This document summarizes a study that used GIS to analyze noise levels in Calabar, Nigeria. Noise measurements were taken using a sound level meter at various locations, which were georeferenced using a GPS. The noise data was analyzed in ArcGIS software to generate noise maps showing noise levels and their spatial and temporal distribution. The results showed higher noise levels in industrial, commercial, and transportation areas that peaked in the afternoon and declined in the evening. Residential areas had lower but sometimes moderately high noise levels on certain days. The study recommended restricting noisy activities from residential areas and using noise attenuation techniques.
Geospatial Outreach and Support at Stanford University - Julie Sweetkind-Sing...JISC GECO
This document summarizes geospatial support at Stanford University. It describes the university's centers for spatial research, technical infrastructure including software and computing resources, courses that teach geospatial concepts, and outreach activities. It also profiles several key staff who provide geospatial support and instruction to academics across many departments.
PERI-URBAN LAND USE CHANGE IN LAGOS THE MEGA-CITY SEMINAR 2Samuel Dekolo
This document provides background information on a research study investigating peri-urban land use changes in the Lagos megacity between 1976 and 2013. It discusses the global trends of urbanization and issues related to megacity growth such as environmental degradation. The study aims to assess land use changes using remote sensing and GIS, investigate the determinants of change, and evaluate land management policies. The conceptual framework is based on the DPSIR model. A hybrid research design incorporating spatial analysis and field surveys will be used to collect primary and secondary data on the physical, social and policy dimensions of peri-urban land use change in Lagos.
The document summarizes the role of geospatial information in a hyper-connected society. It discusses how the digital earth and geo big data/internet of things are generating massive amounts of geospatial data. It also describes how web geo services, participatory mapping, and geo crowdsourcing are making this data accessible and enabling new forms of interaction between people, places, and things on the internet.
Remote sensing has enabled mapping, monitoring and management of various resources like agriculture, forestry, water, and oceans over the last four decades. It has contributed significantly to development in India through applications like groundwater mapping, wasteland monitoring, flood mapping, agriculture monitoring, fisheries forecasting, snow and glacier studies, and forestry assessments. Current and future uses include urban planning through databases and indicators, and watershed development through projects like Sujala in Karnataka. Advances in remote sensing will continue to improve emergency response, mapping, and geospatial information.
On the performance of filters for reduction of speckle noise in sar images of...Zac Darcy
This document evaluates the performance of mean and median filters for reducing speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images off the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. The mean filter performs better for noise levels below 10% while the median filter performs better for higher noise levels, as measured by mean squared error and peak signal-to-noise ratio. Designing an adaptive filter that switches between mean and median filtering depending on the noise level could provide the best reduction of speckle noise in SAR images.
The document discusses using GIS applications to help with decision making and public engagement in planning new graveyards and columbaria in Hong Kong. It describes how GIS can be used to evaluate potential sites based on factors like available land, landscape, transportation access, proximity to residents, and air quality. It also explains how CAD and VR tools can help visualize proposals for the public and obtain feedback to inform decisions. GIS spatial analysis and visualization technologies can provide data and modeling to analyze locations and engage the community, but have limitations like a lack of connectivity between CAD files.
Peri-urban Land Use Change in the Lagos MegacitySamuel Dekolo
This document summarizes a study that examined land use and land cover changes in Ikorodu, a peri-urban local government area of Lagos, Nigeria, using remote sensing imagery from 1990 to 2011. The study found a 672% increase in urbanized areas, accompanied by losses of 58% of forestland and 29% of agricultural land. Wetlands decreased by 6.28%. This indicates unsustainable sprawl that threatens rural livelihoods and sustainability. The study recommends adopting GIS and remote sensing in planning, strengthening related education, and preparing an Ikorodu Master Plan to guide development.
Mary Slessor was a Scottish missionary to Nigeria in the late 1800s. She was born into poverty and began working in mills at a young age. After converting to Christianity, she felt called to missionary work. She went to Nigeria and advocated for the end of practices like killing twins and slavery. Over her lifetime, she established many schools and churches, helped convert many people to Christianity, and gained respect from the local communities as a judge and advocate. She persevered through illness and hardships to improve lives in Calabar.
Geospatial Outreach and Support at Stanford University - Julie Sweetkind-Sing...JISC GECO
This document summarizes geospatial support at Stanford University. It describes the university's centers for spatial research, technical infrastructure including software and computing resources, courses that teach geospatial concepts, and outreach activities. It also profiles several key staff who provide geospatial support and instruction to academics across many departments.
PERI-URBAN LAND USE CHANGE IN LAGOS THE MEGA-CITY SEMINAR 2Samuel Dekolo
This document provides background information on a research study investigating peri-urban land use changes in the Lagos megacity between 1976 and 2013. It discusses the global trends of urbanization and issues related to megacity growth such as environmental degradation. The study aims to assess land use changes using remote sensing and GIS, investigate the determinants of change, and evaluate land management policies. The conceptual framework is based on the DPSIR model. A hybrid research design incorporating spatial analysis and field surveys will be used to collect primary and secondary data on the physical, social and policy dimensions of peri-urban land use change in Lagos.
The document summarizes the role of geospatial information in a hyper-connected society. It discusses how the digital earth and geo big data/internet of things are generating massive amounts of geospatial data. It also describes how web geo services, participatory mapping, and geo crowdsourcing are making this data accessible and enabling new forms of interaction between people, places, and things on the internet.
Remote sensing has enabled mapping, monitoring and management of various resources like agriculture, forestry, water, and oceans over the last four decades. It has contributed significantly to development in India through applications like groundwater mapping, wasteland monitoring, flood mapping, agriculture monitoring, fisheries forecasting, snow and glacier studies, and forestry assessments. Current and future uses include urban planning through databases and indicators, and watershed development through projects like Sujala in Karnataka. Advances in remote sensing will continue to improve emergency response, mapping, and geospatial information.
