The document provides background information on two influential English writers from the Age of Enlightenment - Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift. It summarizes Defoe's most famous novel, Robinson Crusoe, about a man shipwrecked on a deserted island, and how it spread Enlightenment ideals of self-sufficiency and industriousness. It also discusses Swift's satirical masterpiece, Gulliver's Travels, which critiqued human folly through the adventures of Lemuel Gulliver to the lands of Lilliputians and giants. Both works had a profound impact and helped shape political and social thought during this period of intellectual and philosophical development in Europe.
Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift were two influential authors during the late 17th and early 18th centuries known for their satirical works; Defoe wrote Robinson Crusoe which explored themes of individualism while Swift's Gulliver's Travels used satire to criticize politics and society in England through the travels of Gulliver to fantastical lands. Both authors employed realistic styles and the travel narrative form to explore social and political issues of their time through satire and allegory.
Daniel Defoe was born in London in 1660 and witnessed the Great Plague and Fire of London as a child. He became a dissenter, merchant, writer, and spy who authored over 500 works. His most famous novel, Robinson Crusoe, was published in 1719 when he was around 60 years old. It was based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk and helped establish the genre of the novel. The story follows Robinson Crusoe as he is shipwrecked on an island, where he learns to survive on his own for decades until being rescued.
This document provides information about a team teaching lesson on the Age of Enlightenment author Daniel Defoe and his novel "Robinson Crusoe". It outlines Defoe's biography and background, key details about the novel including its inspiration and full title, and how the title relates to the plot, characters, and themes of loneliness and survival explored in the story. The lesson will examine Defoe and "Robinson Crusoe" through the perspectives of both a history and literature teacher.
105 Comparison of 'Gulliver's Travels'and 'Robinson Crusoe'.pptxGayatri Nimavat
Gulliver's Travels and Robinson Crusoe both feature protagonists who find themselves in unfamiliar environments after unexpected events. While Robinson Crusoe adapts to being stranded on a deserted island, Gulliver endures a series of voyages that land him in different societies. The novels offer opposing views of colonialism, with Crusoe supporting European dominance and Gulliver questioning colonial motives. Both works had a profound influence on postcolonial literature and remain seminal examples of the colonial novel.
Daniel Defoe Life and works English Literature.pptxRichieRichie11
Daniel Defoe was an English writer born in 1660 who experienced the Great Plague and Great Fire of London as a child. He came from a dissenting religious family and wrote works supporting religious freedom. He is considered one of the first English novelists and wrote Robinson Crusoe, often described as the first novel. Robinson Crusoe follows a man shipwrecked on an island for 28 years, depicting themes of individualism, religion, and colonialism.
Daniel Defoe was an English author in the late 17th and early 18th centuries known for works such as Robinson Crusoe. He lived a varied life as a merchant, soldier, and spy before becoming a prolific writer. Defoe produced over 500 works reflecting the social and political issues of his time, including the Acts of Union. His characters like Crusoe and Moll Flanders embodied changing values as individuals gained more independence and self-actualization during the Enlightenment. Through his novels, Defoe explored themes of religion, society, and one's ability to fulfill their own potential despite obstacles.
This document provides a summary of Jonathan Swift's life and work, with an emphasis on his famous satirical novel "Gulliver's Travels". It describes Swift's upbringing in Ireland and education in England, as well as his career as a clergyman and writer. It then summarizes the plot and themes of each of the four parts of "Gulliver's Travels", in which Swift satirizes politics, science, and humanity through Gulliver's fantastical voyages to miniature and giant lands.
Daniel Defoe was an 18th century English novelist, journalist, and pamphleteer. Some key facts about his life and works:
- He was born in London in 1660 and survived major events like the Great Fire of London and the Plague of London. He left school at 18 and worked in business.
- His most famous novel, Robinson Crusoe, was published in 1719 and told the story of a castaway who spent 28 years on a remote tropical island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers, before being rescued.
