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陳瑞浩 消費者滿意度與球隊認同度之間的關係
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陳瑞浩 消費者滿意度與球隊認同度之間的關係
1.
觀眾關係下的消費者忠誠度: 消費者滿意度與球隊認同度之間的關係 產經碩一 1020806 陳瑞浩
2.
簡報大綱 論文簡介 理論背景 研究架構 調查問題 研究結果 未來發展方向
3.
論文簡介 本研究背景建立在法國冰上曲棍球的觀眾調查。 主要在討論 消費者滿意度、 球隊認同度、 與消費者忠誠度三者的關係 雖然許多研究已調查消費者的滿意度,忠誠度、觀 眾關係服務的球隊認同度的關係,但同時研究這三 者之間相互關係的研究,卻非常少。
4.
理論背景 消費者的忠誠度被定義為二合一的概念,它同時收集態度 和行為層面。(Day, 1969; Dick
& Basu, 1994; Mahony, Madrigal, &Howard, 2000) 行為忠誠: 消費者購買行為、消費頻率等。 (Homburg & Giering, 2001) 在觀眾關係裡通常是: 主客場出席、季票持有、額外在球隊上的花費、是否參與 延長賽。 態度忠誠:是否回購、給予建議。 態度忠誠會被加到行為忠誠裡討論,以辨認出整體的忠誠 度
5.
消費者滿意度 本論文的消費者滿意度分為兩種(Anderson, Fomell, &Lehmann, 1994): 整體滿意度: 消費者和該組織之間所有遭遇和經驗累積。 (Bitner
& Hubbert, 1994) 在觀眾關係裡通常是: 所有過去的比賽出席或觀看的時間(例如一個特定 的賽季) 特定交易的滿意度: 特定交易的滿意度是涉及一個特定的服務(可能是 一某一場特定的比賽情境中的觀眾關係。)
6.
球隊認同度 球隊認同度是以運動迷身份的角度輔以社會心理學 中社會認同的框架概念。 (Abrams &
Hogg等人, 2004) 社會認同: 一個體了解到他屬於特定的社會群體,同時也感受 到該群體成員帶給他的情感和價值意義。 球隊認同度: 在某種程度上,參與球隊,且球隊的表現被關注, 並認為自己是球隊的一份子。
7.
研究架構 本論文將設計出五種模型(a~e),這些模型由 球隊認同度 消費者忠誠度(行為、 態度) 消費者滿意度(或特定滿意度)所組成 忠誠度部分將視模型而定討論 行為忠誠或態度忠誠。
8.
模型a 特定交易滿意度 Transaction specific satisfaction 球隊認同度 Team Identification 行為忠誠 Behavioral
Loyalty 態度忠誠 Attitudinal Loyalty
9.
模型b 特定交易滿意度 Transaction specific satisfaction 球隊認同度 Team
Identification 態度忠誠 Attitudinal Loyalty
10.
模型c 行為忠誠 Behavioral Loyalty 球隊認同度 Team
Identification 態度忠誠 Attitudinal Loyalty
11.
模型d 球隊認同度 Team Identification 特定交易 滿意度 Transaction specific satisfaction 態度忠誠 Attitudinal Loyalty
12.
模型e 球隊認同度 Team Identification 行為忠誠 Behavioral Loyalty 態度忠誠 Attitudinal Loyalty
13.
調查問題 調查滿意度: 我很滿意這場比賽 我覺得看這場比賽是對的 我覺得看這場比賽是不開心的 調查球隊認同度: 你最喜愛的球隊贏球,對你來說有多重要? 你是否經常將你最愛球隊的logo,放在你的生活周遭? 消費者忠誠度: 行為:是否有意出席接下來的某一場比賽。 是否有意出席下一場最愛球隊的比賽。 態度:觀眾支持時間的多寡(以年為單位) 消費者在主客場出席的平均數量 一年在電視上觀賞比賽的數量
14.
研究結果 特定交易滿意度在態度忠誠裡展現了主宰力。 此結果在一般服務業裡也被證實( Jones &
Suh, 2000)。 定期參加主場比賽的數量被稱為主場忠誠 (Charleston, 2009),是一個對於特定球隊忠誠度的 重要驅動力。 若以環境心理學而言,是球迷與其支持球隊存在著 的一種連結,稱為“主場象徵”。 球隊認同度代表著觀眾心理與特定的球隊有相連結。
15.
球隊認同度也影響著更多球迷,去參加的是 “喜愛球隊”的下一場比賽 而不是 另一場“普通”的 比賽 球隊認同可預測被擴充到較不受歡迎的運動(例如 冰球),球迷會因為有同樣處於著較不受歡迎運動 的同理心,而不會刻意敵視敵隊(但數據顯示並不 是)。 當消費者感到滿意,他們在該隊裡發展出他們自己 的認同,產生對球隊的正向效果。 這個觀點是與社會認同一致的。
16.
以觀眾關係而言,球隊認同是一項特定比賽的滿意 度(即特定交易的滿意度)。 每年出席主場比賽(行為忠誠)將會影響球隊認同,也 對態度忠誠有正面影響。 這也將會增加球隊管理階層認同度與並觸發組織有 更正面的成果。 每年都參加主場比賽的高認同度球迷,參加下一場 比賽的數量,反而會減少。 原因是當下一場可能是客場時,儘管他們很規律的 參加主場比賽(一年約13場主場),但面對客場比 賽他們也不一定會想參加。
17.
未來發展方向 會員與非會員的關係。 例如:全季、半季票擁有者、單場購票。 消費者參予的定義是滿意度和回購的忠誠度的中介 角色(Olsen,2007),但也可視觀眾情境關係而定。 例如:消費者自身的表達能力、參與程度、球隊認 同程度。 球隊的管理階層應該開發可使球隊認同更高的服務 來得到更多忠實的消費者。 例如:開放更多股權吸引投資者建立。
18.
Thank you ~
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