Interledger
Delft - 8 June 2017
Interledger Project
KEY FACTS
Open Protocol Community Group @ W3C 220+ Contributors
Banks
Central banks
Payments companies
Tech giants
Consulting companies
Blockchain companies
October 2015 Published the Interledger White Paper
November 2015 Launched Interledger Community Group at W3C
February 2016 First workshop in San Francisco (50+ attendees)
February 2016 First draft of Crypto-conditions RFC
March 2016 First draft of Architecture Overview (ILP - RFC 1)
June 2016 Re-launch of interledger.org website
July 2016 Second workshop in London (70+ attendees)
July 2016 IETF Berlin - BoF session
September 2017 W3C TPAC Lisbon - ILP Community Group meeting
October 2017 InterledgerJS launched at the JS Foundation
November 2017 ILP Kit v1 released
March 2017 ILP Address and Packet specs released
May 2017 ILP Kit v2 released
June 2017 Third workshop in Berlin
A Little History
4
Interledger Workshop
LONDON 2016
Interledger
Internetworking for Money
Payments are broken.
Payment Methods Accepted By Prineta.com
Accepting Payments OnlineAccepting Payments Online
Blockchain will
not solve the problem.
Payment Networks Are Disconnected
BlockchainBanks Mobile Money Online Wallets
We Need the Internet of
Money
Payments
Value
Blockchains
Coins
Can We Connect Everything to One Blockchain?
? ?
? ?
No.
The World Will Never Agree On One Ledger
We Need the Internet of
Money
Payments
Value
Blockchains
Coins
internetworking
in·ter·net·work·ing
Connecting networks through gateways that
route data packets between the networks
noun
Internetworking Connects Everyone
BlockchainBanks Mobile Money Online Wallets
Internetworking For Payment Networks
Interledger
Internetworking for Money
OUR INSPIRATION
The History & Architecture of the Internet
SIMPLICITY
Internet Architecture
IP
WIFI BLUETOOTH ETHERNET
Internetwork
Network
Transport TCP UDP
Application HTTP SMTP NNTP NTP RTP
Interledger Architecture
ILP
BLOCKCHAINS
BANKS MOBILE MONEY
Interledger
Ledger
Transport IPR PSK PSK-ECDH
Application SPSP HTTP-ILP PAYTORRENT
Interledger 101
Internetworking Ingredients:
1. Ledger Abstraction
2. Routers
3. Multi-Hop
4. Address + Packet
5. Routing
Internetworking Ingredients:
1. Ledger Abstraction
2. Routers
3. Multi-Hop
4. Address + Packet
5. Routing
BlockchainBanks Mobile Money Online Wallets
Need a Way to Interact with Every Kind of Ledger
All Ledgers Are Treated Equally
IP Works Over Every Type of Network
Stay Tuned for More on Ledger Plugins:
1. Demo Today @ 2pm
2. Plugin-athon Tomorrow
Internetworking Ingredients:
1. Ledger Abstraction
2. Routers
3. Multi-Hop
4. Address + Packet
5. Routing
Payments Within One Network Are Trivial
Sender ReceiverLedger
Payments Across Ledgers
Sender ReceiverLedger Ledger
?
Connectors Link Two Ledgers
Connector
EUR USD
Connectors Exchange Currencies
Alice 100
Chloe 0
Chloe 107
Bob 0
EUR USD
Connectors Generate Revenue from Spreads
Alice 100
Chloe 0
Chloe 107
Bob 0
EUR USD
Payments Across Connectors?
EUR USD
?