- In addition to Robinson Crusoe, Defoe wrote other novels that featured themes of adventure and travel
Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift were two influential authors during the late 17th and early 18th centuries known for their satirical works; Defoe wrote Robinson Crusoe which explored themes of individualism while Swift's Gulliver's Travels used satire to criticize politics and society in England through the travels of Gulliver to fantastical lands. Both authors employed realistic styles and the travel narrative form to explore social and political issues of their time through satire and allegory.
Daniel Defoe was born in London in 1660 and witnessed the Great Plague and Fire of London as a child. He became a dissenter, merchant, writer, and spy who authored over 500 works. His most famous novel, Robinson Crusoe, was published in 1719 when he was around 60 years old. It was based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk and helped establish the genre of the novel. The story follows Robinson Crusoe as he is shipwrecked on an island, where he learns to survive on his own for decades until being rescued.
This document provides information about a team teaching lesson on the Age of Enlightenment author Daniel Defoe and his novel "Robinson Crusoe". It outlines Defoe's biography and background, key details about the novel including its inspiration and full title, and how the title relates to the plot, characters, and themes of loneliness and survival explored in the story. The lesson will examine Defoe and "Robinson Crusoe" through the perspectives of both a history and literature teacher.
105 Comparison of 'Gulliver's Travels'and 'Robinson Crusoe'.pptxGayatri Nimavat
Gulliver's Travels and Robinson Crusoe both feature protagonists who find themselves in unfamiliar environments after unexpected events. While Robinson Crusoe adapts to being stranded on a deserted island, Gulliver endures a series of voyages that land him in different societies. The novels offer opposing views of colonialism, with Crusoe supporting European dominance and Gulliver questioning colonial motives. Both works had a profound influence on postcolonial literature and remain seminal examples of the colonial novel.
Daniel Defoe Life and works English Literature.pptxRichieRichie11
Daniel Defoe was an English writer born in 1660 who experienced the Great Plague and Great Fire of London as a child. He came from a dissenting religious family and wrote works supporting religious freedom. He is considered one of the first English novelists and wrote Robinson Crusoe, often described as the first novel. Robinson Crusoe follows a man shipwrecked on an island for 28 years, depicting themes of individualism, religion, and colonialism.
Daniel Defoe was an English author in the late 17th and early 18th centuries known for works such as Robinson Crusoe. He lived a varied life as a merchant, soldier, and spy before becoming a prolific writer. Defoe produced over 500 works reflecting the social and political issues of his time, including the Acts of Union. His characters like Crusoe and Moll Flanders embodied changing values as individuals gained more independence and self-actualization during the Enlightenment. Through his novels, Defoe explored themes of religion, society, and one's ability to fulfill their own potential despite obstacles.
This document provides a summary of Jonathan Swift's life and work, with an emphasis on his famous satirical novel "Gulliver's Travels". It describes Swift's upbringing in Ireland and education in England, as well as his career as a clergyman and writer. It then summarizes the plot and themes of each of the four parts of "Gulliver's Travels", in which Swift satirizes politics, science, and humanity through Gulliver's fantastical voyages to miniature and giant lands.
Daniel Defoe was an 18th century English novelist, journalist, and pamphleteer. Some key facts about his life and works:
- He was born in London in 1660 and survived major events like the Great Fire of London and the Plague of London. He left school at 18 and worked in business.
- His most famous novel, Robinson Crusoe, was published in 1719 and told the story of a castaway who spent 28 years on a remote tropical island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers, before being rescued.
- In addition to Robinson Crusoe, Defoe wrote other novels that featured themes of adventure and travel
Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe tells the story of a man who survives a shipwreck and spends 28 years as the sole inhabitant of a remote tropical island near modern-day Venezuela. He learns to provide food, water and shelter for himself, encounters cannibals and other dangers, and is eventually rescued. The book was influenced by the real-life story of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish castaway. It is considered one of the first novels in English.
Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe tells the story of a man who survives a shipwreck and spends 28 years as the sole inhabitant of a remote tropical island near Trinidad. He learns to provide food, water and shelter for himself, encounters cannibals and other visitors to the island, and is eventually rescued. The success of the novel established the castaway genre and influenced other classic tales of adventure such as Gulliver's Travels.