On the performance of filters for reduction of speckle noise in sar images of...Zac Darcy
This document evaluates the performance of mean and median filters for reducing speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images off the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. The mean filter performs better for noise levels below 10% while the median filter performs better for higher noise levels, as measured by mean squared error and peak signal-to-noise ratio. Designing an adaptive filter that switches between mean and median filtering depending on the noise level could provide the best reduction of speckle noise in SAR images.
The document discusses using GIS applications to help with decision making and public engagement in planning new graveyards and columbaria in Hong Kong. It describes how GIS can be used to evaluate potential sites based on factors like available land, landscape, transportation access, proximity to residents, and air quality. It also explains how CAD and VR tools can help visualize proposals for the public and obtain feedback to inform decisions. GIS spatial analysis and visualization technologies can provide data and modeling to analyze locations and engage the community, but have limitations like a lack of connectivity between CAD files.
Peri-urban Land Use Change in the Lagos MegacitySamuel Dekolo
This document summarizes a study that examined land use and land cover changes in Ikorodu, a peri-urban local government area of Lagos, Nigeria, using remote sensing imagery from 1990 to 2011. The study found a 672% increase in urbanized areas, accompanied by losses of 58% of forestland and 29% of agricultural land. Wetlands decreased by 6.28%. This indicates unsustainable sprawl that threatens rural livelihoods and sustainability. The study recommends adopting GIS and remote sensing in planning, strengthening related education, and preparing an Ikorodu Master Plan to guide development.
Mary Slessor was a Scottish missionary to Nigeria in the late 1800s. She was born into poverty and began working in mills at a young age. After converting to Christianity, she felt called to missionary work. She went to Nigeria and advocated for the end of practices like killing twins and slavery. Over her lifetime, she established many schools and churches, helped convert many people to Christianity, and gained respect from the local communities as a judge and advocate. She persevered through illness and hardships to improve lives in Calabar.
Mobile Netw Appl
DOI 10.1007/s11036-009-0217-y
NoiseSPY is a mobile phone application that turns phones into noise sensors. It records sound levels using the phone microphone along with GPS data. This allows users to map noise levels encountered during journeys. Initial trials involved cycling couriers collecting noise data in Cambridge. Indications are the functionality engaged users and aspects like personal data, context, and reflection on data collection were important factors in user interest. The system architecture combines sound level measurements on the phone with transmission of data to a server for aggregation and visualization on an online noise map.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document is an assessment of noise pollution levels at various locations on the campus of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University in Bangladesh. Noise levels were measured at 16 locations using a sound level meter and GPS. The highest noise level was observed at the Nazrul Statue in the afternoon at 95.8 dB, while the lowest was at the Vice Chancellor's Residence in the evening at 42.2 dB. GIS software was used to create noise maps of the campus during morning, afternoon and evening. The results showed that ambient noise levels exceeded standards. Solutions proposed to reduce noise pollution include turning off appliances, using earplugs, lowering volume, planting trees and regular vehicle maintenance.
The city of Zagreb since 2012, participates in the i-SCOPE project (interoperable Smart City services trough Open Platform for urban Ecosystems). i-SCOPE delivers an open platform on top of which it develops, three "smart city" services: optimization of energy consumption through a service for accurate assessment of solar energy potential and energy loss at building level, environmental monitoring through a real-time environmental noise mapping service leveraging citizen's involvement will who act as distributed sensors city- wide measuring noise levels through an application on their mobile phones and improved inclusion and personal mobility of aging and diversely able citizens through an accurate personal routing service. The students of Faculty of Geodesy University of Zagreb, who enrolled in the course Thematic Cartography, were actively involved in the voluntary data acquisition in order to monitor the noise in real time. In this paper are presented the voluntary acquisitioned data of noise level measurement in Zagreb through a mobile application named Noise Tube, which were used as the basis for creating the dynamic noise map.
Satellite based observations of the time-variation of urban pattern morpholog...Beniamino Murgante
Satellite based observations of the time-variation of urban pattern morphology using geospatial analysis
Gabriele Nolè, Rosa Lasaponara - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, Italy
ASSESSMENT OF NOISE POLLUTION IN GOPALGANJ CITYMichele Thomas
Traffic noise is a significant source of noise pollution in Gopalganj city, Bangladesh. Noise levels were measured from 9-10 AM at Launchghat using a sound level meter. All sound levels exceeded the standard of 50 dBA for a mixed area, ranging from 68.5-90.7 dBA. The noise pollution level was calculated to be 90.7 dBA, indicating high noise pollution from traffic in the area during morning hours. Recommendations to decrease noise pollution include restricting heavy vehicles during work hours and improving traffic conditions.
Multicriterial Analysis Applied to the Urban Environment of The Industrial Ar...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The urban framework studies are nowadays constituting important tools to support the decision-making process of municipal public administrations around the world. Through these studies, municipalities and competent bodies can guide the planning, execution and monitoring of the urban infrastructure of their cities, thus guaranteeing their populations efficient, high-quality sanitation, energy, transportation and housing equipment. In this sense, the present work carries out a study of the urban environment of the Córrego do Liso Hydrographic Basin, one of the most important urban subbasin of the municipality of Uberlândia – MG (Brazil) which suffers from conflicts arising from the use and occupation of its soil for domestic and industrial activities. For this study, geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques, as well as laboratory tests on soil and water samples, were used to collect georeferenced information about the main urban, environmental, geotechnical and hydrological parameters of the study area. With this data in hand, the technique of Multicriteria Analysis (or map algebra) was applied to correlate the data obtained and to formulate a sequence of documents, tables, infographics and mappings that synthesize the present urban reality of the studied basin.
