SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 18
觀眾關係下的消費者忠誠度:
消費者滿意度與球隊認同度之間的關係

產經碩一

1020806

陳瑞浩
簡報大綱
論文簡介

理論背景
研究架構

調查問題
研究結果
未來發展方向
論文簡介


本研究背景建立在法國冰上曲棍球的觀眾調查。



主要在討論
消費者滿意度、
球隊認同度、
與消費者忠誠度三者的關係

雖然許多研究已調查消費者的滿意度,忠誠度、觀
眾關係服務的球隊認同度的關係,但同時研究這三
者之間相互關係的研究,卻非常少。
理論背景


消費者的忠誠度被定義為二合一的概念,它同時收集態度
和行為層面。(Day, 1969; Dick & Basu, 1994; Mahony,
Madrigal, &Howard, 2000)



行為忠誠:
消費者購買行為、消費頻率等。
(Homburg & Giering, 2001)
在觀眾關係裡通常是:
主客場出席、季票持有、額外在球隊上的花費、是否參與
延長賽。



態度忠誠:是否回購、給予建議。



態度忠誠會被加到行為忠誠裡討論,以辨認出整體的忠誠
度
消費者滿意度


本論文的消費者滿意度分為兩種(Anderson, Fomell,
&Lehmann, 1994):



整體滿意度:
消費者和該組織之間所有遭遇和經驗累積。
(Bitner & Hubbert, 1994)
在觀眾關係裡通常是:
所有過去的比賽出席或觀看的時間(例如一個特定
的賽季)



特定交易的滿意度:
特定交易的滿意度是涉及一個特定的服務(可能是
一某一場特定的比賽情境中的觀眾關係。)
球隊認同度


球隊認同度是以運動迷身份的角度輔以社會心理學
中社會認同的框架概念。 (Abrams & Hogg等人,
2004)



社會認同:
一個體了解到他屬於特定的社會群體,同時也感受
到該群體成員帶給他的情感和價值意義。



球隊認同度:
在某種程度上,參與球隊,且球隊的表現被關注,
並認為自己是球隊的一份子。
研究架構


本論文將設計出五種模型(a~e),這些模型由
球隊認同度
消費者忠誠度(行為、 態度)
消費者滿意度(或特定滿意度)所組成



忠誠度部分將視模型而定討論
行為忠誠或態度忠誠。


模型a

特定交易滿意度
Transaction specific
satisfaction

球隊認同度
Team Identification

行為忠誠
Behavioral Loyalty

態度忠誠
Attitudinal Loyalty
 模型b

特定交易滿意度
Transaction specific
satisfaction

球隊認同度
Team Identification

態度忠誠
Attitudinal Loyalty
 模型c

行為忠誠
Behavioral Loyalty

球隊認同度
Team Identification

態度忠誠
Attitudinal Loyalty
 模型d

球隊認同度
Team Identification

特定交易
滿意度
Transaction
specific
satisfaction

態度忠誠
Attitudinal
Loyalty
 模型e

球隊認同度
Team Identification

行為忠誠
Behavioral
Loyalty

態度忠誠
Attitudinal
Loyalty
調查問題

調查滿意度:
我很滿意這場比賽
我覺得看這場比賽是對的
我覺得看這場比賽是不開心的
 調查球隊認同度:
你最喜愛的球隊贏球,對你來說有多重要?
你是否經常將你最愛球隊的logo,放在你的生活周遭?
 消費者忠誠度:
行為:是否有意出席接下來的某一場比賽。
是否有意出席下一場最愛球隊的比賽。
態度:觀眾支持時間的多寡(以年為單位)
消費者在主客場出席的平均數量
一年在電視上觀賞比賽的數量

研究結果


特定交易滿意度在態度忠誠裡展現了主宰力。
此結果在一般服務業裡也被證實( Jones & Suh,
2000)。



定期參加主場比賽的數量被稱為主場忠誠
(Charleston, 2009),是一個對於特定球隊忠誠度的
重要驅動力。
若以環境心理學而言,是球迷與其支持球隊存在著
的一種連結,稱為“主場象徵”。



球隊認同度代表著觀眾心理與特定的球隊有相連結。


球隊認同度也影響著更多球迷,去參加的是
“喜愛球隊”的下一場比賽
而不是 另一場“普通”的 比賽



球隊認同可預測被擴充到較不受歡迎的運動(例如
冰球),球迷會因為有同樣處於著較不受歡迎運動
的同理心,而不會刻意敵視敵隊(但數據顯示並不
是)。



當消費者感到滿意,他們在該隊裡發展出他們自己
的認同,產生對球隊的正向效果。
這個觀點是與社會認同一致的。






以觀眾關係而言,球隊認同是一項特定比賽的滿意
度(即特定交易的滿意度)。
每年出席主場比賽(行為忠誠)將會影響球隊認同,也
對態度忠誠有正面影響。
這也將會增加球隊管理階層認同度與並觸發組織有
更正面的成果。

每年都參加主場比賽的高認同度球迷,參加下一場
比賽的數量,反而會減少。
原因是當下一場可能是客場時,儘管他們很規律的
參加主場比賽(一年約13場主場),但面對客場比
賽他們也不一定會想參加。
未來發展方向


會員與非會員的關係。
例如:全季、半季票擁有者、單場購票。



消費者參予的定義是滿意度和回購的忠誠度的中介
角色(Olsen,2007),但也可視觀眾情境關係而定。
例如:消費者自身的表達能力、參與程度、球隊認
同程度。



球隊的管理階層應該開發可使球隊認同更高的服務
來得到更多忠實的消費者。
例如:開放更多股權吸引投資者建立。
Thank you ~

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

陳瑞浩 消費者滿意度與球隊認同度之間的關係