The document discusses user defined functions in Python. It covers topics like defining functions, passing parameters to functions, returning values from functions, global vs local scope, passing lists/tuples to functions, and pass by reference vs pass by value. Examples are provided to illustrate function definition syntax, calling functions, accessing parameters and return values, modifying global vs local variables, iterating through passed lists/tuples, and how changes made to passed lists are reflected globally due to pass by reference in Python.

1. User defined
Functions

2. def fun( ):
print(“Hello Aditi”)
fun( ) Output
Hello
Aditi

3. function
Argument
def fun( ): function
definition
print(“Hello Aditi”)
fun( ) function Calling

4. Order of execution
2 def fun( ):
3 print(“Hello Aditi”)
1 fun( )

5. def fun( ):
print(“Hello Aditi”)
fun( )
fun( ) Output
Hello Aditi
Hello Aditi

6. Order of execution
2 5 def fun( ):
3 6 print(“Hello Aditi”)
1 fun( )
4 fun( ) Output
Hello Aditi
Hello Aditi

7. Order of Execution
2. def fun1( ):
3. print("Hello ")
5. def fun2( ):
6. print("Aditi ")
1. fun1( ) Output
4. fun2( ) Hello
Aditi

8. Order of Execution
5. def fun1( ):
6. print("Hello ")
2. def fun2( ):
3. print("Aditi ")
1. fun2( ) Output
4. fun1( ) Aditi
Hello

9. Order of Execution
5. def fun2( ):
6. print("Hello ")
2. def fun1( ):
3. print("Aditi ")
1. fun1( ) Output
4. fun2( ) Aditi
Hello

10. def fun2( ):
print(“Bhalu ")
print("Ramu ")
def fun1( ):
print("Aditi ")
fun2( )
print("Ritu ")
fun1( )
print("Raju ")
fun1()
print("Kalu ")

11. Order of Execution
5 14 def fun2( ):
6 15 print(“Bhalu ")
7 16 print("Ramu ")
2 11 def fun1( ):
3 12 print("Aditi ")
4 13 fun2( )
8 17 print("Ritu ")
1 fun1( )
9 print("Raju ")
10 fun1()
18 print("Kalu ")

12. def fun():
print("Shambhavi")
def fun1():
print("Jha")
OUTPUT
Shambhavi
fun()

13. def fun():
print("Shambhavi")
def fun1():
print("Jha")
OUTPUT
Shambhavi
Error
fun()
fun1()

14. def fun():
print("Shambhavi")
fun1()
def fun1():
print("Jha")
OUTPUT
Shambhavi
Error
fun()

15. def fun():
print("Shambhavi")
def fun1():
print("Jha")
fun1() OUTPUT
Shambhavi
Jha
fun()

16. Passing Parameters to function
def fun1(a):
print(a)
fun1(10) Output
10

17. Passing Parameters to function
def fun1(a):
print(a)
b=10
fun1(b) Output
10

18. Passing Parameters to function
def fun1(a):
print(a)
b=int(input(“Enter a number”))
fun1(b) Output
depends on input

19. Passing Parameters to function
def fun1(a):
print(a)
b=input(“Enter name”)
fun1(b) Output
depends on input

20. Passing Parameters to function
def fun1(a):
print(a)
b=input(“Enter name”)
fun1(b) Output
depends on input

21. Passing Parameters to function
def fun1(a):
print(“ Hello ”, a)
b=input(“Enter name”)
fun1(b) Output
depends on input

22. Passing Parameters to function
def fun1(d,e):
print(d+e)
b=int(input("Enter a number "))
c=int(input("Enter another number
"))
fun1(b,c)

23. Passing Parameters to function
def fun2(g):
print(g)
def fun1(d,e):
f=d+e
fun2(f)
b=int(input("Enter a number "))
c=int(input("Enter another number
"))
fun1(b,c)

24. def b(j):
print("sum is ",j)
def a(f,g):
h=f+g
b(h)
def k():
c=int(input("enter number "))
d=int(input("enter number "))
a(c,d)
k()

25. Returning values by the function
def fun2(g):
h=g*g
return h
b=int(input("Enter a number "))
c=fun2(b)
print(c)

26. Returning values by the function
def fun2():
b=int(input("Enter a number "))
h=b*b
return h
c=fun2()
print(c)

27. Returning values by the function
def fun2():
b=int(input("Enter a number "))
return b*b
c=fun2()
print(c)

28. Returning Integer
def b(c,d):
if c>d:
return c
else:
return d
a=b(10,20)
print(a)

29. Returning String
def b(c,d):
if c>d:
return "debanshi"
else:
return 'sampurna'
a=b(10,20)
print(a)

30. def y(z):
print("smahi")
for x in range(1,5):
y(x)