BTC
Internetworking Ingredients:
1. Ledger Abstraction
2. Routers
3. Multi-Hop
4. Address + Packet
5. Routing
Multi-hop is trickier with
money than with data
Correspondent Banking: Optimistic Execution
EXECUTE
Correspondent Banking: Optimistic Execution
FAIL
1. PREPARE
Interledger: Two-Phase Execution Secures Multi-Hop Transfers
REFERENCES
J. Poon and T. Drya, The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off-Chain Instant Payments, 2015
S. Thomas and E. Schwartz, A Protocol for Interledger Payments, 2015
1. PREPARE
2. EXECUTE
Interledger: Two-Phase Execution Secures Multi-Hop Transfers
REFERENCES
J. Poon and T. Drya, The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off-Chain Instant Payments, 2015
S. Thomas and E. Schwartz, A Protocol for Interledger Payments, 2015
Conditional payments enable
trustless connectors
1. PREPARE
2. EXECUTE
Sender is Guaranteed Fulfillment or Money Back
REFERENCES
J. Poon and T. Drya, The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off-Chain Instant Payments, 2015
S. Thomas and E. Schwartz, A Protocol for Interledger Payments, 2015
Interledger works even over
simple payment channels
Internetworking Ingredients:
1. Ledger Abstraction
2. Routers
3. Multi-Hop
4. Address + Packet
5. Routing
{
account: "g.us.usd.chase.bob.car",
amount: "10",
data: "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQhCg..."
}
Interledger In One Slide
{
account: "g.crypto.bitcoin.1BvBMSEY...",
amount: "10",
data: "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQhCg..."
}
Interledger Addresses Work for Any Ledger
Core of IP is the Address and Packet Formats
Internetworking Ingredients:
1. Ledger Abstraction
2. Routers
3. Multi-Hop
4. Address + Packet
5. Routing
Addressing is Separate From Routing
Please deliver to
g.crypto.bitcoin.1x... Right away!
Interested in Routing?
Join our W3C community!
Internetworking Ingredients:
1. Ledger Abstraction
2. Routers
3. Multi-Hop
4. Address + Packet
5. Routing
Internet of Value
Interledger
Internetworking for Money
Micropayments
Stefan Thomas
@justmoon
Small Payments Make a Big Difference
The Internet Economy is Incomplete
10010110
???
DOWNLOADER UPLOADER
Today: Protocols Suffer from the Barter Problem
Coincidence of Wants
There may be many people wanting,
and many possessing those things
wanted; but to allow of an act of barter,
there must be a double coincidence,
which will rarely happen.
- William S. Jevons, 1875
“
So We Use Hacks to Get Around the Problem
10010110
DOWNLOADER UPLOADER
Hacks: Aggregation, Bartering, Bundling, ...
Why Are You Getting 30% of Everyone's Revenue, Exactly?
Aggregation: Explosion of Marketplaces
Tim Cook, CEO Apple
When an online service is free,
you're not the customer.
You're the product.
Bundling: Annoying and Dangerous
64
Users Are Opting Out
Source: PageFair/Adobe
Ad Blockers Rising
Peer to Peer Model
$$$
10010110
DOWNLOADER UPLOADER
Money: Solving the Barter Problem Since 5000 BC
Money Solves the Barter Problem
Everywhere you want to be.
There are some things money can't buy.
For everything else, there's MasterCard.
TODAY
Payment Networks Compete For Reach
This used to be true for
information networks too
"… biggest …"
"… more members …"
"… more services…"
Internetworking commoditized reach
America's fastest Internet.
Reliable. Safe. Fast.
High-speed Internet from AT&T
Fast, reliable, unlimited Internet
WITH INTERNETWORKING
Providers Compete on Speed, Reliability, Ease-of-use
Sending Payment...
$1241.20 remaining; current speed: 13.2 $/s
Efficient Switching Removes Fixed Costs
unviable viable viable
fixed cost
Transaction size
Cost
Transaction size
Cost
pre-internetworking
fixed costs price out
long-tail use cases
post-internetworking
new business models
become possible
The Internet Enabled Fundamentally New Business Models
Internet — Cost vs Volume
SOURCES
Cisco
DrPeering
$$$
Large (>10$), Slow (several seconds), Few in Number
Today: Humans Pay for Goods and Services
2017
$$$
Payments in 2021: 100x Cheaper, 100x Smaller, but a Billion Times More Volume
Future: Humans Pay for Goods and Services
$$$
10010110
2017 2021
We will move from
mobile-first to AI-
first.