Monitoring and Landscape Quantification of Uncontrolled Urbanisation in Oasis Regions: The Case of Adrar City in Algeria
* 1 Dr. Assoule Dechaicha Image result for research orcid , 2 Assist. Prof. Adel Daikh Image result for research orcid , 3 Prof. Dr. Djamel Alkama Image result for research orcid
1, 2 and 3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 8 May 1945 University, Guelma, Algeria
E-mail 2: dechaicha.assoul@univ-guelma.dz , E-mail 1: alkama.djamel@univ-guelma.dz
E-mail 3: daikh.adel@univ-guelma.dz
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 March 2021
Accepted 25 July 2021
Available online 12 August 2021
Keywords:
Uncontrolled Urbanisation,
Satellite Images,
Landscape Metrics,
Palm groves,
Oasis Ecosystem.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, uncontrolled urbanisation is one of the major problems facing Algerian oasis regions. The monitoring and evaluation of its landscape transformations remain a key step for any oasis sustainability project. This study highlights the evolution of spatial growth in the city of Adrar in southern Algeria during the period 1986-2016 by establishing a Spatio-temporal mapping and landscape quantification. The methodological approach is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite images for 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, and the application of landscape metrics. The results show two opposite spatial trends: significant growth of built-up areas against an excessive loss of palm groves. The landscape metrics allowed the identification of a progressive fragmentation process characterising the palm groves. Thus, the findings of this study show the utility of satellite imagery and landscape metrics approach for monitoring urbanisation patterns and assessing their impacts on oasis ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 209-219.
Lessons learned from a Microsoft AI for Earth-WRI Collaboration
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/06/webinar-ai-global-environmental-challenges
Application of Geospatial Technique in Selection of Suitable Solid Waste Dump...IJSRED
1) The study looked at using geospatial techniques to select suitable solid waste dumpsites in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.
2) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) were used to integrate different spatial datasets like land use maps and evaluate them based on criteria to identify potential dumpsite locations.
3) The study found that 26 of the 27 existing dumpsites were improperly located and the only dumpsite was inadequate. It recommended establishing additional suitable dumpsites identified through the analysis and properly managing waste disposal.
Sub-Urban Growth around University Campuses_Igbiloba O EnochOlumide Igbiloba
This document summarizes a study that used remote sensing and GIS techniques to analyze suburban growth around the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) campus from 1986 to 2013. Land satellite images from 1986, 2002, and 2013 were classified to identify land use and land cover changes over time. The study found that the built up area increased as the university population grew, while forest and vegetation coverage declined. Multiple linear regression was used to correlate population growth at FUTA with changes in bare land, vegetation, and built up area. The study concluded suburban growth is increasing and recommendations include sustainable residential development, forest management, and a spatial information management system.
Geo-Environmental Impact Assessment of Urbanization on Top Soil in Okene Metr...Premier Publishers
The impact of urbanization on top soil within Okene metropolis was evaluated using geochemical mapping tools. Methods of investigation involved urban studies, sampling, standard laboratory analyses and data evaluation. A total of one hundred and twenty-four (124) composite soil samples were systematically collected from different regions of the metropolis. Heavy metals composition of the soil samples was determined using Energy Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (EDXRF). The mean concentrations of Cu (153.84 ppm), Fe (78680.70 ppm), Ni (163.84 ppm) and Zn (476.50 ppm) contents in the urban soil are higher than maximum allowable limit for agricultural and residential standards. As (5.47 ppm), Cd (0.91 ppm) and Cr (44.00 ppm) are within the allowable limits, while Pb was found at its threshold of 100.00 ppm. The pairs of As and Pb (r = 0.938), Fe and Cr (r = 0.685), and Ni and Cu (r = 0.689) was observed to be governed by similarity in origins, lithologic processes and anthropogenic activities. Based on soil pollution index, 85.48% of the top soil in Okene metropolis is polluted at varying degrees. Soil within Okene central, Ogaminana, and the nucleated parts between Adavi-Eba and Agassa regions are highly impacted. These areas have relatively higher population density, ineffective sanitary system, poor wastes management services and higher level of urbanization activities. Awareness on consequences of polluted environments should be made public. Systematic remediation of the urban soil by suitable means is recommended.
IRJET- Increasing Noise Pollution in SRTM University Campus Area of Vishn...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on increasing noise pollution in the Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University campus area in Nanded, India. Noise levels were measured between January 2018 and December 2018 at 20 sampling sites, including locations designated as silence zones, residential areas, and commercial areas. The results found noise levels exceeding permissible limits set by the Central Pollution Control Board, with some commercial areas reaching up to 85 dB during the day. Increasing population, urbanization, construction activities, and vehicle traffic were concluded to be contributing factors to rising noise pollution levels in the university campus area.
Noise mapping is a new tool that uses technology to create maps of noise levels across large areas to measure and help improve quality of life in cities and communities. The maps can show decibel levels from sources of noise pollution like roads, airports, and industry. European cities have led in creating these noise maps, which provide information to help with urban planning, raise awareness of noise issues, and may even impact property values. The document proposes that US cities could also implement citywide noise mapping programs.
