make leads.
Welcome topics of conversation:
• The changes taking place in Russia
• Current events
• World War II
• Economic difficulties
• Positive contrasts and comparisons between Russia and your country [let your
Russian companions bring up this subject first]
• Books
• Films
• Sports, especially football and formula 1
• Food (usually a favourite topic) and restaurants
• Cars and motorcycles
Best avoided topics of conversation:
• Complaints about Russia (most Russians are very proud of their country, despite its
inadequacies and this type of conversation is really the sole domain of family and
close friends)
• The Holocaust
• The Czar and the monarchy
• Ethnic minorities
• Religion
• Comparing/contrasting Russia to other developing countries
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4. • Comparing/contrasting Moscow and Saint Petersburg
How to address others with tact and respect:
• As a rule only people who are very close friends or relations refer to one another by
the first name.
• It is perfectly appropriate, when meeting someone, to simply state your family
name without any additional greeting.
• Ensure that you learn the titles of everyone you plan to encounter, as these
distinctions are extremely important in this culture.
• Usually, Russians have three names. The first name is a given name, while the last
name is the father's family name. The middle name is a version of the father's first
name, known as a patronymic; for a man, it ends with the suffixes “vich” or
“ovich” meaning “son of.”
For a woman, the patronymic is also the father's first name but with suffixes “a” or
“ovna” added, which means “daughter of.” When you become well acquainted with
a person, you may be invited to refer to him or her by the first name and
patronymic.
• As a visitor, it is appropriate to refer to your Russian colleague by either
“gaspodin” [a courtesy title similar to “Mr.”] or “gaspazhah” [similar to “Mrs.” or
“Miss”] plus his or her surname.
• Some names are so common that you will need additional information to identify
the correct person. In official circles, Russians use a person's birth date to
differentiate between identically named individuals. Moreover, Russians often use
prefixes “senior” and “junior” after a name to differentiate between two persons
[especially men] that are identically named.
• Women, who get married, take their husband's last name, but indicate their gender
by changing the last letter when it is a vowel [which it almost always is] into an
“a.”
• Some names are so common that you will need additional information to identify
the correct person. In official circles, Russians use a person's birth date to
differentiate between identically named individuals.
Selecting and giving appropriate gifts:
• Russians take pleasure as well as care in choosing and giving and receiving gifts.
Be sure to bring an assortment of gifts, so that you will always have something
appropriate to give.
• Cheaper gifts do not have to be wrapped, while more expensive ones ought to be.
• Gifts for children are usually opened in private, while gifts for adults are generally
opened in the presence of others. If your gift was a hit, you will hear many 'thank-
you’s.'
• Russians spend a lot of money on gifts. Avoid giving gifts such as pencils, pens,
lighters (unless they are expensive ones), cheap wine or vodka, notebooks, etc.
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5. • When invited to a Russian home, bring a gift of chocolates, dessert items, a good
bottle of wine or other alcohol [try to select something other than vodka, which is
widely available].
• Bringing a bouquet of flowers (not too expensive though) for women you are
visiting (doesn't really matter how many of them are in the family you're visiting) is
a good idea. Make sure you have an odd number of flowers. Even numbers are
usually for funerals.
• Gifts are expected for social events, especially as “thank-yous” for private dinner
parties or overnight stays in someone's home. Thank-you notes and holiday cards
are not considered appropriate because they have no practical use.
• If there are children in the family, it is thoughtful acknowledge them with a small
gift, such as a toy or candy.
• Avoid giving corporate knives, for the opening letters as presents, as they
(especially with the older generation) signify the “cutting off” of a relationship.
• NB. Finally, it is considered bad luck to give a pregnant woman a baby gift until
after the baby is born.
All about giving flowers:
In Russia, flowers are a gift given almost exclusively for women. The only few exceptions
would be male teachers, doctors and visiting celebrities.
If you are visiting a family home, it is quite customary to bring along a bouquet of flowers
for a wife, sister or mother. These female relatives are likely to be present at the time of
your visit.
Pink, cream, orange, and blue coloured flowers, are rarely awarded any special meaning
and, thus, are quite acceptable selections.
Yellow flowers are best avoided (unless you picked them up yourself on a trip to the
countryside). Some white flowers should also be approached with a degree of caution.
As in many other countries, flowers are an essentially romantic gift and red lowers
especially in rich and dark shades, will be perceived as a display of love or strong
affection.
Other appreciated gifts; having been invited someone’s home or a family occasion:
Wine or other alcohol (anything of good quality, apart from vodka, a good bottle medium-
dry red wine or whiskey is always appreciated, for example)
• A box of fine chocolates
• When in season – usually about the middle of August till the end of October…a
good-sized melon (dina) or water melon (arbus)
• A good quality cake/tort
• Towels
• Cameras
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6. • Watches
• Kitchenware equipment or good quality tableware/dinner service
• A good quality photo album, as Russians adore showing photos of family, friends
and special occasions to others, which is also a very sure sign of acceptance should
they start showing them to you as well
• Perfume, cologne, or a even nice bouquet of flowers, for the hostess (as a thank-
you for an overnight stay)
Birthdays:
Birthdays are taken seriously in Russia and should not be discounted as merely ‘another
day older and deeper in debt’ and, moreover, a birthday celebration can often be spread
over several days.
As I have already mentioned, Russian’s love giving and receiving gifts and a birthday is
certainly a special time for doing just that – rejoicing the day you were born and of giving
(hosting) parties and receiving presents and, in most cases, literally mixing work with
pleasure.
Birthdays at the office:
To have your birthday and not celebrate the occasion with your colleagues, in the office, is
really just not cricket and could actually be interpreted as a complete lack of respect and
contempt…in other words – a snub to the very people you work or could be working with.
As a new departmental manager or director, you would be highly respected, by your
subordinates (and Russian peers) should you take the time to find out the dates of peoples
birthdays, in your department (as well as those of your Russian peers, from other
departmants) and acknowledge them appropriately – especially for the ladies; with a nice
bouquet of flowers, for example.
It is not unusual to celebrate a birthday, in the office, during the working day, with some
cake, fruit, and a light buffet affair, and some beverage and toasts; which is always done in
complete moderation and with responsibility and respect to the daily functions of the office
routine. Meaning… the work is not interrupted unduly and within a few minutes people are
back at their place of work. In fact, it often enhances the working environment and
effectiveness of the company team; due to the fact that it gives people (from different
departments) a chance to meet and even discuss things, in an informal way.
And, by observing that one simple (but very important and even enjoyable) facet of
Russian culture, will gain you infinite respect and lots of Brownie points among your
team. Should you try to ban this tradition from the workplace, you will likely end up with a
very miserable team, unwilling – even refusing to go that “extra mile” for you and even
worse – a high staff turnover and probably be labelled an autocratic and a grumpy old
misery, behind your back, into the bargain.
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