This document appears to be metadata for "The Large Tolkovy Slovar of the Russian Language" by L.I. Skvortsov. It contains information such as the publisher, date of publication, ISBN numbers, and subject headings. The dictionary contains over 8,000 entries and is intended to be a comprehensive authoritative reference for the Russian language. It describes changes in language norms and includes examples from Russian literature.
The document provides information about candidates for the degree of Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences at the Kharkiv National University named after Gorky. It lists 13 candidates, their advisors, dissertation topics, and recommends awarding the degree to one of the candidates. The document was prepared for review by the Academic Council of the Institute of Psychology at Kharkiv National University named after Gorky.
The document provides a list of websites related to Islamic teachings and topics. It includes the website addresses and brief descriptions of each site in Arabic. Some of the sites listed include www.aqeedeh.com, www.islamtape.com, and www.nourtv.net. The document also contains chapter headings and page numbers in Arabic.
The document discusses various topics related to education and learning. It outlines different levels or types of education, from primary education through university-level degrees. It also lists several subject areas that are part of the educational curriculum.
Lights of the contemporary linguistic studiesnumannn
The document discusses several topics related to education including a class schedule, assignments, and exams. It lists the names of assignments and exams and provides some details about course content and expectations. Key terms mentioned include education, assignments, exams, and schedule.
The document discusses several topics including education, politics, and society. It lists eight points about education reforms and challenges faced. It also mentions the importance of teaching modern skills and promoting social values.
Наукові записки інституту політичних і етнонаціональних досліджень Політичний...Лена Пономаренко
This document contains the proceedings from a scientific conference on political regimes held at the Institute of Ethno-National Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on April 4, 2012. It includes articles from doctors and candidates of political science and history discussing various aspects of political regimes, including their theoretical models, criteria for classification, and transformation in the context of Aristotelian tradition. The proceedings were recommended for publication by the Institute.
Bay Lodge is a boutique hotel located in Daroun, Lebanon along the Harissa highway. It offers suites with panoramic views of the Mediterranean coast. The rooms feature amenities like in-room jacuzzis, free WiFi, and minibars. Nearby attractions include beaches and nightlife in Jounieh, and Beirut is a 20-minute drive away. The hotel aims to provide a relaxing escape for guests.
كتاب دراسات في_تعليم_القراءة_بمراحل_التعليم_العامفوزية الوهابية
The document discusses improving education quality through strengthening teacher training programs. It talks about providing better training to teachers on teaching methods, educational content, and student evaluation. The goal is to ultimately enhance the learning experience for students.
The document provides information about candidates for the degree of Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences at the Kharkiv National University named after Gorky. It lists 13 candidates, their advisors, dissertation topics, and recommends awarding the degree to one of the candidates. The document was prepared for review by the Academic Council of the Institute of Psychology at Kharkiv National University named after Gorky.
The document provides a list of websites related to Islamic teachings and topics. It includes the website addresses and brief descriptions of each site in Arabic. Some of the sites listed include www.aqeedeh.com, www.islamtape.com, and www.nourtv.net. The document also contains chapter headings and page numbers in Arabic.
The document discusses various topics related to education and learning. It outlines different levels or types of education, from primary education through university-level degrees. It also lists several subject areas that are part of the educational curriculum.
Lights of the contemporary linguistic studiesnumannn
The document discusses several topics related to education including a class schedule, assignments, and exams. It lists the names of assignments and exams and provides some details about course content and expectations. Key terms mentioned include education, assignments, exams, and schedule.
The document discusses several topics including education, politics, and society. It lists eight points about education reforms and challenges faced. It also mentions the importance of teaching modern skills and promoting social values.
Наукові записки інституту політичних і етнонаціональних досліджень Політичний...Лена Пономаренко
This document contains the proceedings from a scientific conference on political regimes held at the Institute of Ethno-National Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on April 4, 2012. It includes articles from doctors and candidates of political science and history discussing various aspects of political regimes, including their theoretical models, criteria for classification, and transformation in the context of Aristotelian tradition. The proceedings were recommended for publication by the Institute.
Bay Lodge is a boutique hotel located in Daroun, Lebanon along the Harissa highway. It offers suites with panoramic views of the Mediterranean coast. The rooms feature amenities like in-room jacuzzis, free WiFi, and minibars. Nearby attractions include beaches and nightlife in Jounieh, and Beirut is a 20-minute drive away. The hotel aims to provide a relaxing escape for guests.
كتاب دراسات في_تعليم_القراءة_بمراحل_التعليم_العامفوزية الوهابية
The document discusses improving education quality through strengthening teacher training programs. It talks about providing better training to teachers on teaching methods, educational content, and student evaluation. The goal is to ultimately enhance the learning experience for students.
Compal Communications shares fell due to concerns over HP discontinuing its WebOS hardware business. However, the analyst believes this exaggerates the impact on Compal since it has limited exposure to HP/WebOS and has reallocated resources to other projects like Windows Phone.
The analyst reiterates a Buy rating based on Compal's opportunity as the sole ODM partner for Nokia's Windows Phone smartphones. Near-term catalysts include expected sales increases in August-December as new models launch. Upside to the 12-month price target of NT$50 is based on turnaround potential from Nokia's Windows Phone platform.
Risks include market acceptance of Nokia's Windows Phone strategy and outsourcing approach.
The document introduces a student who describes themselves as good, their family of three people, their school Shinmin which they say is good, their many nice friends, and their hobby of playing on the computer.
8085microprocessorarchitectureppt 121013115356-phpapp02John Eduard Cariño
The document describes the architecture of microprocessors, specifically the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the address bus, data bus, and control bus used by the 8085. It explains how the microprocessor accesses memory locations and performs read and write operations. It also describes the internal architecture of the microprocessor including registers like the program counter and stack pointer.
Mussolini and his fascist groups gained power in Italy in 1922 when the king asked Mussolini to form a government after the fascist's threatened march on Rome. Violent fascist groups had formed after World War 1 in response to socialism and a weak government, and were supported by industrialists and landowners hoping to prevent socialist control, allowing Mussolini and the fascists to seize control of the national government.
Quantum Composers now provides board level digital delay pulse generators. The 8000 series board products retain all functionality of the standard pulse generators in an easy to integrate package. These boards provide a cost-effective method to create and synchronize multiple sequences, delayed triggering, or any precisely timed series of events. We offer computer interfaces for ease of programming and full integration support.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan tiga jenis minyak nabati yaitu minyak kedelai, kacang tanah, dan kelapa terhadap efikasi cendawan Lecanicillium lecanii dalam mengendalikan telur hama kepik coklat pada tanaman kedelai. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ketiga minyak nabati tersebut mampu mempertahankan efikasi cendawan L. lecanii dari sinar matahari den
The document presents a series of creations made by human hands including those made with sand, plants, and ice, set to the tune of Ave Maria. It encourages the reader to enjoy man's creations and then concludes with "THE END".
The document discusses leadership, including the forms and structures of leadership. It covers topics like the types of leadership, functions of leaders, dominance and submission of leaders, fields of leadership, privileges and liabilities of leaders, and types of leaders. The intended audience includes students, teachers and specialists interested in leadership and management.
This document summarizes the Mongolia Country Report on the 5th International Conference on Natural Resources Development. It discusses Mongolia's natural resources, including minerals, forests, water resources and the environment. It also examines Mongolia's sustainable development goals and green development strategy, as well as policies and plans for natural resource management.
The document discusses strategies for developing a balanced scorecard system for a business. It describes the key elements of a balanced scorecard, including financial measures, customer perspectives, internal business processes, learning and growth. It emphasizes integrating strategies across these areas and using the balanced scorecard for communication and strategic management. Developing cause-and-effect relationships between objectives and selecting relevant performance indicators are important aspects of creating an effective balanced scorecard system for a company.
This document provides an overview of several topics related to Mongolian language and culture, including:
1. Phonology and orthography of the Mongolian alphabet.
2. Different dialects of the Mongolian language.
3. Traditional Mongolian script and transition to Cyrillic alphabet.
It discusses phonetic rules, differences between dialects, and history of writing systems in Mongolia with some comparative analysis between regions and over time.
Compal Communications shares fell due to concerns over HP discontinuing its WebOS hardware business. However, the analyst believes this exaggerates the impact on Compal since it has limited exposure to HP/WebOS and has reallocated resources to other projects like Windows Phone.
The analyst reiterates a Buy rating based on Compal's opportunity as the sole ODM partner for Nokia's Windows Phone smartphones. Near-term catalysts include expected sales increases in August-December as new models launch. Upside to the 12-month price target of NT$50 is based on turnaround potential from Nokia's Windows Phone platform.
Risks include market acceptance of Nokia's Windows Phone strategy and outsourcing approach.
The document introduces a student who describes themselves as good, their family of three people, their school Shinmin which they say is good, their many nice friends, and their hobby of playing on the computer.
8085microprocessorarchitectureppt 121013115356-phpapp02John Eduard Cariño
The document describes the architecture of microprocessors, specifically the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the address bus, data bus, and control bus used by the 8085. It explains how the microprocessor accesses memory locations and performs read and write operations. It also describes the internal architecture of the microprocessor including registers like the program counter and stack pointer.
Mussolini and his fascist groups gained power in Italy in 1922 when the king asked Mussolini to form a government after the fascist's threatened march on Rome. Violent fascist groups had formed after World War 1 in response to socialism and a weak government, and were supported by industrialists and landowners hoping to prevent socialist control, allowing Mussolini and the fascists to seize control of the national government.