This document summarizes a study that monitored the proliferation of slums in the Rural Common of Sidi Taibi, Morocco using GIS and satellite image processing. Unsupervised and supervised image classification techniques were used to generate land use maps from satellite imagery from 2000 to 2012. Digital terrain models were also created from topographic maps and orthophotographs. Integrating this geospatial data with socioeconomic data in a GIS allowed accurate identification and monitoring of slum areas over time to inform intervention strategies. Very high resolution satellite imagery was needed to most precisely extract slum buildings. The methodology demonstrates an improved approach over traditional surveys to dynamically track informal housing development.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Human Auditory Communication Disturbances Due To Road Traffic Noise Pollution...IJERA Editor
Study on auditory communication disturbances due to road transportation noise in Calabar Urban City, Nigeria was carried out. Both subjective (psycho-social) and objective (acoustical) measurements were made for a period of twelve months. Questionnaire/interview schedules containing pertinent questions were administered randomly to 500 respondents of age 15 year and above, who were also with a good level of literacy skills (reading writing ) and leaving in houses sited along or parallel to busy road, with heavy traffic volume for at least three (3) years. The questionnaires provided the psycho-social responses of respondents used in this study, their reactions to road traffic noise effect on communication activities (listening to radio, listening and watching television, verbal communication between individuals, speech communication and telephone/GSM communication). Acoustical measurements were made at the facades of respondents' houses facing the road using precision digital sound level meter, Bruel and Kjaer (B & K) type 732 following ISO standards 1996. The meter read the road traffic noise levels at measurement sites (facades of respondents' houses). From the results obtained in this study residents of Calabar City suffer serious communication interferences as a result of excessive road traffic noise levels. The noise indices used for this study were LAeq and Ldn. Noise levels obtained were over 93 dB(A) (daytime) and 60 dB(A), (nighttime) for LAeq and 80 dB(A) for Ldn. These far exceeded the recommended theoretical values of 45-55 and 70 dB(A), for LAeqand Ldn respectively. A-weighted sound pressure level (SPLS) range between 87.0 and 100.0 dB(A). In this study it was also observed that over 98% of the respondents reported their television watching/radio listening disturbed, 99% recorded telephone/GSM disturbed, and 98% reported face-to-face verbal conversation disturbed, and 98% reported speech communication disturbed. The background noise levels (BNLs) of measurement sites range from 54.5 to 63.4 dB(A).It appears residents suffered from communication disturbances in the day time more than in the night time as the study revealed. The correlation coefficients between social responses and acoustical responses for television watching/radio listening, telephone/GSM conversation, face-to-face verbal conversation and speech communication disturbances were respectively +0.73, +0.67, + 0.66, and +0.69. In all, Calabar residents are seriously suffering from intense auditory communication interferences daily due to intense road transportation noise pollution
IRJET - Noise Pollution at Major Intersection in Jaipur City and its Mitigati...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on noise pollution from road traffic in Jaipur City, India. Six locations around the city were selected for noise level measurements over a period of 15 days. The sites represented different land uses like residential, commercial and industrial areas. Noise levels were found to exceed safe limits specified by pollution control authorities. Higher noise levels were observed in residential and commercial areas compared to agricultural lands. Noise levels increased with rising traffic volumes and were lower farther from roads. The conclusions recommend noise mitigation measures and note the need for further research on noise measurement, analysis and abatement.
Status of noise in yeshwanthpur circle (bangalore north) based on on site dat...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
Mobile Netw Appl
DOI 10.1007/s11036-009-0217-y
NoiseSPY is a mobile phone application that turns phones into noise sensors. It records sound levels using the phone microphone along with GPS data. This allows users to map noise levels encountered during journeys. Initial trials involved cycling couriers collecting noise data in Cambridge. Indications are the functionality engaged users and aspects like personal data, context, and reflection on data collection were important factors in user interest. The system architecture combines sound level measurements on the phone with transmission of data to a server for aggregation and visualization on an online noise map.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document is an assessment of noise pollution levels at various locations on the campus of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University in Bangladesh. Noise levels were measured at 16 locations using a sound level meter and GPS. The highest noise level was observed at the Nazrul Statue in the afternoon at 95.8 dB, while the lowest was at the Vice Chancellor's Residence in the evening at 42.2 dB. GIS software was used to create noise maps of the campus during morning, afternoon and evening. The results showed that ambient noise levels exceeded standards. Solutions proposed to reduce noise pollution include turning off appliances, using earplugs, lowering volume, planting trees and regular vehicle maintenance.
The city of Zagreb since 2012, participates in the i-SCOPE project (interoperable Smart City services trough Open Platform for urban Ecosystems). i-SCOPE delivers an open platform on top of which it develops, three "smart city" services: optimization of energy consumption through a service for accurate assessment of solar energy potential and energy loss at building level, environmental monitoring through a real-time environmental noise mapping service leveraging citizen's involvement will who act as distributed sensors city- wide measuring noise levels through an application on their mobile phones and improved inclusion and personal mobility of aging and diversely able citizens through an accurate personal routing service. The students of Faculty of Geodesy University of Zagreb, who enrolled in the course Thematic Cartography, were actively involved in the voluntary data acquisition in order to monitor the noise in real time. In this paper are presented the voluntary acquisitioned data of noise level measurement in Zagreb through a mobile application named Noise Tube, which were used as the basis for creating the dynamic noise map.
Satellite based observations of the time-variation of urban pattern morpholog...Beniamino Murgante
Satellite based observations of the time-variation of urban pattern morphology using geospatial analysis
Gabriele Nolè, Rosa Lasaponara - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, Italy
ASSESSMENT OF NOISE POLLUTION IN GOPALGANJ CITYMichele Thomas
Traffic noise is a significant source of noise pollution in Gopalganj city, Bangladesh. Noise levels were measured from 9-10 AM at Launchghat using a sound level meter. All sound levels exceeded the standard of 50 dBA for a mixed area, ranging from 68.5-90.7 dBA. The noise pollution level was calculated to be 90.7 dBA, indicating high noise pollution from traffic in the area during morning hours. Recommendations to decrease noise pollution include restricting heavy vehicles during work hours and improving traffic conditions.
