This document outlines the typical structure and content of quantitative and qualitative research reports. It discusses that both types of reports generally include five main sections: introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. However, the depth and type of information included in each section can vary depending on factors like the study conducted, intended audience, and how the report will be disseminated. The document then provides more detailed descriptions of the typical content included in each section for quantitative and qualitative research reports.

1. PREPARINGPREPARING THE REPORTTHE REPORT
Dr. Mohd Razif Shahril
School of Nutrition and Dietetics,
Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
Email: razifshahril@unisza.edu.my

2. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Content of Research Report
• Both quantitative and qualitative research reports
include five (5) major sections;
1) Introduction
2) Methods
3) Results
4) Discussion/ Findings
5) Conclusion
• The type and depth of information included in these
sections depend on the;
▫ study conducted
▫ intended audiences
▫ mechanisms for disseminating the report
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3. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Quantitative ResearchQuantitative Research
ReportReport
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4. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 1 - Introduction
• Presentation of the problem: significance,
background, problem statement
• Statement of the purpose
• Presentation of literature review, including
empirical and theoretical literature
• Discussion of the framework, including
proposition(s) guiding the study
• Identification of research objectives, questions
or hypotheses (if applicable)
• Identification of conceptual and operational
definitions of variables
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5. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 2 - Methods
• Discussion of the research design
• Description of the study intervention, intervention
protocol, or the process to promote intervention
fidelity if an intervention is implemented in the
study
• Description of the sample (sampling method,
sample criteria, refusal or acceptance rate, sample
size, sample attrition or retention and sample
characteristics), consent process and setting.
• Description of the methods of measurement
• Discussion of the data collection process
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6. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 3 - Results
• Description of the data analysis procedures
• Organization of results by research objectives,
questions, or hypotheses
• Presentation of results in tables, figures and
narrative
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7. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 4 - Discussion
• Discussion of major findings
• Identification of the limitations
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Section 5 - Conclusion
• Presentation of conclusions
• Identification of the implications for nursing
• Recommendation for further research

8. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Qualitative ResearchQualitative Research
ReportReport
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9. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 1 - Introduction
• Identification of the phenomenon to be studied
• Identification of the aim or purpose of the study
• Identification of the study questions
• Identification of the qualitative approach used to
conduct the study
• Discussion of the significance of the study to nursing
• Evolution of the study
▫ Provides a rationale for conducting the study
▫ Places the study in context historically
▫ Provides experiential context based on
researcher’s experience with phenomenon
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10. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 2 – Methods (General)
• Introduction to the specific method
(phenomenology, historical, grounded theory, or
ethnographical) used to conduct the study
• Discussion of the background, philosophy and
assumptions for this method with
documentation
• Provision of a rationale for choosing this method
• Discussion of the general steps, procedures and
outcomes for this method with documentation
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11. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 2 – Methods (Applied)
• Demonstration of the researcher’s credentials for
conducting a particular type of qualitative study
• Description of the sample and setting
• Description of the researcher’s role
▫ Entry into the site
▫ Selection of participants (sample criteria,
sampling method, sample size)
▫ Documentation of ethical considerations:
informed consent, confidentiality
▫ Description of the data collection process,
including strengths and weaknesses
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12. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 3 - Results
• Description of the data analysis procedures based on
the method selected
• Presentation of results or findings based on the
method used to conduct the study
▫ Phenomenological study – experiential themes
and the essence of the lived experience
▫ Theory research – a theory grounded in study data
▫ Ethnographical research – a detailed narrative of
a cultural event
▫ Historical research – a detailed description of a
historical event
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13. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 4 – Discussion
• Discussion of findings and relevant literature
• Presentation of conclusions and the meanings
and undertakings developed by the study
• Identification of study limitation
• Discussion of the relevance of the study
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14. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Section 5 - Conclusion
• Presentation of conclusions
• Identification of the implications for nursing
• Recommendation for further research
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15. S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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