31. def y(a,b):
print(a,b,end=' ')
z=input("your name please ")
for x in range(1,5):
y(x,z)

32. def y(a):
for b in range(1,11):
print(a,'x',b,'=',a*b)
z=int(input("enter number "))
y(z)

33. def y(m):
return m*m
x=int(input("enter number "))
print("square of ",x,"is",y(x))

34. def y(m):
return m*m
def z(f):
return f*f*f
x=int(input("enter number "))
print("square is",y(x),"cube
is",z(x))

35. def z(a,b):
c=a+b-b*b+14-a-29
return c
x=10
y=20
if z(x,y)>12:
print ("RITU")
else:
print("ADITI")

36. def z(a,b):
e=a+b-24
f=24+a-b
return e,f
x=10
y=20
c,d=z(x,y)
print(c,d)

37. def z(a,b):
e=a+b-24
f=24+a-b
return e,f
x=10
y=20
c=z(x,y)
print(c)

38. def z(a,b):
e=a+b-24
f=24+a-b
return e,f
x=10
y=20
c=z(x,y)
print(c[0]+c[1])

39. def z(a,b):
e=a+b
f=a-b
g=a*b
h=a/b
i=a//b
j=a%b
return e,f,g,h,i,j
x=10
y=20
c=z(x,y)
for k in c:
print (k)

40. def z(a+3,b):
print (a*23+b-
32/a+b)
x=20
y=10
z(x,y)

41. def z(a,'b'):
print ("hello",b,a)
x=20
y='aditi'
z(x,y)

42. def x(y,z):
print(y+z)
x(10,20,30)

43. def x(y,z,a,b):
print(y+z+a*b)
x(10,20,30)

44. def x(y,z,a,b):
a=4
b=3
print(y+z+a*b)
x(10,20,30)

45. def x(y="RITU"):
print("hello ",y)
z="ADITI"
x()
x(z)

46. def x(y="RITU"):
print("hello "+y)
z="ADITI"
x()
x(z)

47. def x(y=100):
print("hello "+y)
z=50
x()
x(z)

48. def x(y=100):
print("hello ",y)
z=50
x()
x(z)

49. def x(y="RITU"):
print(y*5)
z="ADITI"
x()
x(z)

50. def x(a,y="RITU "):
print(y*a)
z="ADITI "
x(4)
x(3,z)

51. def x(a,r):
print("hello
",a,"and",r)
a="ritu"
r="aditi"
x(a,r)

52. def x(a,r):
print("hello
",a,"and",r)
a="ritu"
r="aditi"
x(r,a)

53. def x(a,r):
print("hello
",a,"and",r)
x(r="Aditi",a="ritu")

54. x(s,a="Aditi",r="ritu"):
print("hello
",a,"and",r,"or",s)
s="sampurna"
x(s)

55. x(s,a="Aditi",r="ritu"):
print("hello
",a,"and",r,"or",s)
s="sampurna"
x(s,a="akanksha")

56. x(s,a="Aditi",r="ritu"):
print("hello
",a,"and",r,"or",s)
s="sampurna"
x(s,a="akanksha",r="tanvi")

57. x(s,a="Aditi",r="ritu"):
print("hello
",a,"and",r,"or",s)
s="sampurna"
x(s,r="akanksha",a="tanvi")

58. x(s,a="Aditi",r="ritu"):
print("hello
",a,"and",r,"or",s)
s="sampurna"
x(r="akanksha",s,a="tanvi")

59. x(s,a="Aditi",r="ritu"):
print("hello
",a,"and",r,"or",s)
s="sampurna"
x(r="akanksha",a="tanvi",s)

60. x(s,a="Aditi",r="ritu"):
print("hello
",a,"and",r,"or",s)
s="sampurna"
x(s,r="akanksha")

61. x(s,a="Aditi",r="ritu"):
print("hello
",a,"and",r,"or",s)
t="sampurna"
x(t,r="akanksha")

62. def
x(s,a="Aditi",r="ritu"):
print("hello
",a,"and",r,"or",s)
x(r="akanksha",s="sampurna
")

63. def x(*s):
print (s)
x(5)

64. def x(*s):
print (s)
x(5,6)

65. def x(*s):
print (s)
x()

66. def x(*s):
for y in s:
print (y)
x(5)