Multicriterial Analysis Applied to the Urban Environment of The Industrial Ar...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The urban framework studies are nowadays constituting important tools to support the decision-making process of municipal public administrations around the world. Through these studies, municipalities and competent bodies can guide the planning, execution and monitoring of the urban infrastructure of their cities, thus guaranteeing their populations efficient, high-quality sanitation, energy, transportation and housing equipment. In this sense, the present work carries out a study of the urban environment of the Córrego do Liso Hydrographic Basin, one of the most important urban subbasin of the municipality of Uberlândia – MG (Brazil) which suffers from conflicts arising from the use and occupation of its soil for domestic and industrial activities. For this study, geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques, as well as laboratory tests on soil and water samples, were used to collect georeferenced information about the main urban, environmental, geotechnical and hydrological parameters of the study area. With this data in hand, the technique of Multicriteria Analysis (or map algebra) was applied to correlate the data obtained and to formulate a sequence of documents, tables, infographics and mappings that synthesize the present urban reality of the studied basin.
Monitoring and Landscape Quantification of Uncontrolled Urbanisation in Oasis Regions: The Case of Adrar City in Algeria
* 1 Dr. Assoule Dechaicha Image result for research orcid , 2 Assist. Prof. Adel Daikh Image result for research orcid , 3 Prof. Dr. Djamel Alkama Image result for research orcid
1, 2 and 3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 8 May 1945 University, Guelma, Algeria
E-mail 2: dechaicha.assoul@univ-guelma.dz , E-mail 1: alkama.djamel@univ-guelma.dz
E-mail 3: daikh.adel@univ-guelma.dz
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 March 2021
Accepted 25 July 2021
Available online 12 August 2021
Keywords:
Uncontrolled Urbanisation,
Satellite Images,
Landscape Metrics,
Palm groves,
Oasis Ecosystem.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, uncontrolled urbanisation is one of the major problems facing Algerian oasis regions. The monitoring and evaluation of its landscape transformations remain a key step for any oasis sustainability project. This study highlights the evolution of spatial growth in the city of Adrar in southern Algeria during the period 1986-2016 by establishing a Spatio-temporal mapping and landscape quantification. The methodological approach is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite images for 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, and the application of landscape metrics. The results show two opposite spatial trends: significant growth of built-up areas against an excessive loss of palm groves. The landscape metrics allowed the identification of a progressive fragmentation process characterising the palm groves. Thus, the findings of this study show the utility of satellite imagery and landscape metrics approach for monitoring urbanisation patterns and assessing their impacts on oasis ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 209-219.
Lessons learned from a Microsoft AI for Earth-WRI Collaboration
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/06/webinar-ai-global-environmental-challenges
Application of Geospatial Technique in Selection of Suitable Solid Waste Dump...IJSRED
1) The study looked at using geospatial techniques to select suitable solid waste dumpsites in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.
2) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) were used to integrate different spatial datasets like land use maps and evaluate them based on criteria to identify potential dumpsite locations.
3) The study found that 26 of the 27 existing dumpsites were improperly located and the only dumpsite was inadequate. It recommended establishing additional suitable dumpsites identified through the analysis and properly managing waste disposal.
Sub-Urban Growth around University Campuses_Igbiloba O EnochOlumide Igbiloba
This document summarizes a study that used remote sensing and GIS techniques to analyze suburban growth around the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) campus from 1986 to 2013. Land satellite images from 1986, 2002, and 2013 were classified to identify land use and land cover changes over time. The study found that the built up area increased as the university population grew, while forest and vegetation coverage declined. Multiple linear regression was used to correlate population growth at FUTA with changes in bare land, vegetation, and built up area. The study concluded suburban growth is increasing and recommendations include sustainable residential development, forest management, and a spatial information management system.
Geo-Environmental Impact Assessment of Urbanization on Top Soil in Okene Metr...Premier Publishers
The impact of urbanization on top soil within Okene metropolis was evaluated using geochemical mapping tools. Methods of investigation involved urban studies, sampling, standard laboratory analyses and data evaluation. A total of one hundred and twenty-four (124) composite soil samples were systematically collected from different regions of the metropolis. Heavy metals composition of the soil samples was determined using Energy Dispersion X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (EDXRF). The mean concentrations of Cu (153.84 ppm), Fe (78680.70 ppm), Ni (163.84 ppm) and Zn (476.50 ppm) contents in the urban soil are higher than maximum allowable limit for agricultural and residential standards. As (5.47 ppm), Cd (0.91 ppm) and Cr (44.00 ppm) are within the allowable limits, while Pb was found at its threshold of 100.00 ppm. The pairs of As and Pb (r = 0.938), Fe and Cr (r = 0.685), and Ni and Cu (r = 0.689) was observed to be governed by similarity in origins, lithologic processes and anthropogenic activities. Based on soil pollution index, 85.48% of the top soil in Okene metropolis is polluted at varying degrees. Soil within Okene central, Ogaminana, and the nucleated parts between Adavi-Eba and Agassa regions are highly impacted. These areas have relatively higher population density, ineffective sanitary system, poor wastes management services and higher level of urbanization activities. Awareness on consequences of polluted environments should be made public. Systematic remediation of the urban soil by suitable means is recommended.
IRJET- Increasing Noise Pollution in SRTM University Campus Area of Vishn...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on increasing noise pollution in the Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University campus area in Nanded, India. Noise levels were measured between January 2018 and December 2018 at 20 sampling sites, including locations designated as silence zones, residential areas, and commercial areas. The results found noise levels exceeding permissible limits set by the Central Pollution Control Board, with some commercial areas reaching up to 85 dB during the day. Increasing population, urbanization, construction activities, and vehicle traffic were concluded to be contributing factors to rising noise pollution levels in the university campus area.