Quantum Composers now provides board level digital delay pulse generators. The 8000 series board products retain all functionality of the standard pulse generators in an easy to integrate package. These boards provide a cost-effective method to create and synchronize multiple sequences, delayed triggering, or any precisely timed series of events. We offer computer interfaces for ease of programming and full integration support.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan tiga jenis minyak nabati yaitu minyak kedelai, kacang tanah, dan kelapa terhadap efikasi cendawan Lecanicillium lecanii dalam mengendalikan telur hama kepik coklat pada tanaman kedelai. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ketiga minyak nabati tersebut mampu mempertahankan efikasi cendawan L. lecanii dari sinar matahari den
The document presents a series of creations made by human hands including those made with sand, plants, and ice, set to the tune of Ave Maria. It encourages the reader to enjoy man's creations and then concludes with "THE END".
The document discusses leadership, including the forms and structures of leadership. It covers topics like the types of leadership, functions of leaders, dominance and submission of leaders, fields of leadership, privileges and liabilities of leaders, and types of leaders. The intended audience includes students, teachers and specialists interested in leadership and management.
This document summarizes the Mongolia Country Report on the 5th International Conference on Natural Resources Development. It discusses Mongolia's natural resources, including minerals, forests, water resources and the environment. It also examines Mongolia's sustainable development goals and green development strategy, as well as policies and plans for natural resource management.
The document discusses strategies for developing a balanced scorecard system for a business. It describes the key elements of a balanced scorecard, including financial measures, customer perspectives, internal business processes, learning and growth. It emphasizes integrating strategies across these areas and using the balanced scorecard for communication and strategic management. Developing cause-and-effect relationships between objectives and selecting relevant performance indicators are important aspects of creating an effective balanced scorecard system for a company.
This document provides an overview of several topics related to Mongolian language and culture, including:
1. Phonology and orthography of the Mongolian alphabet.
2. Different dialects of the Mongolian language.
3. Traditional Mongolian script and transition to Cyrillic alphabet.
It discusses phonetic rules, differences between dialects, and history of writing systems in Mongolia with some comparative analysis between regions and over time.
This document provides an overview and introduction to techniques for writing secure code. It discusses common programming languages like C/C++ and Java that are often used to write applications. It also describes methods for avoiding vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and ensuring code is free from errors. The document aims to educate programmers on secure coding best practices.
The document provides a biography of Chun Tae-il in 3 paragraphs. It details his birthdate and place in 2490, his education from 2503-2513, and his career as a writer from 2520 onwards focusing on documenting Korean folktales and history.
1. The document discusses the development of a software project using Test-Driven Development (TDD).
2. It describes some of the challenges faced in the project, including lack of requirements documentation and an incomplete design.
3. The document suggests changes need to be made to the project's design and requirements to address these issues and ensure the project can be properly managed and completed.
ВІДГУК
на оглядовий реферат аспіранта
Інституту Теоретичної Фізики ім. Боголюбова
Халченкова Олександра Вікторовича
Рецензований реферат відповідає науковій спеціальності
01.04.02 –теоретична фізика
В рефераті висвітленні базові принципи простору Фока-Баргмання та метод побудови термодинамічних функцій з використанням особливостей цього простору. Розглянуті питання і матеріали є актуальними і будуть використані у подальшій науково-дослідній роботі аспіранта.
Реферат виконано на належному науковому рівні. Його автор заслуговує на позитивну оцінку.
Рецензент:
Доктор фіз.-мат. наук,
Професор Філіппов Г.Ф.
Σύγχρονες διδακτικές προσεγγίσεις για την ανάπτυξη κριτικής - δημιουργικής σκ...diatrofi
The document appears to be a book or paper on education. It discusses synchronized digital teaching programs and categories of teaching programs related to developing critical thinking and democratic skills. It provides the title, sections, and some excerpted content in both Latin and Greek scripts.
The document provides information about the Honda VT750C motorcycle. It describes the vehicle's features such as its maximum load capacity and suitability for road use. It also notes that Honda Motor Co., Ltd. aims to continuously improve its products and meet customer needs. The document encourages readers to contact an authorized Honda dealer for any additional information or service needs regarding the vehicle.
The document discusses the relationship between France and Germany. It notes their long history together and cooperation in recent decades. However, it also mentions some tensions, such as different views on economic issues. Overall it seems the two countries have built strong ties but still have some differences to reconcile.