67. def x(*s):
for y in s:
print (y)
x(5,8)

68. def x(*s):
for y in s:
print (y)
x(5,10,15)

69. def x(*s):
for y in s:
print (y)
x(‘amit’, ‘sumit’)

70. def x(*s):
for y in s:
print (y)
x(‘amit’, 45)

71. def x(*s):
for y in s:
print (y)
x([‘amit’, 45],[56,
‘sumit’])

72. def x(*s):
for y in s:
print (y)
x((‘amit’, 45),(56,
‘sumit’))

73. def x(*s):
for y in s:
print (y)
x((‘amit’, 45),[56,
‘sumit’])

74. def x(*s):
for y in s:
print (y)
x((‘amit’, 45),56, ‘sumit’)

75. def x(*s):
print (s)
x((‘amit’, 45),56, ‘sumit’)

76. def x(*s):
print (s[0])
x((‘amit’, 45),56, ‘sumit’)

77. def x(*s):
print (s[0],s[1])
x((‘amit’, 45),56, ‘sumit’)

78. def x(*s):
How to print amit
x((‘amit’, 45),56, ‘sumit’)

79. def x(*s):
print(s[0][0])
x((‘amit’, 45),56, ‘sumit’)

80. GLOBAL
Vs
LOCAL

81. x=1
def y():
print(x)

82. x=1
def y():
print(x)
y()

83. x=1
def y():
print(x)
y()
print(x)

84. def y():
x=1
print(x)
y()
print(x)

85. def y():
x=1
print(x)
y()
print(x) ERROR

86. def f1():
x=15
print(x) 15
x=12
f1()

87. def f1():
x=100
print(x) 100
x=+1
f1()

88. def san(x):
print(x+1) 13
x=-2
x=4
san(12)

89. x=1 GLOBAL
def y():
print(x)
z=2 LOCAL
y()
print(z) ERROR

90. x=1
def y():
z=1
print(x) OKAY
print(z) OKAY
y()
print(x) OKAY
print(z) ERROR

91. x=1 GLOBAL
def y():
x=2 LOCAL
print(x)
y() OUTPUT
print(x) 2
x=3 1
y() 2
print(x) 3

92. x=1 GLOBAL
def y():
x=2 LOCAL
print(x)
x=4 LOCAL
y() OUTPUT
print(x) 2
x=3 1
y() 2
print(x) 3

93. x=1
def y():
print(x)
x=4 Error trying to
change global x
y()
print(x)
x=3
y()
print(x)

94. x=1
def y():
x=4 OK creating local
x
print(x)
y()
print(x)
x=3
y()
print(x)

95. x=1
def y():
x=x+1 ERROR due to x
after =
print(x)
y()
print(x)
x=3
y()
print(x)

96. x=12
def f1(a,b=x):
print(a,b) 4
12
x=15
f1(4)

97. def f1(a,b=x):
print(a,b)
x=15
f1(4) Error

98. def f1():
global x
x+=1
print(x)
x=12
print(“x”)

99. def f1():
global x
x+=1
print(x)
x=12
f1()
print(“x”)

100. def f1():
global x
x+=1
print(x)
x=12
f1()
print(x)

101. def f1(x):
global x ERROR
x+=1
print(x)
f1(15)
print("hello")

102. def f1(x):
ERROR
global x
x+=1
print(x)
x=10
f1(15)
print("hello")

103. def f1(z):
OKAY
global x
x+=1
print(x) 11
x=10 hello
f1(15)
print("hello")

104. def f1(z):
global x
x+=1+z
print(x) 26
x=10 hello
f1(15)
print("hello")

105. def f():
global a
print(a) world
a = "hello"
print(a) hello
a = "world"
f()
print(a) hello

106. def f(p, q, r):
global s
p = 10
q = 20
r = 30
s = 40
print(p,q,r,s)
p,q,r,s = 1,2,3,4
f(5,10,15)

107. def f(p, q, r):
global s
p = 10
q = 20
r = 30
s = 40
print(p,q,r,s)
p,q,r,s = 1,2,3,4
f(5,10,15)
print(p,q,r,s)

108. Passing
LIST/TUPLE

109. def x(a):
print(a)
b=[10,20,30,40]
x(b)

110. def x(a):
print(a)
b=(10,20,30,40)
x(b)

111. def x(a):
for c in a:
print(c)
b=[10,20,30,40]
x(b)

112. def x(a):
d=0
for c in a:
d=d+c
print(c)
b=[10,20,30,40]
x(b)