Noise mapping is a new tool that uses technology to create maps of noise levels across large areas to measure and help improve quality of life in cities and communities. The maps can show decibel levels from sources of noise pollution like roads, airports, and industry. European cities have led in creating these noise maps, which provide information to help with urban planning, raise awareness of noise issues, and may even impact property values. The document proposes that US cities could also implement citywide noise mapping programs.
This document summarizes a study that monitored the proliferation of slums in the Rural Common of Sidi Taibi, Morocco using GIS and satellite image processing. Unsupervised and supervised image classification techniques were used to generate land use maps from satellite imagery from 2000 to 2012. Digital terrain models were also created from topographic maps and orthophotographs. Integrating this geospatial data with socioeconomic data in a GIS allowed accurate identification and monitoring of slum areas over time to inform intervention strategies. Very high resolution satellite imagery was needed to most precisely extract slum buildings. The methodology demonstrates an improved approach over traditional surveys to dynamically track informal housing development.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Human Auditory Communication Disturbances Due To Road Traffic Noise Pollution...IJERA Editor
Study on auditory communication disturbances due to road transportation noise in Calabar Urban City, Nigeria was carried out. Both subjective (psycho-social) and objective (acoustical) measurements were made for a period of twelve months. Questionnaire/interview schedules containing pertinent questions were administered randomly to 500 respondents of age 15 year and above, who were also with a good level of literacy skills (reading writing ) and leaving in houses sited along or parallel to busy road, with heavy traffic volume for at least three (3) years. The questionnaires provided the psycho-social responses of respondents used in this study, their reactions to road traffic noise effect on communication activities (listening to radio, listening and watching television, verbal communication between individuals, speech communication and telephone/GSM communication). Acoustical measurements were made at the facades of respondents' houses facing the road using precision digital sound level meter, Bruel and Kjaer (B & K) type 732 following ISO standards 1996. The meter read the road traffic noise levels at measurement sites (facades of respondents' houses). From the results obtained in this study residents of Calabar City suffer serious communication interferences as a result of excessive road traffic noise levels. The noise indices used for this study were LAeq and Ldn. Noise levels obtained were over 93 dB(A) (daytime) and 60 dB(A), (nighttime) for LAeq and 80 dB(A) for Ldn. These far exceeded the recommended theoretical values of 45-55 and 70 dB(A), for LAeqand Ldn respectively. A-weighted sound pressure level (SPLS) range between 87.0 and 100.0 dB(A). In this study it was also observed that over 98% of the respondents reported their television watching/radio listening disturbed, 99% recorded telephone/GSM disturbed, and 98% reported face-to-face verbal conversation disturbed, and 98% reported speech communication disturbed. The background noise levels (BNLs) of measurement sites range from 54.5 to 63.4 dB(A).It appears residents suffered from communication disturbances in the day time more than in the night time as the study revealed. The correlation coefficients between social responses and acoustical responses for television watching/radio listening, telephone/GSM conversation, face-to-face verbal conversation and speech communication disturbances were respectively +0.73, +0.67, + 0.66, and +0.69. In all, Calabar residents are seriously suffering from intense auditory communication interferences daily due to intense road transportation noise pollution
IRJET - Noise Pollution at Major Intersection in Jaipur City and its Mitigati...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on noise pollution from road traffic in Jaipur City, India. Six locations around the city were selected for noise level measurements over a period of 15 days. The sites represented different land uses like residential, commercial and industrial areas. Noise levels were found to exceed safe limits specified by pollution control authorities. Higher noise levels were observed in residential and commercial areas compared to agricultural lands. Noise levels increased with rising traffic volumes and were lower farther from roads. The conclusions recommend noise mitigation measures and note the need for further research on noise measurement, analysis and abatement.
Status of noise in yeshwanthpur circle (bangalore north) based on on site dat...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
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A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
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A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
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A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
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A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
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3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
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A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
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In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
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Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Choosing The Best AWS Service For Your Website + API.pptx
A gis analysis of noise islands in calabar metropolis, nigeria
1. Journal of Environment and Earth Science
ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online)
Vol. 3, No.12, 2013
www.iiste.org
A GIS Analysis of Noise Islands in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria
J. N. Obiefuna1*; F. E. Bisong2; E. B. Ettah3
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
1.Email: JoeObiefuna@gmail.com, 2.Email: FEBisong@yahoo.com 3.Email: Emmanuel.Ettah@yahoo.com
* E-mail of the corresponding author: JoeObiefuna@gmail.com
Abstract
This study examined noise islands in Calabar Metropolis, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
infrastructure. Physical measurement of noise levels was made using Barn and Korn (BK) Precision 732 Digital
Sound Level Meters. The locations were geo-referenced using a Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx Global Positioning
System. Data were manipulated using ESRI ArcGis Software version 9.5, which generated composite noise
maps. The point data in the geospatial database were subjected to interpolation, deploying Inverse Distance
Weighing (IDW) algorithm for the different temporal periods of morning, afternoon and evening. The results
revealed that noise level in the industrial, commercial as well as the transportation land use elements have been
found to increase from the morning period, hits the peak in the afternoon and begins to wane in the evening
period. Unlike the residential zones, which showed low, as well as moderately high noise level on certain days of
the week due to some incompatible activities located there. It was therefore recommended that those activities
that generate high noise in the industrial and commercial zones should be discouraged from springing up in the
residential landuses in order to maintain their tranquil status. Besides, the source, path, and receiver techniques
of noise attenuation have also been recommended as a general antidote to noise menace in the metropolis.
Keywords: Noise Level, Noise Maps, Noise Islands, Spatial Distribution, Temporal Distribution, GIS, Inverse
Distance Weighing
1. Introduction
Noise maps have been developed using GIS in most of the European Countries. According to a report
by the British Broadcasting Corporation (2008), the residents of 23 towns and cities in England have been given
the chance to monitor noise levels in their area using interactive maps achieved through geographic information
systems
Environmental noise, particularly in urban areas, has a significant impact on human well-being.