This document is a collection of passages about mathematics and mathematical concepts. It discusses topics like calculus, geometry, algebra, and theoretical mathematics. Many famous mathematicians are mentioned like Newton, Laplace, Gauss, Hilbert, Cartan, and von Neumann. The development of mathematics as a field is outlined, from its foundations in calculus and geometry to modern abstract mathematics.
The document discusses environmental protection plans and policies in Algeria. It outlines Algeria's National Environmental Action Plans from 1996 and 2002, as well as other internal emergency response plans. Acronyms are also defined for various Algerian and French organizations, publications, and initiatives related to environmental law and management.
كتاب دراسات في_تعليم_القراءة_بمراحل_التعليم_العامفوزية الوهابية
The document discusses improving education quality through strengthening teacher training programs. It talks about providing better training to teachers on teaching methods, educational content, and student evaluation. The goal is to ultimately enhance the learning experience for students.
Timur Aiotv about Carders and Bank Plastic Cards in RussiaTimur AITOV
The document discusses the Russian credit card market. It notes that in 2006, credit card use began growing rapidly at an annual rate of 35%, with total credit card debt reaching 103.5 billion rubles by 2008. However, the overall number of credit cards per capita remains low compared to developed countries. The introduction of new universal credit cards and expanded bank lending are helping drive further market growth and modernization of Russia's financial system.
The document discusses a conversation between two individuals. One person expresses frustration with the current situation, saying change is needed. The other responds by acknowledging the issues but urging patience, as positive change takes time. They agree the ultimate goal is to improve conditions for all.
The document discusses a conversation between two individuals. One person expresses frustration with the current situation, saying change is needed. The other responds by acknowledging the issues but urging patience, as positive change takes time. They agree the ultimate goal is to improve conditions for all.
The document discusses a conversation between two individuals. One person expresses frustration with modern society and longs for a return to tradition. The other responds by acknowledging some valid points but also pushing back by highlighting aspects of modernity that have improved life. The discussion touches on topics like technology, social media, and changes over time.
The document provides safety instructions for using an Electrolux ceramic cooktop, noting important warnings about keeping the product away from children and maintaining the cooktop to ensure safe operation. Proper use and maintenance tips are outlined to help users safely operate the appliance and troubleshoot any issues. Users are advised to carefully read and follow all instructions to properly and safely use the ceramic cooktop.
التاويل منهج الاستنباط الشيخ أحمد البحرانيa7midoHMA
The document appears to be a thesis or research paper written in Arabic. It contains the typical sections such as an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. It discusses several topics related to education and includes references and contact information for the author.
Similar to большой толковый словарь правильной русской речи. 8000 слов и выражений (20)
8. åå ñîõðàíåíèè è ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèè — ÷àñòü ðîâîé, î÷èùåííîé îò ðàçíîãî ðîäà «âðåäíûõîáùåé êóëüòóðû êàæäîãî èç íàñ, îäíî èç óñ- ïðèìåñåé». Ïîâûøåíèå ðå÷åâîé êóëüòóðûëîâèé ïîâûøåíèÿ êóëüòóðû íàðîäà, íàöèè. ïðèîáðåòàåò íðàâñòâåííûé, îáùåêóëüòóðíûé íåïðîñòûõ ñîâðåìåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ îáðàçöî- è âîñïèòàòåëüíûé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèéâûé ëèòåðàòóðíûé ÿçûê ïðîäîëæàåò îñòà- ( ë è í ã â î ý ê î ë î ã è ÷ å ñ ê è é) õàðàêòåð. Öå-âàòüñÿ äëÿ íàñ è íðàâñòâåííûì îðèåíòèðîì, ëÿìè ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêîé ýêîëîãèè ÿâëÿþòñÿè, âîçìîæíî, òîé ñàìîé èñêîìîé îáùåíàöèî- êàê ñàì ëèòåðàòóðíûé ÿçûê (â åãî ïðîøëîì èíàëüíîé èäååé, î êîòîðîé òàê ìíîãî ãîâîðèò- íàñòîÿùåì), òàê è ãîâîðÿùèå è ïèøóùèå íàñÿ â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû. íåì, òî åñòü íîñèòåëè ÿçûêà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì,  ñîâðåìåííîì ðóññêîì ëèòåðàòóðíîì ÿçû- ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î ëèíãâîýêîëîãè÷åñêîì âîñ-êå, êàê è âî âñÿêîì æèâîì, ðàçâèâàþùåìñÿ ïèòàíèè ë è ÷ í î ñ ò è. Êàæäûé èç íàñ â îòâå-ÿçûêå, ïðîèñõîäèò èíòåíñèâíîå ñáëèæåíèå òå çà çäîðîâüå ÿçûêîâîé ñðåäû, êîòîðóþ ìûòðàäèöèîííî-êíèæíûõ ñðåäñòâ âûðàæåíèÿ ñ äîëæíû ñîõðàíèòü äëÿ íîâûõ ïîêîëåíèé âîáèõîäíî-ðàçãîâîðíîé ñòèõèåé, ñ ñîöèàëüíû- ÷èñòîòå, â òâîð÷åñêîì îáíîâëåíèè è áîãàòñòâåìè äèàëåêòàìè è òåððèòîðèàëüíûìè ãîâîðà- íàêîïëåííûõ òðàäèöèé.ìè â èõ ñîâðåìåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè. Âûñîêàÿ êóëüòóðà ÿçûêà, ÿðêàÿ è âûðàçè- Îäíàêî èçâåñòíîå «ðàñêðåïîùåíèå» è îá- òåëüíàÿ ïîâñåäíåâíàÿ ðå÷ü âìåñòå ñ õóäîæåñò-íîâëåíèå ëèòåðàòóðíûõ íîðì íå äîëæíî ïðè- âåííîé ëèòåðàòóðîé ïðîøëîãî è íàñòîÿùåãîâîäèòü ê èõ ðàçðóøåíèþ, ê ñòèëèñòè÷åñêîìó (â ëó÷øèõ åå îáðàçöàõ), ñ îáùåñòâåííîé ìûñ-ñíèæåíèþ ñàìîé ðå÷è è ê îáùåé åå âóëüãàðè- ëüþ, íàóêîé, ýêîíîìèêîé, âñåìè âèäàìè èñ-çàöèè, çàñîðåíèþ íåíóæíîé «èíîñòðàíùè- êóññòâà — äåéñòâåííûé èíñòðóìåíò êóëüòóð-íîé». íîãî è äóõîâíîãî îáóñòðîéñòâà â íàøåì äîìå,  ýòèõ óñëîâèÿõ íîðìàòèâíîñòü, ïðàâèëü- âîçðîæäåíèÿ âåëèêîé Ðîññèè, óêðåïëåíèÿíîñòü, ñòèëèñòè÷åñêàÿ âûñîòà è òî÷íîñòü, ïðàâà åå íàðîäîâ èãðàòü, êàê è ïðåæäå, çà-óìåëàÿ çàáîòà î ðîäíîì ÿçûêå ïðèîáðåòàþò ìåòíóþ è âñå âîçðàñòàþùóþ ðîëü â ñîâðåìåí-îñîáîå çíà÷åíèå.  