Sundar Pichai, CEO Google
85
This Applies to Everything
Data is Transforming Every Industry and This Will Transform Data
● Artificial Intelligence
● Virtual Reality
● Drones
● Internet of Things
● Self-Driving Cars
● Mobile
● World Wide Web
● Stocks
Get Paid for Submitting Training Data
Pay for Premium Content Experience
Pay for Recharging
Devices Providing Services to Each Other
Trade Road Data; Pay for Transit Priority
Disrupt App Marketplaces
Gain a Sustainable Business Model
Settle Trades Across Exchanges
Advertising and Marketplaces May Become Outdated Models
The Disrupter Becomes the Disruptee
1995-2016 2017-
?
Ledger Plugins
Elements of Interledger
Public Blockchains
Xe Et B Z
Et
Plugin
Ethereum
Public Blockchains
Basic Ethereum integration
Xe Plugin XRP
Public Blockchains
Using Escrow functionality on the XRP Ledger
Central Ledgers
Fb Gh Pp Ap
Gh Plugin Gatehub
Central Ledger
You'll hear more about this in a moment!
Simple Channels
V Xp Ep Bp
V Plugin Virtual
Basic Channels
Simplest possible ledger
Xp XRP PayChan
Basic Channels
Only in-flight funds are at risk
Et XeEthereum (Escrow) XRP (Escrow)
Lo' and Behold: Payment History
May 16, 2017
Fb
Five Bells
Demonstrating Interledger
Fb
V
Five Bells
Virtual
Fb
V
Et
Five Bells Ethereum (Escrow)
Virtual
Fb
V
Et
Xp
Five Bells Ethereum (Escrow)
Virtual XRP (PayChan)
Fb
V
Et
Xp
Ch
Five Bells Ethereum (Escrow)
Virtual XRP (PayChan)
Chain
Fb
V
Et
Xp
Ch
Five Bells Ethereum (Escrow)
Virtual XRP (PayChan)
Chain
V
Et
Xp
Ch
Bp
Ethereum (Escrow)
Virtual XRP (PayChan)
Chain
Bitcoin (Payment Channels)
V
Et
Xp
Ch
Bp
Xe
Ethereum (Escrow)
Virtual XRP (PayChan)
Chain XRP (Escrow)
Bitcoin (Payment Channels)
LET'S WATCH THE REACTION!
Simple Channels
V
Xp
Ep
Bp
State Channels
V
Xp
Ep
Bp
Xb
R
Li
Central Ledgers
V
Xp
Ep
Bp
Xb
R
Li
Fb Gh Pp Ap
Private Blockchains
V
Xp
Ep
Bp
Xb
R
Li
Fb Gh Pp Ap Ch
H
Public Blockchains
V
Xp Xb Ch Et
Xe
Ep R H B
Bp Li
Fb Gh Pp Ap
Z
Periodic Table of Ledgers
V
Xp Xb Ch Et
Xe
Ep R H B
Bp Li
Fb Gh Pp Ap
Z
Help Us Fill In The Blanks!
V
Xp Xb Ch Et
Xe
Ep R H B
Bp Li
Fb Gh Pp Ap
Z
W3C Web Payments
Interledger in the browser
A payment API built into the browser
115
const methodData = [{
supportedMethods: ["basic-card"],
data: {
supportedNetworks: ["visa", "mastercard"]
}
}, {
supportedMethods: ["interledger"],
data: {
spspEndpoint: "http://example.com/spsp/?invoice=1234"
}
}];
const payment = new PaymentRequest(methodData, details, options);
let paymentResponse;
paymentResponse = await payment.show();
validateResponse(paymentResponse);
paymentResponse.complete("success");
What does it look like
116
● Payment Request - https://www.w3.org/TR/payment-request/
● Payment Method Identifiers - https://w3c.github.io/webpayments-method-identifiers/
● Payment Handler - https://w3c.github.io/payment-handler/
● Payment Methods
Basic Card - https://w3c.github.io/webpayments-methods-card/
Interledger - https://w3c.github.io/webpayments/proposals/interledger-payment-method.html
Tokenized Card -
Credit Transfers - https://w3c.github.io/webpayments-methods-credit-transfer-direct-debit/
Specifications
Who’s involved
118

8 June 2017 - interledger at tu delft

Editor's Notes

  • #3 Banks such as CBA, Credit Agricole, Wells Fargo, BBVA, Capital One Central banks such as Federal Reserve Payments companies such as Alibaba (Alipay), Worldpay Consulting companie such as PwC Fintech companies such as Thompson Reuters Blockchain companies such as Blockstream, Tendermint, BigchainDB, Digital Asset Holdings, Skuchain
  • #14 In other words, people aren't going to agree on exactly one way that all ledgers in the world should work.