Ensuring that noise does not reduce the quality of life needs a precise measurement of its levels using a scientific
method. Poor urban planning may give rise to high noise level since industrial and residential buildings
constructed side-by-side can result in noise pollution in the residential area. According to Jayant and
Stonecypher (2010), poor urban planning results to a rise in noise pollution and measurement of these noise
levels has become essential in order that it may be compared with medically safe standard for urban residents.
Noise is derived from the Latin word “nausea” implying unwanted sound or sound that is loud or
unexpected (Singh and Joshi, 2010). The term, “island” has been used concertedly with another term, “heat” in
several urban heat studies to refer to the distribution and the intensity of heat in a metropolitan area (Baik and
Kim, 2000; Voogt, 2002; Arnfield, 2003; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2008; and Weng, 2009).
Therefore, Noise Islands as being used in this research are simply noise spurs or distinct noise levels at different
spatial locations, caused by varying social, cultural, religious and economic activities.
In Nigeria, cities exude a cacophony of sounds. Daily, Nigerian city dwellers must brave the wail of
sirens, the clamour of construction, noise from electric generators, pub closing time banter and the drone of
traffic. These noise sources according to Knights (2008), are part and parcel of the urban environment of which
Calabar is no exception. Noise is a serious cause of global worry particularly, in the urban areas of the
developing and the developed nations (Banerjee, Chakraborty, Bhattacharyya and Gangopadhyay, 2009). Noise
causes psychological stress on the living, as well as physical stress on the non-living things exposed to it.
Urbanization has led to an increase in infrastructural development and economic activities all of which constitute
potential sources of environmental noise problem in Calabar. This research investigates the spatio-temporal
distribution of noise islands in Calabar Metropolis.
1.1 The Problematic
Noise is becoming an increasingly prevailing, yet unnoticed form of pollution in Calabar metropolis. In
Calabar, population has increased from 99, 352 persons in 1963 to over 371, 022 persons in 2006 (NPC
Population Projection, 2007). This population increase apparently resulted to an increase in economic activities
and proliferation of many religious houses, which have turned Calabar to a “noise factory”, creating many noise
islands. As a result, it has now become difficult for one to find peace and tranquility in a place that should be
called a home. Again, it has reached a point where someone in search of a housing facility in an area devoid of
noise from churches, traffic zones, construction sites, airport, generators, musical equipments and party halls will
1
2. Journal of Environment and Earth Science
ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online)
Vol. 3, No.12, 2013
www.iiste.org
only be wasting own time.
Several studies on noise have been carried out in Calabar but they neither took cognizance of the spatial
and temporal elements nor did they apply Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool in the study, which
this study considered. For example, Menkiti (1990) studied generator noise in Calabar. Besides, Ntui (2009)
studied noise sources and levels at the University of Calabar Library, Calabar, Nigeria. In addition, Okoro and
Inyang (2010) examined the effect of air traffic noise on residents of Ekpo Abasi street Calabar, Cross River
State. In these studies, no form of georeferencing was done and noise maps were not produced. Since noise
transmission, as well as its effect on the environment has many spatial components, the use of GIS provides the
possibility of optimizing the quality of noise studies. Moreover, in contemporary urban planning process,
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has become an important tool for planners, environmental managers and
decision makers. Today, GIS excels at editing, data handling, interpolation and visualization capabilities that are
lacking in most models.
Contrary to Calabar situation, there exist some comprehensive data on noise level in some parts of the world. For
instance, in the United Kingdom, planners have been creating noise maps in communities around the country for
several years. The Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) has launched a noise mapping
website so as to make the results available to the public. The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is
http://services.defra.gov.uk/wps/portal/noise. Also, the European Union Noise Observation and Information
Service website located at http://noise.eionet.europa.eu/index.html has been developed. It is a dynamic website
that graphically shows on a country-wide basis, the number of residents exposed to various levels of road, air
and rail noise. These would not have been possible if noise data were not available to them. Finally GIS has been
successfully used in various noise-related examinations. The most relevant findings were that GIS application in
noise study has proven to be an ideal tool for carrying out noise mapping as well as noise impact assessment in
an urban setting, In Calabar, it is certainly a case of “my people perish because of lack of knowledge”. Therefore,
there is a need for baseline noise data to be acquired while appropriate noise information should be made
available to the public.
1.2 The Study Objectives
The main aim of this study is to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of noise islands in Calabar
Metropolis. The objectives are as follows:
1)
To graphically demarcate all the noise risk zones based on different noise levels.
2)
To generate a GIS-based noise-level map of Calabar Metropolis for different temporal periods.
2. Method of Study
2.1 Data sources
Data for this study is made up of noise level reading from line source such as traffic noise and point
sources such as commercial sites, loudspeakers, generators, and religious homes. All noise values were
expressed in decibel (dB) scale. The geographical coordinates and elevation of the locations were obtained.
Another set of data used for this research is that of secondary origin. Examples of data in this group are
landuse maps and high resolution satellite imageries such as Google Earth Satellite Maps.
2.2 Materials used
2.2.1 Global positioning system (GARMIN GPSMAP 60CSx).
A GARMIN GPS was used to geo-reference all the data points. Before operation, the power button was
pressed and held to turn on the unit. During operation, the unit was held in front with the top tilted upwards.
While the GPS receiver was searching for satellite signals, a “locating satellites” message was replaced by an
“acquiring satellites” message until enough signals were acquired to fix its location.