ýïîõó íîâåéøèõ òåõíîëî- íîì äèíàìè÷åñêè èçìåíÿþùåìñÿ ìèðå, âñòó-ãèé, âñåîáùåé è ïîëíîé êîìïüþòåðèçàöèè, ïèâøåì â ñâîå òðåòüå òûñÿ÷åëåòèå.øèðîêîãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ òåëå- è âèäåîòåõ-íèêè è äðóãèõ äîñòèæåíèé ñîâðåìåííîé öè- * * *âèëèçàöèè ãëóáîêîå çíàíèå ðîäíîãî ÿçûêà,óìåëîå âëàäåíèå åãî ëèòåðàòóðíûìè íîðìàìè  íàñòîÿùåì èçäàíèè èñïðàâëåíû çàìå-îáÿçàòåëüíî äëÿ âñÿêîãî îáðàçîâàííîãî ÷åëî- ÷åííûå îïå÷àòêè è òåõíè÷åñêèå îãðåõè; óñò-âåêà. ðàíåí íåêîòîðûé ðàçíîáîé â èñïîëüçîâàíèè Ï ð à â è ë ü í î ñ ò ü ðå÷è — ôóíäàìåíò ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ ïîìåò, à òàêæå âíåñåíû ïî-ÿçûêîâîé êóëüòóðû; áåç íåå íåò è íå ìîæåò ïðàâêè â Ñïèñîê îñíîâíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ.áûòü ëèòåðàòóðíîãî õóäîæåñòâåííîãî ì à ñ - Ñîñòàâèòåëü ñåðäå÷íî áëàãîäàðèò àâòîðîâò å ð ñ ò â à, è ñ ê ó ñ ñ ò â à æèâîãî è ïèñüìåí- îïóáëèêîâàííûõ ðåöåíçèé è óñòíûõ îòçûâîâíîãî ñëîâà âî âñåé åãî âûðàçèòåëüíîñòè è îá- î Ñëîâàðå. Îñîáàÿ íàøà áëàãîäàðíîñòüðàçíîñòè. À. À. Áðàãèíîé, Í. Â. Øåâöîâó, Þ. Ô. Õàó- Íî ðå÷åâàÿ (ÿçûêîâàÿ) ïðàâèëüíîñòü èìååò ñòîâîé è È. À. Ðåôîðìàòñêîìó, ÷üè çàìå÷à-è áîëåå øèðîêèé ñìûñë. Íàøà ïîâñåäíåâíàÿ íèÿ è ïîæåëàíèÿ áåçóñëîâíî áóäóò ñïîñîáñò-«ñ ð å ä à ñ ó ù å ñ ò â î â à í è ÿ» (â òîì ÷èñëå è âîâàòü ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ Ñëîâàðÿ â åãî íî-ñðåäà ÿçûêîâàÿ, äóõîâíàÿ) äîëæíà áûòü çäî- âûõ èçäàíèÿõ.
9. ÇÀÄÀ×È ÑËÎÂÀÐß È ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÛ ÅÃÎ ÑÎÑÒÀÂËÅÍÈß ÈÑÒÎÐÈß ÂÎÏÐÎÑÀ ïðàâèëüíîñòåé» â ïîäëèííîì ñìûñëå ñëîâà; äðóãèå æå ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîé áîëåå èëè ìå- Èñòîðèÿ ðóññêèõ «ñëîâàðåé ïðàâèëüíî- íåå îòðûâî÷íûå ìàòåðèàëû, ñâÿçàííûå ññòåé» îòíîñèòñÿ ê 30-ì ãîäàì XIX âåêà.  óïîòðåáëåíèåì íîâûõ ñëîâ (íåîëîãèçìîâ),1839 ãîäó â Ïåòåðáóðãå âûøëî 1-å èçäàíèå èíîÿçû÷íûõ çàèìñòâîâàíèé, âàðèàíòíûõíåáîëüøîé êíèæå÷êè «Ñïðàâî÷íîå ìåñòî ðóñ- ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ ôîðì è ò.ï.ñêîãî ñëîâà» À. Í. Ãðå÷à (áåç óêàçàíèÿ èìåíè Ïî îáúåìó ýòè ñëîâàðè áûëè íåáîëüøèìè:àâòîðà); áåç ñóùåñòâåííûõ èçìåíåíèé, ñ íå- 400—600 ñëîâ. Ìíîãèå èç íèõ íîñèëè ó÷åá-áîëüøèìè ïîïðàâêàìè è äîïîëíåíèÿìè îíà íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêèé õàðàêòåð. Òàê, êíèãàáûëà âûïóùåíà â 1843 ãîäó (ñ îáîçíà÷åíèåì Ê. Ï. Çåëåíåöêîãî áûëà èçäàíà «ïî ðàñïîðÿ-àâòîðà).  1855 ãîäó ïðîô. Ê. Ï. Çåëåíåöêèé æåíèþ ïîïå÷èòåëÿ Îäåññêîãî ó÷åáíîãî îêðó-èçäàë â Îäåññå ïîñîáèå «Î ðóññêîì ÿçûêå â ãà». Ñëîâàðü Â. È. Äîëîï÷åâà óæå â 1-ì èçäà-Íîâîðîññèéñêîì êðàå». Ê 1889 ãîäó îòíîñèò- íèè áûë ðåêîìåíäîâàí Ìèíèñòåðñòâîì ïðî-ñÿ íåáîëüøîå èçäàíèå: À. Á. «Îò÷åãî? Çà÷åì? ñâåùåíèÿ â êà÷åñòâå ó÷åáíîãî ïîñîáèÿ äëÿÏî÷åìó? Îñêóäåíèå è èñêàæåíèå ðóññêîé ðå- ñðåäíèõ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé. ×òî êàñàåòñÿ÷è» (ÑÏá.). Ñëîâàðÿ È. È. Îãèåíêî, òî îí â ïîäçàãîëîâêå  1890 ã. èçäàåòñÿ áðîøþðà Í. Ã. «Íåïðà- èìåíîâàëñÿ òàê: «Ïîñîáèå ïî ñòèëèñòèêå ðóñ-âèëüíîñòè â ñîâðåìåííîì ðàçãîâîðíîì, ïèñü- ñêîé ðå÷è äëÿ ó÷àùèõñÿ è ñàìîîáðàçîâàíèÿ».ìåííîì è êíèæíîì ðóññêîì ÿçûêå» (ÑÏá.). Ê Ñëîâàðè ïðàâèëüíîñòåé ðóññêîé ðå÷èýòèì èçäàíèÿì ïðèìûêàåò ðàáîòà È. Ì. Íè- XIX — íà÷. XX âåêà ïðåäñòàâëÿþò èíòåðåñ âêîëè÷à «Íåïðàâèëüíîñòè â âûðàæåíèÿõ, äî- ðàçëè÷íûõ îòíîøåíèÿõ.  íèõ íàõîäèò, â ÷à-ïóñêàåìûå â ñîâðåìåííîé ïå÷àòè», îïóáëèêî- ñòíîñòè, îòðàæåíèå îáùåðóññêîå ïðîñòîðå÷èåâàííàÿ â «Ôèëîëîãè÷åñêèõ çàïèñêàõ» (1877, XIX âåêà, óçóñ (îáû÷àé) îáùåíèÿ, âëèÿþùèéâûï. I). íà ñèñòåìó ëèòåðàòóðíûõ íîðì. Êîíêðåòíûé  1886 ãîäó 1-ì èçäàíèåì â Îäåññå è â ÿçûêîâîé ìàòåðèàë, âûâîäèìûé çà ïðåäåëû1909 ãîäó 2-ì èçäàíèåì â Âàðøàâå âûõîäèò íîðìàòèâíîñòè, ìîã èìåòü äîñòàòî÷íî áîëü-êíèãà Â. È. Äîëîï÷åâà «Îïûò ñëîâàðÿ íåïðà- øîé «ñòàæ» áûòîâàíèÿ â îáèõîäíî-ðàçãîâîð-âèëüíîñòåé ðóññêîé ðàçãîâîðíîé ðå÷è (ïðå- íîé ðå÷è. Ñì., íàïðèìåð, â ñëîâàðÿõèìóùåñòâåííî â Þæíîé Ðóñè)». Ñ 1911 ïî Â. È. Äîëîï÷åâà è È. È. Îãèåíêî: àô¸ðà (âì.1915 ã. âûõîäÿò ÷åòûðå èçäàíèÿ êíèãè àôåðà), ëîæèòü, áëàãîäàðÿ ÷åãî è ñîãëàñíî ÷å-È. È. Îãèåíêî «Ñëîâàðü íåïðàâèëüíûõ, òðóä- ãî (ñ ðîä. ïàä.), äîêóìåíò, èíñòðóìåíò, ïàð-íûõ è ñîìíèòåëüíûõ ñëîâ, ñèíîíèìîâ è âûðà- òåð, îäåòü (âì. íàäåòü ÷òî) è ìí. äð.æåíèé â ðóññêîé ðå÷è» (3-å èçä., Êèåâ, 1914, Âìåñòå ñ òåì ìàòåðèàëû ýòèõ ñëîâàðåé õà-âûøëî êàê «çíà÷èòåëüíî äîïîëíåííîå è ñî- ðàêòåðèçóþò äâèæåíèå ðóññêèõ ëèòåðàòóð-âåðøåííî ïåðåðàáîòàííîå»; 4-å èçä., òàì æå, íûõ íîðì âî âðåìåíè. Íàïðèìåð, â ñëîâàðÿõïåðåïå÷àòûâàëîñü ñ 3-ãî). Â. È. Äîëîï÷åâà è È. È. Îãèåíêî (1914): «Êà- Èç âñåõ ýòèõ ðàáîò òîëüêî êíèãè Äîëîï÷å- ðóñåëü, æ. ð. (le carousel, das Carousel) ïðåæ-âà è Îãèåíêî ìîãóò áûòü íàçâàíû «ñëîâàðÿìè äå óïîòð. òîëüêî ñëîâî êàðóñåëü â ìóæ. ðîäå: 9
10. êàðóñåëü áûë î÷åíü áîãàò. Á à ò þ ø ê î â.»; Ë. È. Ñêâîðöîâà «Îñíîâû êóëüòóðû ðå÷è»,«Ðîÿëü, ì. ð. è ðåæå æ. ð.» è ò.ï. Ñì. òàêæå: Ì., 1984 ã.).«Ïîåçäà âìåñòî ïîåçäû íûíå âî âñåîáùåì Â. È. ×åðíûøåâ ìå÷òàë î ñîçäàíèè ñïåöè-óïîòðåáëåíèè, íî ñîâåðøåííî íåïðàâèëüíî è àëüíîãî «Ðóññêîãî ñòèëèñòè÷åñêîãî ñëîâàðÿ»,íåèçâåñòíî íà êàêîì îñíîâàíèè» (Í. Ã. Íå- ãäå ñîäåðæàëèñü áû «òå çàòðóäíèòåëüíûå äëÿïðàâèëüíîñòè â ñîâðåìåííîì ðàçãîâîðíîì, óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ñëó÷àè, êîòîðûå îòíîñÿòñÿ íå êïèñüìåííîì è êíèæíîì ðóññêîì ÿçûêå. ÑÏá., ãðàììàòè÷åñêîé, à ê ëåêñè÷åñêîé (ñëîâàðíîé)1890). Ýòè è ïîäîáíûå èì ôàêòû èìåþò íåñî- ñòîðîíå ÿçûêà». Ýòîò çàìûñåë, ê ñîæàëåíèþ,ìíåííîå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ èñòîðèè ðóññêîãî ëèòå- íå áûë îñóùåñòâëåí, íî ñàìà êíèãà Â. È. ×åð-ðàòóðíîãî ÿçûêà, äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ è îïèñàíèÿ íûøåâà «Ïðàâèëüíîñòü è ÷èñòîòà ðóññêîé ðå-èñòîðè÷åñêèõ èçìåíåíèé ëèòåðàòóðíîé íîðìû. ÷è» ÿâèëàñü ïåðâûì îïûòîì íîðìàòèâíî-ñòè-  öåëîì æå ñàì ïîäõîä àâòîðîâ äîðåâîëþ- ëèñòè÷åñêîãî è ñîïîñòàâèòåëüíî-èñòîðè÷åñêî-öèîííûõ ñëîâàðåé ïðàâèëüíîñòåé ðóññêîãî ãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ïðåæäå âñåãî â îáëàñòèÿçûêà ê àíàëèçó ïðåäñòàâëåííîãî â íèõ ìàòå- ãðàììàòèêè.