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體推碩 黃嘉華
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1997年後中華職業棒球聯盟(CPBL)的觀眾人數快
速下降
此項研究中,以普通最小二乘法(OLS)模型,估計
1990-2008中華職棒市場需求分析變化的原因
經驗證顯示,同性質的運動替代〈例如:台灣大聯
盟(TML),美國職棒大聯盟(MLB)〉與打假球醜聞,
市場需求下降的原因
此外也發現實際收入產生負面影響,使得職棒遊戲
劣質產品

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棒球是台灣的國球也是最風行的運動之一。
CPBL自1990年成立以來觀眾人數持續增長,到了
1996年有9%的年均增長率。
1995年的165萬觀眾人數達到頂峰,但到了2000
年下降到只有0.3萬人,平均每場比賽上座率最低。
只有1,676名觀眾。
雖然MLB的市場需求已被調查,但卻很少有人專注
於亞洲職業體育市場。
本文是首次探討中華職棒大聯盟需求分析。

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本研究中的因變量指的是每年聯賽觀眾出席數據指
定市場需求職棒出席人數。
四個因素受影響的體育運動觀眾人數的原因有:實
際收入、同質運動的替代品、人才遷移和假球醜聞。
目前的研究表示,亞洲國家包括韓國和台灣,由於
美國職棒大聯盟關係降低本國職棒的觀眾人數。

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CPBL自1990創盟以來,1995年的165萬觀眾人數
達到頂峰,但到了2000年下降到只有0.3萬人,平
均每場比賽上座率最低,只有1,676名觀眾。
觀眾出席率是職業運動的主要銷售收入,觀眾人數
的波動意味著門票銷售、專業專營權的變化。

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觀眾人數的變化有商業界和學術界的影響。
從商業的角度來看,了解比賽觀眾人數變化的因素
在於發展體育管理和行銷計劃可以更有效的決策並
提供有價值的訊息。

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另外以往大多的研究都集中在觀眾個體特徵以及與
橫截面數據分析比賽的觀眾出席率。
MLB的市場需求已被調查,但卻很少有人專注於亞
洲職業體育市場,因此本研究不僅是有根據的增加
體育管理域的文獻,也為體育經理人了解為什麼從
經濟的角度來看比賽觀眾出席率的波動。

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可能會影響市場需求因素:罷工、建設新球場、球
隊之間有競爭力的平衡、價格設定、球隊的勝率、
球隊名冊、實際收入、人才遷移和運動的替代品。
這項研究的目的是提高亞洲職業體育市場的關注和
理解。
利用中華職棒聯盟的數據,這項研究有可能提供與
台灣的專業運動需求和均質運動替代效應對亞洲體
育專業的需求收入彈性的經驗相關的信息。

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人才遷移的影響,在韓國已有研究;台灣也有人才
外移,所以確定是否會因為美國職棒效應進而影響
中華職棒觀眾人數變化。
最後,目前的研究涉及職棒打假球醜聞的影響,觀
眾人數變化的實證研究的不足不以成立。

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本來中華職棒大聯盟當局認為影響觀眾人數的原因
歸咎於TML和打假球醜聞。
中華職棒和賄賂球員和教練的運動替代的存在也有
聯賽的出勤產生不利影響。
台灣的棒球市場規模不能維持兩個職業棒球聯賽。

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打假球醜聞似乎破壞職棒的質與量,減少在聯賽中
球迷的信任。
為了充分消除中華職棒打假球的醜聞,強烈建議當
局應採取行動,防止該類似作弊行為並此建議增加
中華職棒球員的薪資。

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