  • #23 This is made possible, because the Internet acts as a sort of abstraction layer.
  • #24 This is made possible, because the Internet acts as a sort of abstraction layer.
  • #34 Our starting point has to be two disconnected payment networks or ledgers.
  • #35 Our starting point has to be two disconnected payment networks or ledgers.
  • #36 To connect them, there must be some system which knows about both ledgers and can relay money. That system we call a connector. Of course, that connector could well be operated by the same institution as one of the ledgers. With everything here we assume parties can wear multiple hats. But it's still useful to break out the fundamental roles.
  • #37 To connect them, there must be some system which knows about both ledgers and can relay money. That system we call a connector. Of course, that connector could well be operated by the same institution as one of the ledgers. With everything here we assume parties can wear multiple hats. But it's still useful to break out the fundamental roles.
  • #38 To connect them, there must be some system which knows about both ledgers and can relay money. That system we call a connector. Of course, that connector could well be operated by the same institution as one of the ledgers. With everything here we assume parties can wear multiple hats. But it's still useful to break out the fundamental roles.
  • #39 To connect them, there must be some system which knows about both ledgers and can relay money. That system we call a connector. Of course, that connector could well be operated by the same institution as one of the ledgers. With everything here we assume parties can wear multiple hats. But it's still useful to break out the fundamental roles.
  • #50 You probably recognize this - an IP address. But what may surprise you is that the Internet Protocol does not specify much else. It doesn't even specify that routing works.
  • #51 You probably recognize this - an IP address. But what may surprise you is that the Internet Protocol does not specify much else. It doesn't even specify that routing works.
  • #54 You probably recognize this - an IP address. But what may surprise you is that the Internet Protocol does not specify much else. It doesn't even specify that routing works.
  • #63 Today, better value is highly bundled. (Similar to how newspapers used to bundle news because it was too inefficient to communicate them individually. Today we can and therefore we have RSS readers.) Spotify subscription – it’s a solid service in that you don’t need to worry about buying individual songs, but you also don’t get exactly what you want You can’t support the artists you like without also supporting hundreds of artists that you don’t like You can’t opt to purchase unbundled value Artists are kept out of the market when they can’t afford to pay the fees to Spotify – this barrier limits opportunities for innovation and new artists to enter the scene Conclusion: centralized programs are too controlled
  • #65 We use bundling, which is another form of barter. I'm bartering some of my attention for some of your news. On this slide, I've highlighted the ads in red and the actual content in green. If you're asking: "I don't see any green?" What, that's because… [next slide]
  • #66 … the content doesn't start until way down here.
  • #67 Adblocking has been growing rapidly, especially among Millenials, Generation X and Generation Z, the most valuable demographics.
  • #70 Let's look at the largest retail payment providers. Today, their messaging revolves around scale and reach.
  • #72 Before the Internet(working) revolution, online services providers were just like payment providers today. They were advertising only their reach.
  • #74 Let's look at the largest retail payment providers. Today, their messaging revolves around scale and reach.
  • #79 We previously talked about the drive to efficiency created by internetworking. This manifests in a drive towards automation, which in turn drives down fixed costs to nearly zero. In doing so, it creates opportunities for new business models.
  • #81 Instead, we think of the countless new businesses that the Internet has made possible.