ðèàëà, ê ïðèíöèïàì åãî îòáîðà ìîæíî îõà-ðàêòåðèçîâàòü êàê íîðìàòèâíî-ïóðèñòè÷å-ñêèé, çàïðåòèòåëüíûé. È íå ñëó÷àéíî ïîýòî- ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÅìó ýòè ñëîâàðè ïðàâèëüíîñòåé (â ñîîòâåòñò- ÍÎÐÌÀÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀÐÈâèè ñ èõ ñîäåðæàíèåì è íàçíà÷åíèåì)íàçûâàþò íåðåäêî «ñëîâàðÿìè íåïðàâèëüíî-ñòåé». Íàøè ñîâðåìåííûå «ñëîâàðè ïðàâèëüíî- Èñêëþ÷åíèå èç ýòèõ êíèã ñîñòàâèëî âû- ñòåé», ïðîäîëæàÿ è ðàçâèâàÿ òðàäèöèè èøåäøåå â 1909 è 1913 ãã. ïîñîáèå ïî ñòèëè- èäåè ×åðíûøåâà, õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ ïðèíöè-ñòèêå ðóññêîé ðå÷è Â. È. ×åðíûøåâà «Ïðà- ïèàëüíî àíòèïóðèñòè÷åñêèì (àíòèçàïðåòè-âèëüíîñòü è ÷èñòîòà ðóññêîé ðå÷è. Îïûò ðóñ- òåëüíûì) ïîäõîäîì è ïðåñëåäóþò öåëè íîðìà-ñêîé ñòèëèñòè÷åñêîé ãðàììàòèêè» ñ óêàçàòå- òèâíî-îáúÿñíèòåëüíûå, èëè íîðìàòèâíî-ñòè-ëåì, ñîäåðæàùèì îêîëî 2 500 ñëîâ.  íåì â ëèñòè÷åñêèå â ñòðîãîì è ïîäëèííîì ñìûñëåêà÷åñòâå ãëàâíîãî êðèòåðèÿ ïðàâèëüíîñòè ñëîâà. Íàçîâåì íåêîòîðûå èç íèõ.âûäâèãàëîñü îáùåå ðå÷åâîå óïîòðåáëåíèå:  1962 è 1965 ãã. (1-å è 2-å èçä.) âûøåë «Ïðàâèëà ñòèëèñòè÷åñêîé ãðàììàòèêè èç- ñëîâàðü-ñïðàâî÷íèê Ë. Ï. Êðûñèíà èâëåêàþòñÿ íàìè èç òðåõ îñíîâíûõ èñòî÷íè- Ë. È. Ñêâîðöîâà «Ïðàâèëüíîñòü ðóññêîé ðå-êîâ ëó÷øåé ðóññêîé ðå÷è: 1) îáùåïðèíÿòîãî ÷è» ïîä ðåäàêöèåé ïðîô. Ñ. È. Îæåãîâà. Òåî-ñîâðåìåííîãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ, 2) ïðîèçâåäåíèé ðåòè÷åñêèì îñíîâàíèåì ñëîâàðÿ ñòàëî ïðåä-îáðàçöîâûõ ðóññêèõ ïèñàòåëåé, 3) ëó÷øèõ ñòàâëåíèå î ïîñòîÿííîì äâèæåíèè ÿçûêà èãðàììàòèê è ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé åãî íîðì, ðàçâèòèè èõ âìåñòå ñ ðàçâèòèåì îá-ëèòåðàòóðíîãî ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà. Ïîñîáèåì äëÿ ùåñòâà. «Ïðàâèëüíàÿ, îáúåêòèâíàÿ îöåíêàðàçðåøåíèÿ ðàçáèðàåìûõ âîïðîñîâ ñëóæàò ñîâðåìåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà è åãîòàêæå «äàííûå íàðîäíîãî ÿçûêà» (èç «Ïðåäè- íîðì, — ãîâîðèòñÿ â Ïðåäèñëîâèè îò ðåäàêòî-ñëîâèÿ» ê 1-ìó èçäàíèþ).  ñâîèõ îöåíêàõ è ðà, — äîëæíà îïèðàòüñÿ íå íà ñóììó ñóáúåê-ðåêîìåíäàöèÿõ Â. È. ×åðíûøåâ ñòðåìèëñÿ òèâíûõ ìíåíèé, à íà àíàëèç èñòîðè÷åñêèõ çà-ó÷èòûâàòü ïîäâèæíîñòü íîðìû, èçìåí÷èâîñòü êîíîìåðíîñòåé è ñîâðåìåííûõ òåíäåíöèé ðàç-åå âî âðåìåíè, à òàêæå íàëè÷èå íîðìû è åå âèòèÿ ÿçûêà».âàðèàíòîâ â êàæäîì áîëåå èëè ìåíåå äëèòåëü- Ïðèíöèïû íîðìàòèâíî-ñòèëèñòè÷åñêîãîíîì îòðåçêå âðåìåíè. Êíèãà Â. È. ×åðíûøåâà ïîäõîäà íàøëè ñâîå äàëüíåéøåå ðàçâèòèå âêàê óíèêàëüíîå ñîáðàíèå ôàêòè÷åñêîãî ÿçû- ñëîâàðå-ñïðàâî÷íèêå «Òðóäíîñòè ñëîâîóïîò-êîâîãî ìàòåðèàëà íå èìåëà ñåáå ðàâíûõ ïðè ðåáëåíèÿ è âàðèàíòû íîðì ðóññêîãî ëèòåðà-âûõîäå â ñâåò; ìíîãèå ïðåäñòàâëåííûå â íåé òóðíîãî ÿçûêà» ïîä ðåäàêöèåé Ê. Ñ. Ãîðáà÷å-ðåêîìåíäàöèè ñîõðàíÿþò ñâîþ ñèëó è ïîíûíå âè÷à (Ë., 1973) è â îïûòå ÷àñòîòíî-ñòèëèñòè-(îíà ïåðåèçäàíà â «Èçáðàííûõ òðóäàõ» ÷åñêîãî ñëîâàðÿ âàðèàíòîâ «Ãðàììàòè÷åñêàÿÂ. È. ×åðíûøåâà Ò. 1—2, Ò. 1, Ì. 1970 ã. è ïðàâèëüíîñòü ðóññêîé ðå÷è» (àâòîðûâ ïîäðîáíûõ âûäåðæêàõ â õðåñòîìàòèè Ë. Ê. Ãðàóäèíà, Â. À. Èöêîâè÷, Ë. Ï. Êàò- 10
11. ëèíñêàÿ. Ïîä ðåäàêöèåé Ñ. Ã. Áàðõóäàðîâà, âîçìîæíî, âïîëíå íåéòðàëüíîìó åãî óïîòðåá-È. Ô. Ïðîò÷åíêî è Ë. È. Ñêâîðöîâà), Ì., ëåíèþ â îáùåëèòåðàòóðíîé ðå÷è; ïðîäåìîí-1976. (Êíèãà ïåðåèçäàíà â 2001 ãîäó.) ñòðèðîâàòü ïîÿâëåíèå íîâîé è ïîñòåïåííîå  îáîèõ ýòèõ ñëîâàðÿõ øèðîêî èñïîëüçóåò- óñòàðåâàíèå òðàäèöèîííîé íîðìû è ò.ï.ñÿ ïðèåì ñîïîñòàâëåíèÿ ñ íîðìîé XIX — íà÷.  áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ àâòîð ñòàðàëñÿ âû-XX âåêà. Èñòîðè÷åñêàÿ ðåòðîñïåêòèâà ïîìî- ÿâèòü îáúåêòèâíûå ïðè÷èíû êîëåáàíèé íîð-ãàåò ïðåäñòàâèòü ñîâðåìåííóþ ëèòåðàòóðíóþ ìû èëè îòêëîíåíèé îò íåå, îïðåäåëèòü îá-íîðìó â äèíàìèêå, à ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, òî÷íåå è ùåå íàïðàâëåíèå ðàçâèòèÿ ðóññêîãî ëèòåðà-êîíêðåòíåå îöåíèòü è âûÿâèòü òåíäåíöèè òóðíîãî ÿçûêà, åãî ñëîæèâøåéñÿ íîðìàòèâ-ðàçâèòèÿ ñèñòåìû ëèòåðàòóðíîãî ÿçûêà è åãî íîé ñèñòåìû.íîðì â íàøè äíè. Äîñòîâåðíîñòü è óáåäèòåëü- Ïðåäñòàâëåííûå âûøå ñëîâàðè (âìåñòå ñíîñòü íîðìàòèâíûõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé è âûâîäîâ îðôîýïè÷åñêèìè, òîëêîâûìè è äðóãèìè íîð-ïðè ýòîì â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè âîçðàñòàþò, ìàòèâíûìè ñëîâàðÿìè) äàþò îñíîâó äëÿ îáîá-à ñóáúåêòèâíàÿ îöåíî÷íîñòü ñâîäèòñÿ ê ìèíè- ùàþùåé ðàáîòû ïî ñîñòàâëåíèþ ïîëíîãî íîð-ìóìó. Ñëîâàðü «Ãðàììàòè÷åñêàÿ ïðàâèëü- ìàòèâíî-ñòèëèñòè÷åñêîãî ñëîâàðÿ ñîâðåìåí-íîñòü ðóññêîé ðå÷è» äàåò âîçìîæíîñòü ÷èòà- íîãî ðóññêîãî ëèòåðàòóðíîãî ÿçûêà.òåëþ è ñïåöèàëèñòó-èññëåäîâàòåëþ ñ äîñòà- Îïûò ñîçäàíèÿ òàêîãî ñëîâàðÿ è ïðåäñòàâ-òî÷íîé ïîëíîòîé óâèäåòü òî èëè èíîå ãðàììà- ëåí â íàñòîÿùåì «Áîëüøîì òîëêîâîì ñëîâàðåòè÷åñêîå ÿâëåíèå ñîâðåìåííîãî ðóññêîãî ïðàâèëüíîé ðóññêîé ðå÷è».