2.2.2 Digital sound level meter (BK Precision 732)
The experimental apparatus used in the recording of noise levels consisted of a BK Precision 732
Digital Sound Level Meters. It is equipped with 4 digits Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), a condenser microphone
and an octave filter. During measurements, the microphone was positioned in such a way as not to be in acoustic
shadow of any obstacle in the field of the reflected waves. It has a resolution of 0.1 dB and an update cycle 0.5
second.
The system provides 30 to 130dB capability in three convenient measurement ranges. The ranges are
Low (30 to 80dB), Medium (50 to 100dB) and High (80 to 130dB), with an accuracy of ±1.5 dB. The meter
meets the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 651 Type II standard, and includes frequency
weighting of A and C and fast and slow time weighting. The A-weighting was used because of its
recommendation for environmental and industrial studies (Peterson and Gross, 1974).
2.5 Site selection and measurement procedure
Site selection for this study was entirely based on observation. A reconnaissance survey of Calabar
metropolis by the researcher with a sound level meter revealed 85 noise prone locations, with noise level ranging
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from 75 to 105dB. There are other locations where noise levels are below, or within the noise exposure limit
recommendation of 75dB as stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations
Environmental Programme (UNEP (1980)).
A stratified random sampling was employed in selecting locations or sampling sites for the study. The
85 locations identified as noise prone locations were grouped into 4 different strata representing various land
uses. Each stratum was sampled as an independent sub-population. A simple random sample was selected using
a digital random number generator shown in figure 3.4. For this study, 30 per cent of the observed data points
was selected from each stratum. The 30 percent is very representative as it is supported by Udofia (2006), which
states that 30 per cent of sampling population is ideal as a sampling size in any physical study. Enoh (1997)
stated that no serious study should admit a sampling fraction that is less than one tenth of the population.
Therefore, 30 per cent, which is about one third of the population is very adequate for this study.
(TABLE 1) and depicted (FIG. 1)
Sound Level Meters were simultaneously used to acquire data in all locations. A GPS was used to obtain the
coordinates of the sampled locations. Noise data from transportation landuse were acquired from road
intersections or nodes. The reason for this is that transport land use is a line source of noise, which is always in
continuum. Noise data from other landuses were acquired from the source at a distance of one meter. These
sources are point sources and are discrete. Point sources include noise from industrial and commercial landuses.
Examples are noise from generators, grinding machines, stereo players, etc.
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FIG. 1. Sampled points in Calabar Metropolis
Source: Visualization by the authors, 2011.
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3. Results
Table 2 shows the mean noise level for all the sampled locations for the three time periods: morning, afternoon
and evening. From the tables, nominal labels 1 and 2 represent the industrial landuse; the numbers ranging from
3 to 11 represent the transportation landuse; numbers 12 to 18 represent the residential zone while numbers 19 to
25 represent the commercial landuse. From the tables, it could be revealed that the commercial landuse has the
heavier mean decibel values within the range of 68.0dB and 95.8dB. The residential landuse happens to have a
lower mean decibel value ranging from 44.9dB to 71.4dB.
Table 3 shows the mean noise level for all the identified landuses. From the table, the industrial landuse has the
highest noise values in the morning, which spans from 88.5dB at 8am, 89.1dB at 8.30am and 89.5dB at 9am.
The least is the residential landuse, with value ranging from 55dB to 57dB at the same time period. In the
afternoon, the commercial zone emerged the first in terms of noise level with the following figures: 84.8dB at 12
noon, 85.6dB at 12.30pm, and 86.5dB at 1pm. In the evening, the commercial zone also emerged the first with
the following figures: 86.5dB at 4.pm, 86.6dB at 4.30pm, and 86.9dB at 5pm.
In the digital framework, the point data in the geospatial database were subjected to interpolation,
deploying Inverse Distance Weighing (IDW) algorithm for the different temporal periods (morning, afternoon
and evening). The results of the operation are presented (FIGs. 2, 3 and 4).
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FIG 2. Noise island map of Calabar Metropolis highlighting the noise prone zones (morning).
Source: Visualization by the authors, 2011.
As the figures have succinctly depicted, noise level at the industrial (EPZ) and commercial (Marian and Watt
Market) zones range between 78dB and 93dB as indicated by the colour tones. The colour tones have been
defined at the filled contour section of the map legend. From figure 2, the industrial area has a wide distribution
of noise bandwidth in the morning, while the commercial zone has a low noise bandwidth due to sparse noise
emission points. In the afternoon, there is a huge variation as the commercial zones and traffic congestion points
are dark coloured signifying higher noise level than the morning period (FIG. 3). Besides, the area covered by
noise is much larger than observed in the morning. In the evening, the commercial and the transportation
landuses are dark coloured, indicating higher noise level from the landuses. At this period, noise intensity at the
industrial zone has diminished (FIG. 4).
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FIG 4. Noise island map of Calabar Metropolis highlighting the noise risk zones
(Evening).
Source: Visualization by the authors, 2011.
FIG 3. Noise island map of Calabar Metropolis highlighting the noise risk zones (afternoon).
Source: Visualization by the authors, 2011.
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4. Conclusion and Recommendations
This study examined noise islands in Calabar Metropolis. In order to develop noise island maps, an automated,
GIS-based approach was used to manipulate geospatial data. The outputs are three composite noise island maps
showing noise levels at various locations for different time periods of the day: the morning, afternoon and the
evening. Undoubtedly, there is a need for harmonized research such as this, in order to constantly acquire,
validate and update noise level information in Calabar Metropolis, and other urban areas in Nigeria, as well as
generate a map that could be used for planning of facilities. It is therefore recommended that those activities that
generate high noise in the industrial and commercial zones should be discouraged from springing up in the
residential landuses in order to maintain the tranquil status of the zones. Besides, the `source-path-receiver`
technique of noise attenuation is also recommended as a general remedy to noise menace in the metropolis.
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