113. def x(a):
d=0
for c in a:
d=d+c
print(d)
b=[10,20,30,40]
x(b)

114. def x(a):
d=0
for c in a:
d=d+c
print(d+c)
b=[10,20,30,40]
x(b)

115. Pass
By
VALUE

116. def x(y):
print(y)
y=30
print(y)
y=20
x(y)
print(y)

117. Pass By
REFERENCE

118. def x(a):
print(a)
a[0]=a[1]+a[2]
a[1]=a[0]+a[2]
a[2]=a[0]+a[1]
print(a)
PASS BY
REFERENCE
b=[10,20,30]
print(b)
x(b)
print (b)

119. def x(a):
print(a)
a[0]=a[1]+a[2] ERROR
a[1]=a[0]+a[2]
a[2]=a[0]+a[1]
print(a)
b=(10,20,30)
print(b)
x(b)
print (b)

120. x="Ritu and Aditi is the best
friend"
y=x.split()
print (y)

121. x="Ritu and Aditi is the best
friend"
y=x.split(" ")
print (y)

122. x="Ritu,and,Aditi,is,the,best,friend"
y=x.split(",")
print (y)

123. x="Ritu@and@Aditi@is@the@best@frie
nd"
y=x.split("@")
print (y)

124. x="Ritu@and@Aditi@is@the@best@frie
nd"
y=x.split("#")
print (y)

125. x="Ritu and aditi is the best friend"
y=x.split("a")
print (y)

126. def x(y):
z.append(45)
print(z)
z=input("enter comma separated numbers ")
print(z)
z=z.split(",")
print(z)
for t in range(len(z)):
z[t]=int(z[t])
print(z)
x(z)
print (z)

127. def x(y):
for z in range(len(y)):
if z%2==0:
y[z]+=2
else:
y[z]-=1
print (y)
a=[9,8,3,5,3,7,2,5,5,6]
print(a)
x(a)
print(a)

128. def x(y):
for z in range(len(y)):
if y[z]%2==0:
y[z]+=2
else:
y[z]-=1
print (y)
a=[9,8,3,5,3,7,2,5,5,6]
print(a)
x(a)
print(a)

129. def x(y):
for z in range(len(y)):
if y[z]%2!=0:
y[z]=y[z+1]
else:
y[z]=y[z]+1
print (y)
a=[9,8,3,5,3,7,2,5,5,6]
print(a)
x(a)
print(a)

130. def x(y):
for z in range(len(y)):
if y[z]%2!=0:
y.append(23)
else:
y.clear()
print (y)
a=[9,8,3,5,3,7,2,5,5,6]
print(a)
x(a)
print(a)

131. def x(y):
for z in range(len(y)):
if y[z]%2!=0:
y.append(22)
else:
y.clear()
print (y)
a=[9,8,3,5,3,7,2,5,5,6]
print(a)
x(a)
print(a)

132. def x(y):
for z in range(len(y)):
if y[z]%2!=0:
y.append(22)
print (y, len(a))
a=[9,8,3,5,3,7,2,5,5,6]
print(a,len(a))
x(a)
print(a,len(a))

133. def x(y):
for z in range(len(y)):
if y[z]%2!=0:
y.append(23)
print (y)
a=[9,8,3,5,3,7,2,5,5,6]
print(a)
x(a)
print(a)

134. x=3
for y in range(x):
print(y)
x=x+1

135. x=3
for y in range(x):
print(y)
x=x+1
print(x)

136. x=3
for y in range(x):
print(y)
x=x+1
print(x)
print(x)

137. x=3
for y in range(x):
print(y)
x=x+1
print(x)
print(x)
print(y)

138. x=3
for y in range(x):
print(y)
x=x+1
print(x)
y=100
print(x)
print(y)

139. x=3
for y in range(x):
print(y)
x=x+1
print(x)
y=y+1
print(x)
print(y)

140. def x():
print("Debanshi ")
x()
x()

141. def x():
print("Debanshi ")
x()
print("SAMPURNA ")
x()

142. def x():
print("Debanshi ")
y()
def y():
print("Smahi ")
x()
print("SAMPURNA ")
x()

143. def x(z):
if z==10:
print("Ritu ")
else:
x(z-1)
y=10
x(y)

144. def x(z):
if z==1:
return z
else:
x(z-1)
return z
y=4
print(x(y))

145. def x(z):
if z==1:
return z
else:
x(z-1)
return z
y=4
x(y)

146. def x(z):
if z==1:
return z
else:
print(x(z-1))
return z
y=4
print(x(y))