ëèòåðàòóðíîãî ÿçûêà íà âñåì ëåêñè÷åñêîììàòåðèàëå â ïðåäåëàõ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé «çîíûâàðèàíòíîñòè». ÌÅÑÒÎ Â 1981 ãîäó âûøåë â ñâåò «Ñëîâàðü òðóä- ÍÎÐÌÀÒÈÂÍÎ-ÑÒÈËÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÑËÎÂÀÐßíîñòåé ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà» Ä. Ý. Ðîçåíòàëÿ è  ÐßÄÓ ÑËÎÂÀÐÅÉ-ÑÏÐÀÂÎ×ÍÈÊÎÂÌ. À. Òåëåíêîâîé (6-å èçä., èñïðàâëåííîå èäîïîëíåííîå, Ì., 1987). Îí âêëþ÷àåò îêîëî30 òûñ. ñëîâ, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèõ òðóäíîñòè ðàç- Íàçíà÷åíèå íîðìàòèâíî-ñòèëèñòè÷åñêîãîëè÷íîãî õàðàêòåðà. ×èòàòåëè ïîëó÷àþò â íåì ñëîâàðÿ ñîñòîèò â ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîé õàðàêòå-ñïðàâêè î íàïèñàíèè (îðôîãðàôèè), ïðîèçíî- ðèñòèêå (îïèñàíèè è êâàëèôèêàöèè, îöåíêå ñøåíèè è óäàðåíèè, ôîðìîîáðàçîâàíèè ñëîâ, íîðìàòèâíîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ) ñîñòîÿíèÿ ðóñ-îá èõ ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ è ñòèëèñòè÷åñêèõ õà- ñêîé ëåêñèêè è òèïè÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòåé ååðàêòåðèñòèêàõ, î âîçìîæíîé ñî÷åòàåìîñòè, à ñîâðåìåííîãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ. Íîðìàòèâíàÿòàêæå îá óïðàâëåíèè è ïðàâèëüíîì óïîòðåá- îöåíêà â ñëîâàðíûõ ñòàòüÿõ îïèðàåòñÿ íà äå-ëåíèè ñëîâ. Ñëîâàðü ïðåñëåäóåò ñóãóáî ïðàê- òàëüíóþ ðàçðàáîòêó ñòèëèñòè÷åñêèõ è ñîáñò-òè÷åñêèå öåëè, à ïîòîìó â íåì íåò ñîïîñòàâè- âåííî íîðìàòèâíûõ äàííûõ, ïîêàç ñèíõðîí-òåëüíî-èñòîðè÷åñêèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ. íîãî (ñîâðåìåííîãî) è äèàõðîíè÷åñêîãî (èñòî-  1980 è 1983 ãîäàõ (1-å è 2-å èçä.) âûõî- ðè÷åñêîãî) âàðüèðîâàíèÿ ÿçûêîâûõ ñðåäñòâ,äèò êíèãà Ë. È. Ñêâîðöîâà «Ïðàâèëüíî ëè âûÿâëåíèå æèâûõ òåíäåíöèé äèíàìèêè èìû ãîâîðèì ïî-ðóññêè?» — ñïðàâî÷íîå ïîñî- ðàçâèòèÿ ëèòåðàòóðíûõ íîðì â ñîâðåìåííóþáèå ïî ïðîèçíîøåíèþ, óäàðåíèþ è ñëîâî- ýïîõó. Îïèñàíèå êîíêðåòíîãî ìàòåðèàëà ñòðî-óïîòðåáëåíèþ.  ðàñøèðåííîì è ïåðåðàáî- èòñÿ ñ ó÷åòîì òèïîëîãèè îøèáîê èëè òðóäíî-òàííîì âèäå êíèãà ïåðåèçäàíà â 1995 è 2003 ñòåé ñëîâîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ (ñì. ðàçäåë «Ñòðóêòó-ãîäàõ ïîä íàçâàíèåì «Êóëüòóðà ðóññêîé ðå÷è ðà ñëîâàðÿ»).(Ñëîâàðü-ñïðàâî÷íèê)».  íîðìàòèâíûõ ðåêî- Íîðìàòèâíî-ñòèëèñòè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðü ïîìåíäàöèÿõ ýòîãî ïîñîáèÿ ïðèâîäÿòñÿ ñîïîñ- íåîáõîäèìîñòè âêëþ÷àåò è ñ ò î ð è ç ì â îïè-òàâèòåëüíûå äàííûå ðàçëè÷íûõ ñëîâàðåé (â ñàíèå ìàòåðèàëà.  íåì ñîäåðæèòñÿ íåìàëîòîì ÷èñëå è ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ âûøå). Öåëü òà- ñòàòåé-î÷åðêîâ ñ ïîêàçîì äèíàìèêè ðàçâèòèÿêèõ ñîïîñòàâëåíèé ñîñòîèò â òîì, ÷òîáû ïî- ôàêòîâ ÿçûêà çà 150—200 ëåò. Îáúÿñíèòåëü-êàçàòü äèíàìèêó ðàçâèòèÿ íîðìû âî âðåìå- íàÿ ñèëà òàêèõ ñæàòûõ èñòîðè÷åñêèõ î÷åð-íè: îò êàòåãîðè÷åñêîãî çàïðåòà âàðèàíòà — êîâ, ïî ìíåíèþ àâòîðà, ïåðåêðûâàåò íåäîñòà-ê ñòèëèñòè÷åñêè îãðàíè÷åííîìó, à çàòåì, òî÷íóþ èíôîðìàòèâíîñòü ñàìûõ ðàçâåòâëåí- 11
12. íûõ è êîìáèíèðîâàííûõ ïðåäóïðåäèòåëüíûõ è íîâîãî, óñòîÿâøåãîñÿ è íàðîæäàþùåãîñÿ, ñïîìåò (ñòèëèñòè÷åñêèõ èëè ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ). øèðîêèì ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêèì êîììåíòàðèåì áû-Îøèáî÷íûé («îòðèöàòåëüíûé») ìàòåðèàë äà- òóþùèõ îáùåñòâåííûõ ìíåíèé è âêóñîâûõåòñÿ, êàê ïðàâèëî, â âèäå ðå÷åíèé, êîíñòðóê- îöåíîê ôàêòîâ ÿçûêà, à òàêæå ìíèìûõ çàïðå-öèé è ò.ï., íî íå â âèäå öèòàò. Ïîñëåäíèå òîâ, ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ çàáëóæäåíèé è ò.ï. Âñåââîäÿòñÿ âåñüìà øèðîêî è ïîëíî, è ôóíêöèè ñêàçàííîå àâòîð ïîñòàðàëñÿ âîïëîòèòü â ïðåä-èõ îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ çàäà÷àìè ïîäòâåðæäåíèÿ ëàãàåìîì ÷èòàòåëÿì ñëîâàðå.ñòàðîé íîðìû, àðãóìåíòàöèè íîâûõ íîðì èëè Çàìå÷àíèÿ è äîïîëíåíèÿ ê ñëîâàðþ ïðîñü-íîðìàòèâíûõ «ñäâèãîâ», êîòîðûå ìîãóò âû- áà íàïðàâëÿòü â èçäàòåëüñòâî èëè àâòîðó ïîçûâàòü ñîìíåíèÿ ó ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ ñëîâàðÿ. àäðåñó: 123104, Ìîñêâà, Òâåðñêîé áóëüâàð, Íîðìàòèâíî-ñòèëèñòè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðü çàíè- 25, Ëèòåðàòóðíûé èíñòèòóò èì. Ãîðüêîãî, êà-ìàåò âàæíîå ìåñòî â ëåêñèêîãðàôè÷åñêîé íîð- ôåäðà ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà è ñòèëèñòèêè, äîêòîðóìàòèâíîé òåîðèè è ïðàêòèêå. Íîðìû ñîâðå- ôèëîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîðó Ñêâîðöîâóìåííîãî ðóññêîãî ëèòåðàòóðíîãî ÿçûêà äîëæ- Ëüâó Èâàíîâè÷ó.íû ïðåäñòàòü â íåì â ñëîæíîé è ñòðîéíîé ñèñ- Âñå çàìå÷àíèÿ, ïîïðàâêè è äîïîëíåíèÿ áó-òåìå ïàðàäèãìàòè÷åñêèõ è ñèíòàãìàòè÷åñêèõ äóò ñ áëàãîäàðíîñòüþ ïðèíÿòû è ïî âîçìîæ-îòíîøåíèé, â æèâîì âçàèìîäåéñòâèè ñòàðîãî íîñòè ó÷òåíû â íîâûõ èçäàíèÿõ ñëîâàðÿ.
13. ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ ÑËÎÂÀÐß. ÍÎÐÌÀÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÎÖÅÍÊÈ I. ÏÐÎÈÇÍÎØÅÍÈÅ È ÓÄÀÐÅÍÈÅ íîãî óðîâíÿ ÷åëîâåêà. Îøèáêè ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ (ÎÐÔÎÝÏÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÈ) îòâëåêàþò ñëóøàòåëåé îò ñîäåðæàíèÿ ñêàçàííî- ãî è òåì ñàìûì çàòðóäíÿþò îáùåíèå, îñëàáëÿþò Ïðàâèëüíàÿ ïîñòàíîâêà óäàðåíèÿ — íåîá- âîçäåéñòâèå ðå÷è îðàòîðà íà àóäèòîðèþ.õîäèìûé ïðèçíàê è âàæíåéøåå óñëîâèå ãðà- Ñîâðåìåííûå îðôîýïè÷åñêèå (ïðîèçíîñè-ìîòíîé ðå÷è. Îáúåêòèâíàÿ ñëîæíîñòü íîðìà- òåëüíûå) íîðìû âî ìíîãîì îòëè÷àþòñÿ íåòèâíîé ñèñòåìû ðóññêîãî óäàðåíèÿ (èìåþùàÿ òîëüêî îò íîðì êîíöà XIX — XX â. Ýòî ñâÿ-èñòîðè÷åñêîå îáúÿñíåíèå è îáîñíîâàíèå) ñâÿ- çàíî ñ íèâåëèðîâêîé ñîöèàëüíûõ è òåððèòî-çàíà ñ òåì, ÷òî â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå ïîñòàíîâêà ðèàëüíûõ ãîâîðîâ, âëèÿíèåì ÿçûêîâ-èñòî÷-óäàðåíèÿ îòëè÷àåòñÿ ïîäâèæíîñòüþ è ðàçíî- íèêîâ â çàèìñòâîâàííûõ ñëîâàõ, ñáëèæåíèåììåñòíîñòüþ, à â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ èãðàåò ñìûñëî- ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ ñ ïèñüìîì (îðôîãðàôèåé) âîðàçëè÷èòåëüíóþ ðîëü (ñì. ì ó ê à è ì ó ê à — âðåìåíè, à òàêæå ñ äåéñòâèåì æèâûõ òåíäåí-ðàçíûå ñëîâà; ë à â ð î â û å ëèñòüÿ, íî ñåìåé- öèé ðàçâèòèÿ ïðîèçíîñèòåëüíîé ñèñòåìû èñòâî ë à â ð î â û õ â áîòàíèêå è ò.ï.). ò.ï. Ñì. ê î ï å å ÷ í û é è ê î ï å å ø í û é, Èññëåäîâàòåëè íàñ÷èòûâàþò áîëåå 5 òûñ. ì à í ¸ â ð è ì à í å â ð, à í ò ý í í à è à í ò ü -îáùåóïîòðåáèòåëüíûõ ðóññêèõ ñëîâ, â êîòî- å í í à, ï ë à ò è ø ü è ï ë î ò è ø ü, á î þ ñ úðûõ çàôèêñèðîâàíû êîëåáàíèÿ â óäàðåíèè.  è á î þ ñ ü è ìí. äð.