The document discusses the endodermal derivatives in the human embryo. It begins by describing the major endoderm-derived structures, which include the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver and pancreas, and respiratory system from the alveoli to the larynx. It then provides more details on the development of specific endoderm-derived organs, such as the liver forming from the endoderm near the heart and producing blood cells and albumin in the embryo, and the pancreas forming from outpouchings of the embryonic gut. The document concludes by discussing the derivatives of the pharyngeal pouches, including structures like the thyroid, parathyroids, and thymus.

1. The Endodermal Derivatives
PJT Denusta, PhD
Biology Department
College of Arts and Sciences
West Visayas State University

2. http://images.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=frog%20embryo%20endoderm&imgurl=http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/XScolo
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3. http://images.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=endoderm&imgurl=http://chickscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/explore/embryology/day04/graphics/4focuson.jpg&imgrefurl
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4. http://images.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=chick%20embryo%20endoderm&imgurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/picrender.fcgi%3F
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5. http://images.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=endoderm&imgurl=http://chickscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/explore/embryology/day04/graphics/4focuson.jpg&imgrefurl
=http://chickscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/explore/embryology/day04/4Focuson_1.html&usg=__gCQ8m4hvYa3fSTK7dj976Lhap5c=&h=333&w=300&sz=14&hl=en
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8. http://images.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=endoderm&imgurl=http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Movies/larsen/endoderm.jpg&i
mgrefurl=http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Medicine/BGDAfaq.htm&usg=__dLtEChY1TvkQyI41CE5fBeAA5sE=&h=262&w=
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11. http://www.gamalei.net/syaffolee/embryo1.jpg

12. http://isc.temple.edu/marino/embryology/parch98/ARCHI97/Img004.gif
-Pharynx
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-duodenum
-Liver and pancreas
-Respiratory system
(alveoli to larynx)

13. http://isc.temple.edu/marino/embryology/parch98/ARCHI97/Img004.gif
The Pharynx

16. http://images.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=derivatives%20of%20pharyngeal%20pouches&imgurl=http://www.pathology.vcu.edu/
education/endocrine/images/2-
1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pathology.vcu.edu/education/endocrine/lab2.a.html&usg=__qbY6UtdvdTLEcUtjmzVrtU2aqAs=&h=
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17. Derivatives of the pharynx
 From floor - thyroid and tongue
 From the pouches
– Eustachian tube to middle ear-from 1st pouches
– Palatine tonsils-from 2nd pouches
– Thymus-from 3rd and 4th pouches
– Parathyroids-from 3rd and 4th pouches
– Ultimobranchial bodies-from 5th pouches
Remember cells that fill up thymus, thyroid,
parathyroid and ultimobranchials are from neural
crest (rhombomeres)

18. http://www.bartleby.com/107/Images/large/image979.gif

19. www.med.unc.edu/.../nerv_htms/nerv016a.htm
How about Rathke’s pouch ?

20. The Digestive
Tube and Its
Derivatives

24. Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder

26. http://www.ehponline.org/members/200
0/suppl-3/555-561sadler/fig8.jpg
Formation of the Pancreas

27. Development of Liver
 Whole length of digestive tube has capability to
form liver as assayed by ability to produce alpha
fetoprotein and albumin
 Notochord inhibits the liver forming capability
 Heart mesenchyme FGF blocks the effect of
notochord allowing liver to form near heart
 Liver cords are formed from endoderm
 Sinusoids are from vitelline veins

30. Some fetal functions of the liver
 Produces blood formed elements
 Produces urea
 Produces albumin

36. Generating Functional Pancreatic β Cells

38. The Gallbladder
http://connection.lww.com/Products/sadler/images/figurelarge13-4.jpg

40. The Respiratory Tube

44. http://www.embryology.ch/images/rrespiratory/01phasen/
r1l_ueberblick_airway.gif

46. End

48. http://images.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=endoderm&imgurl=http://chickscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/explore/embryology/day04/graphics/4focuson.jpg&imgrefurl=ht
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url=http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/ntfrogXS.htm&usg=__kRwi00TkMIWskrHLo8-
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51. http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/notes/images/endo/dev-rabbit-pituitary.jpg
stomodeum

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