íàñòîÿùåì Ñëîâàðå ïðèâåäåíà, ðàçóìååòñÿ, Òðàäèöèîííûå íîðìû ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ ñî-ëèøü ÷àñòü èç íèõ. õðàíÿþòñÿ â òåàòðàëüíîé è ñöåíè÷åñêîé Ïðè÷èíû êîëåáàíèÿ óäàðåíèÿ ðàçëè÷íû: ïðàêòèêå, â ìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè — â ðå÷è ðà-õðîíîëîãè÷åñêèå (ñòàðîå è íîâîå óäàðåíèå); äèî- è òåëåäèêòîðîâ. Âñå ýòî âìåñòå âçÿòîåïðîãðåññèâíûå òåíäåíöèè ðàçâèòèÿ àêöåíòî- îáúÿñíÿåò ïðè÷èíû è óñëîâèÿ ñîñóùåñòâîâà-ëîãè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû (äëÿ íîðìàòèâíûõ âàðè- íèÿ ïðîèçíîñèòåëüíûõ âàðèàíòîâ â ñîâðåìåí-àíòîâ); äèàëåêòíî-òåððèòîðèàëüíûå, ïðîôåñ- íîé ðóññêîé ðå÷è.ñèîíàëüíûå, èíîÿçû÷íûå è äðóãèå âëèÿíèÿ, Ïîìèìî âàðèàíòîâ ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ è óäàðå-à òàêæå âíóòðèÿçûêîâûå çàêîíîìåðíîñòè íèÿ (èíîãäà, êàê óæå îòìå÷àëîñü, ñâÿçàííûõ(äåéñòâèå àíàëîãèè, «ïîäðàâíèâàíèÿ» ïîä îá- ñ ðàçëè÷èÿìè â çíà÷åíèÿõ ñëîâ è ôîðì), àðàçåö ò.ï.). Ýòèìè ïðè÷èíàìè îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ òàêæå êîëåáàíèé è îøèáîê, â Ñëîâàðå ïðèâî-ïîÿâëåíèå íåíîðìàòèâíûõ îðôîýïè÷åñêèõ âà- äÿòñÿ âàðèàíòû îáðàçîâàíèÿ ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõðèàíòîâ, êîëåáàíèå è íàðóøåíèå íîðì ïðîèç- ôîðì (ñêëîíåíèÿ, ñïðÿæåíèÿ, ïðèíàäëåæíî-íîøåíèÿ è óäàðåíèÿ. Ñì. òàêèå ñëîâà, êàê ñòè ê ãðàììàòè÷åñêîìó ðîäó è ò.ï.), ñâÿçàí-ï ë à í å ð è ï ë à í ¸ ð, ð à ê ó ð ñ è ð à ê ó ð ñ, íûå ñ òðóäíîñòÿìè îðôîýïè÷åñêîãî õàðàêòå-ï å ò ë ÿ è ï å ò ë ÿ, ï ð è ç ð à ê è ï ð è - ðà. Ôîðìû ïðè÷àñòèé äàþòñÿ îáû÷íî ïðè ãëà-ç ð à ê, ð à ï î ð ò è ð à ï î ð ò, è í ñ ó ë ü ò è ãîëå (òàê æå, êàê è ëè÷íûå ôîðìû íàñòîÿùå-è í ñ ó ë ü ò è ìíîãèå äðóãèå. ãî è ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè); ïðèëàãàòåëüíûå Ïðàâèëüíîå, îáðàçöîâîå ëèòåðàòóðíîå ïðîèç- ïðèâîäÿòñÿ ïðè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ (åñëè íå äà-íîøåíèå — âàæíûé ïîêàçàòåëü îáùåêóëüòóð- þòñÿ îòäåëüíî). 13
14. Ðàâíîïðàâíûå, îäèíàêîâî óïîòðåáèòåëü- II. ÑËÎÂÎÓÏÎÒÐÅÁËÅÍÈÅ È ÃÐÀÌÌÀÒÈÊÀíûå â ëèòåðàòóðíîì ÿçûêå âàðèàíòû äàþòñÿ (ÑÅÌÀÍÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ, ÌÎÐÔÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅðÿäîì áåç êàêèõ-ëèáî ïîìåò. Íàïðèìåð: ä à - È ÑÈÍÒÀÊÑÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÈ)ë å ê î è ä à ë ¸ ê î, è ñ ê ð è ò ü ñ ÿ è è ñ -ê ð è ò ü ñ ÿ è ò.ï. Íîðìû ñëîâîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ — ýòî ïðàâèëü- Äîïóñòèìûå (íàðÿäó ñî ñòðîãî ëèòåðàòóð- íîñòü âûáîðà ñëîâà è óìåñòíîñòü åãî ïðèìåíå-íûì âàðèàíòîì) â ïðåäåëàõ îáùåëèòåðàòóðíîãî íèÿ â òåõ èëè èíûõ ñî÷åòàíèÿõ ñ äðóãèìèóïîòðåáëåíèÿ ñëîâà è ôîðìû ñîïðîâîæäàþòñÿ ñëîâàìè. Ýòè íîðìû ñâÿçàíû ñ îöåíêîé íå-ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèìè ïîìåòàìè (ïåðå÷åíü èõ ñì. îëîãèçìîâ (íîâûõ ñëîâ), à òàêæå äèàëåêòèç-â ïîäðàçäåëå «Ñòèëèñòè÷åñêàÿ îêðàñêà»). ìîâ, ïðîôåññèîíàëèçìîâ, êàíöåëÿðèçìîâ â Îøèáî÷íûå, îòâåðãàåìûå ñîâðåìåííîé ëè- îáùåé ðå÷è, èíîÿçû÷íûõ çàèìñòâîâàíèé ñòåðàòóðíîé íîðìîé âàðèàíòû ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ, òî÷êè çðåíèÿ èõ íåîáõîäèìîñòè, óìåñòíîñòè,óäàðåíèÿ èëè ôîðìîîáðàçîâàíèÿ èìåþò ïðè ñåìàíòè÷åñêîé òî÷íîñòè è ò.ï.ñåáå çàïðåòèòåëüíóþ ïîìåòó «íå». Îíè ñâÿçàíû òàêæå ñ ïðàâèëüíûì èñïîëü- Âñå íåîäíîñëîæíûå ñëîâà ñíàáæåíû çíà- çîâàíèåì «íåñâîáîäíûõ», òî åñòü ôðàçåîëîãè-êîì ¢ (àêóò), îáîçíà÷àþùèì îñíîâíîå, ñèëü- ÷åñêèõ, ñî÷åòàíèé, à òàêæå ñ îáùèìè óñëî-íîå óäàðåíèå. Ïîáî÷íîå, ñëàáîå óäàðåíèå â âèÿìè ñî÷åòàåìîñòè ñëîâ, ïîñòðîåíèÿ êîí-íåêîòîðûõ ìíîãîñëîæíûõ ñëîâàõ îáîçíà÷àåò- ñòðóêöèé. Ñîãëàñîâàíèå è óïðàâëåíèå ñëîâ,ñÿ çíàêîì ` (ãðàâèñ). èçáûòî÷íîñòü (èëè òàâòîëîãè÷íîñòü) ñëîâîñî÷å- Ó èìåí ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ ôîðìà ðîäèòåëü- òàíèé, ñìûñëîâàÿ è ñòèëèñòè÷åñêàÿ ñîîòíåñåí-íîãî ïàäåæà, à èíîãäà è äðóãèõ ïàäåæåé, à íîñòü ñëîâ â ïðåäåëàõ îäíîãî âûðàæåíèÿ —òàêæå ôîðìà ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà ïðèâî- âñå ýòî âõîäèò â ïîíÿòèå ëåêñè÷åñêèõ íîðì,äèòñÿ â òîì ñëó÷àå, êîãäà âîçíèêàåò ñîìíåíèå èëè íîðì ñëîâîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ â øèðîêîì èõâ ïîñòàíîâêå óäàðåíèÿ èëè â ïðàâèëüíîñòè ïîíèìàíèè.îáðàçîâàíèÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé ôîðìû: è í - Íàðóøåíèÿ íîðì ñëîâîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ ðàç-ñ ò ð ó ê ò à æ, è í ñ ò ð ó ê ò à æ à. ëè÷íû: ñìåøåíèå îäíîêîðåííûõ ñëîâ — ïàðî- Ó êà÷åñòâåííûõ ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ êðàòêèå íèìîâ (ñì., íàïðèìåð, â ä î õ è â ç ä î õ, í å -ôîðìû óêàçûâàþòñÿ òîãäà, êîãäà åñòü ñîìíå- ò å ð ï è ì û é è í å ñ ò å ð ï è ì û é è ò.ï.); íå-íèå â ïîñòàíîâêå óäàðåíèÿ èëè âîçìîæíû âà- ïðàâèëüíîå óïîòðåáëåíèå ñèíîíèìîâ (ñì. ï å -ðèàíòû íåêîòîðûõ ôîðì. ä à ã î ã è ó ÷ è ò å ë ü, å ñ ò ü è ê ó ø à ò ü, Ôîðìû ïðè÷àñòèé äàþòñÿ ïðè ãëàãîëå. æ å í à è ñ ó ï ð ó ã à è äð.); ñòèëèñòè÷åñêèÓ íåêîòîðûõ ñòðàäàòåëüíûõ ïðè÷àñòèé ïðî- íåîïðàâäàííîå óïîòðåáëåíèå ñëîâ (ñì. â ð ó -øåäøåãî âðåìåíè òàêæå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ êðàòêèå ÷ è ò ü, ç à ÷ è ò à ò ü, ï ð è á û ò ü, ì û ñ ë è ò üôîðìû. è äð.); íåïðàâèëüíîå ïðèìåíåíèå çàèìñòâî- Ãëàãîëû â îðôîýïè÷åñêîì ðàçäåëå ïðåä- âàííûõ ñëîâ (ñì. ê à â à ë ü ê à ä à, á ó ä è ð î -ñòàâëåíû â ôîðìå èíôèíèòèâà è 1-ãî è 3-ãî â à ò ü, ï ë å ÿ ä à è äð.); òàâòîëîãè÷åñêèå, èç-ëèöà íàñòîÿùåãî èëè áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè. Äðó- áûòî÷íûå ñî÷åòàíèÿ (ñì. æèòíèöà ç å ð í à,ãèå ãëàãîëüíûå ôîðìû óêàçûâàþòñÿ, åñëè ì å ì î ð è à ë ü í û é ïàìÿòíèê, ñ ì å ë û éóäàðåíèå â íèõ ìîæåò âûçâàòü ñîìíåíèå. Âîç- ðèñê è äð.); èñêàæåíèÿ â óïîòðåáëåíèè ôðà-âðàòíûå è íåâîçâðàòíûå ôîðìû ãëàãîëà äàþò- çåîëîãè÷åñêèõ îáîðîòîâ (èãðàòü ç í à ÷ å í è å,ñÿ âìåñòå, åñëè â íèõ ïîëíîñòüþ ñîâïàäàåò ïîêà ñ ó ò ü äà äåëî, âåðíóòüñÿ â ñ â î è ïåíà-óäàðåíèå. òû è äð.). Ïðè ðàñõîæäåíèè óäàðåíèÿ â íåêîòîðûõ Ñåìàíòè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòè-ôîðìàõ âîçâðàòíûå è íåâîçâðàòíûå ãëàãîëû ê à çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â ñåìàíòèçàöèè ñëîâà (òîë-äàþòñÿ ðàçäåëüíî. êîâàíèè åãî çíà÷åíèÿ èëè çíà÷åíèé), öåëüþ Ïðèñòàâî÷íûå ãëàãîëû, îáðàçóþùèå òå æå êîòîðîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðåäîñòåðåæåíèå ÷èòàòåëÿôîðìû è èìåþùèå òî æå óäàðåíèå, ÷òî è áåñ- îò íåïðàâèëüíîãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ëåêñè÷åñêîéïðèñòàâî÷íûå îäíîêîðåííûå ãëàãîëû èëè îä- åäèíèöû (óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ñëîâà â íåñâîéñòâåí-íîêîðåííûå ãëàãîëû ñ äðóãèìè ïðèñòàâêàìè, íîì åìó çíà÷åíèè, ñìåøåíèÿ ñ ïàðîíèìàìè,ìîãóò èìåòü ïðè ñåáå îòñûëî÷íóþ ïîìåòó îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïëåîíàñòè÷åñêèõ, èçáûòî÷íûõ«ñ ì.». ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèé è ò.ï.).  òîëêîâàíèÿõ ñëîâ 14
15. ïðèâîäÿòñÿ, êàê ïðàâèëî, ëèøü òå çíà÷åíèÿ, III. ÑÒÈËÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÎÊÐÀÑÊÀêîòîðûå ñâÿçàíû ñ îñîáåííîñòÿìè èëè òðóä- (ÑÒÈËÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÈíîñòÿìè óïîòðåáëåíèÿ. È ÑÒÈËÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÎÌÅÒÛ) Çàäà÷à ñ è í ò à ê ñ è ÷ å ñ ê î é õ à ð à ê ò å -ð è ñ ò è ê è ñëîâ ñîñòîÿëà â íîðìàòèâíîé êâà- Öåëüþ íàñòîÿùåãî Ñëîâàðÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïî-ëèôèêàöèè âàðèàíòîâ óïðàâëåíèÿ ãëàãîëîâ, âûøåíèå ðå÷åâîé êóëüòóðû ãîâîðÿùèõ íàñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ, ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ, à òàêæå â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå íà îñíîâå ðàçâèòèÿ ó íèõ îñîç-îöåíêå ñ íîðìàòèâíîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ êîíñò- íàííîãî îòíîøåíèÿ è èíòåðåñà ê ÿçûêó, ñîáñò-ðóêöèé ñ ðàçëè÷íûìè ïðåäëîãàìè (ñì., íà- âåííîé ðå÷è è ðå÷è îêðóæàþùèõ.  ñâÿçè ñïðèìåð, êîíñòðóêöèè ñ ïðåäëîãîì ïî: òîñêî- ýòèì â ñëîâàðå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íå èìïåðàòèâ-âàòü ïî êîìó — òîñêîâàòü ïî êîì; ïî âîç- íî-çàïðåòèòåëüíûé, à îáúÿñíèòåëüíî-ðåêî-âðàùåíèè — ïî âîçâðàùåíèþ; ïî ïÿòü ìåíäàòåëüíûé ñïîñîá ïîäà÷è ìàòåðèàëà,êíèã — ïî ïÿòè êíèã è äð.). âêëþ÷àþùèé â ñåáÿ ñâåäåíèÿ î äèíàìèêå íîð-  ðåêîìåíäàöèÿõ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ â à ð è à í - ìû (âî ìíîãèõ ñëó÷àÿõ íà÷èíàÿ ñ XIX âåêà),ò à ì è ó ï ð à â ë å í è ÿ , ó÷èòûâàëàñü çàâèñè- ïðè÷èíàõ òåõ èëè èíûõ ÿçûêîâûõ èçìåíå-ìîñòü ôîðìû óïðàâëåíèÿ îò êîíêðåòíîãî çíà- íèé, ïåðñïåêòèâàõ ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ è ôóíêöèî-÷åíèÿ ñòåðæíåâîãî è çàâèñèìîãî ñëîâà; îò íèðîâàíèÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ ÿçûêîâûõ ñðåäñòâ.ñèíòàêñè÷åñêîé ïîçèöèè, êîòîðóþ îíî çàíè- Âìåñòå ñ òåì êàæäîìó ôàêòó, çàôèêñèðîâàí-ìàåò â ïðåäëîæåíèè. Íàïðèìåð, â Ñëîâàðå îò- íîìó ñëîâàðåì, äàåòñÿ âïîëíå îïðåäåëåííàÿìå÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî åñëè â áîëüøèíñòâå çíà÷åíèé êîäèôèêàöèîííàÿ îöåíêà, êîòîðàÿ äîëæíàïðèëàãàòåëüíîãî ï î ë í û é îñíîâíûì âàðèàí- îáåñïå÷èòü åãî ïðàâèëüíîå è óìåñòíîå èñïîëü-òîì óïðàâëåíèÿ äëÿ íåãî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñî÷åòàíèå çîâàíèå â ñîâðåìåííîé ëèòåðàòóðíîé ðå÷è.ñ ð î ä è ò å ë ü í û ì ïàäåæîì (êóâøèí ïîëîí Ïîäàâëÿþùåå áîëüøèíñòâî ñòàòåé Ñëîâàðÿâîäû; äîì, ïîëíûé ãîñòåé), òî â çíà÷åíèè ñíàáæåíû ïîìåòàìè ñî ñòèëèñòè÷åñêèìè õà-«öåëèêîì ïðîíèêíóòûé» îíî òðàäèöèîííî ðàêòåðèñòèêàìè òèïà: êíèæí., ðàçã., ñïåö.,óïðàâëÿåò ò â î ð è ò å ë ü í û ì ïàäåæîì (íà- ïîýò., ïðîñò., îôèö., óñòàðåëîå, ïåðåí. è ò.ï.ïðèìåð: äóøà ïîëíà òîáîþ).  ñëîâàðÿõ Ðàâíîïðàâíûå â ñòèëèñòè÷åñêîì îòíîøå-îáû÷íî óêàçûâàåòñÿ íà âàðèàíòíîñòü óïðàâëå- íèè îðôîýïè÷åñêèå âàðèàíòû ñîåäèíÿþòñÿíèÿ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî ÷ å ì ï è î í (÷åìïèîí ñîþçîì «è», áåç êàêèõ-ëèáî íîðìàòèâíûõ ïî-÷åãî-ëèáî, ïî ÷åìó-ëèáî, â ÷åì-ëèáî). Îäíàêî ìåò. Íàïðèìåð: è í à ÷ å è è í à ÷ å; á à ð æ àýòè âàðèàíòû äàëåêî íå îäíîçíà÷íû: îíè îáó- è á à ð æ à; ø è ð î ê î è ø è ð î ê î; ã à ç è -ñëîâëåíû òåì, êàêîå ñëîâî èëè ñëîâîñî÷åòà- ð î â à ò ü è ã à ç è ð î â à ò ü è ò.ï.íèå çàìåùàåò ïîçèöèþ çàâèñèìîãî êîìïîíåí- Ìåíåå æåëàòåëüíûé âàðèàíò, ñóùåñòâóþ-òà. Ñð.: ÷ å ì ï è î í ì è ð à (çàâèñèìîå ñëîâî ùèé íàðÿäó ñî ñòðîãî ëèòåðàòóðíûì, ñëåäóåòóêàçûâàåò íà ðàíã, óðîâåíü ñîðåâíîâàíèÿ); ïîñëå îñíîâíîãî è ñîïðîâîæäàåòñÿ ïîìåòîé «è÷åìïèîí ïî áîðüáå (óêàçûâàåòñÿ âèä ñïîðòà); äîïóñòèìî». Íàïðèìåð: ø å â å ë è ò è äîïóñ-÷åìïèîí â áåãå íà 100 ìåòðîâ, ÷åìïèîí â ëåã- òèìî ø å â å ë è ò.êîì âåñå (óêàçûâàåòñÿ âèä ñîñòÿçàíèé è êëàñ- Âàðèàíòû, íàáëþäàþùèåñÿ ãëàâíûì îáðà-ñèôèêàöèîííàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ). Îòñþäà âîçìîæ- çîì â ðå÷è ëèö ñòàðøåãî ïîêîëåíèÿ, ñíàáæà-íîñòü ñîçäàíèÿ ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ ñëîâîñî÷åòà- þòñÿ ïîìåòàìè «óñòàðåâàþùåå», à âûøåäøèåíèé: ÷åìïèîí Åâðîïû ïî áîêñó â ïîëóòÿæå- èç àêòèâíîãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ — «óñòàðåëîå».ëîì âåñå è ò.ï. Íàïðèìåð: ê à í à ð å å ÷ í û é (ïðîèçíîñèòñÿ ßçûêîâàÿ êóëüòóðà â îáëàñòè ñëîâîóïîò- ÷í, óñòàðåâàþùåå øí); è í ò ð è ã à í (óñòàðå-ðåáëåíèÿ ïðåäïîëàãàåò íå òîëüêî ïðàâèëü- ëîå è í ò ð è ã à í ò).  ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ äîïóñêàåòñÿíîñòü, íî è ëåêñè÷åñêóþ è ñòèëèñòè÷åñêóþ ïîìåòà òàêîãî ðîäà: ò å ð ð î ð (ïðîèçíîñèòñÿ ñ÷èñòîòó ðå÷è: ñâîáîäó åå îò äèàëåêòèçìîâ è ìÿãêèì «ò», ïðîèçíîøåíèå òý óñòàðåâàåò).æàðãîíèçìîâ, âóëüãàðèçìîâ è ñíèæåííîãî Âàðèàíòû îøèáî÷íûå, íàõîäÿùèåñÿ çàïðîñòîðå÷èÿ, îò óçêèõ ïðîôåññèîíàëèçìîâ, ïðåäåëàìè ëèòåðàòóðíîé íîðìû, ïðèâîäÿòñÿøòàìïîâàííûõ ñëîâ è êîíñòðóêöèé, à òàêæå ñ çàïðåòèòåëüíîé ïîìåòîé «íå»: ìàñëîïðîâîäîò íåíóæíûõ, íåóìåñòíûõ èíîÿçû÷íûõ çàèì- (í å ìàñëîïðîâîä), ïðîêîìïîñòèðîâàòü (í åñòâîâàíèé. ïðîêîìïàñèðîâàòü). 15