Jonathan Swift was an 18th century Anglo-Irish satirist born in Dublin, Ireland in 1667. He is best known for works like Gulliver's Travels, A Tale of a Tub, and A Modest Proposal. As a satirist, Swift used works like Gulliver's Travels to criticize politics, society, and human folly through techniques like exaggeration, parody, and name-calling. In Gulliver's Travels, Lemuel Gulliver travels to strange lands that represent flaws in human society. The final journey, where he lives with rational horses and human-like Yahoos, shows signs of Swift's declining mental state. Swift remained a controversial figure who
Daniel Defoe was an English writer in the 17th century known for establishing the realistic novel and pioneering journalism. He wrote political pamphlets supporting King William III that attracted attacks from opposing Tories. Imprisoned for a pamphlet defending Dissenters, Defoe was sentenced to stand in the pillory but was cheered by crowds. His most famous novel, Robinson Crusoe, was inspired by the true story of a man shipwrecked alone for years and brought him widespread fame and financial success.
Daniel Defoe was an English novelist born in 1660. He is considered the founder of the English novel and is best known for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Robinson Crusoe tells the story of a castaway who spends 28 years on a remote island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers before being rescued. It was an instant success and helped popularize the Robinsonade genre of novels involving shipwrecked protagonists. The novel also examined themes of colonialism, religion, and man's relationship with nature.
Daniel Defoe was an English novelist, journalist, and pamphleteer born in 1661. Along with Samuel Richardson, he is considered one of the founders of the English novel. He is most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719, about a man shipwrecked alone on an island. Defoe wrote several other novels later in his career, including Moll Flanders and Roxana. He was also a prolific writer of pamphlets and works of political and historical non-fiction up until his death in 1731.
This document provides a summary of Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe. It notes that Defoe was born in 1660 in London and started writing novels later in life. The novel Robinson Crusoe is loosely based on the story of a man named Alexander Selkirk, who spent years alone on an island. The summary then outlines the plot of the novel, including Robinson Crusoe's journey, being shipwrecked on an island, his building of shelter and finding supplies, taking on Friday as a companion, and eventually being rescued after many years alone on the island.
This document provides a summary of Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe. It notes that Defoe was born in 1660 in London and started writing novels later in life. The novel Robinson Crusoe is loosely based on the story of a man named Alexander Selkirk, who spent years alone on an island. The summary then outlines the plot of the novel, including Robinson Crusoe's journey, being shipwrecked on an island, his building of shelter and finding supplies, taking on Friday as a companion, and eventually being rescued after many years alone on the island.
Jonathan Swift was an Irish clergyman, satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer and poet. Some of his most famous works include Gulliver's Travels, A Tale of a Tub, The Battle of the Books, and A Modest Proposal. He received his bachelor's degree from Trinity College in Dublin and later became the Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin. Throughout his career, Swift used satire to critique politics, science, philosophy and other aspects of society. He never married but had a close relationship with Esther Johnson, who predeceased him. Swift suffered a stroke later in life and died in 1745 at the age of 78.
This Presentation is a part of my academic presentation of Neo Classical Literature, Department of M A English M K Bhavnagar University and it is submitted to Prof. Dr Dilip Barad sir .
Daniel Defoe was an 18th century English novelist, journalist, and pamphleteer best known for his novel Robinson Crusoe. The novel tells the story of a man shipwrecked on an uninhabited island for 28 years, where he learns to survive on his own. He encounters dangers at sea on three separate journeys and is the sole survivor of a shipwreck, coming ashore with only some tools and provisions. Alone on the island, he builds a home and learns to cultivate crops, treat illness, and weave clothes. He later encounters another castaway named Friday, who becomes his companion. They are eventually rescued after 28 years.
Jonathan swift is one of the multitudes of brilliant writers that hail from t...Puntel Petronela
Jonathan Swift is one of Ireland's most renowned satirists. Born in Dublin in 1667, he was educated at Kilkenny School and Trinity College before becoming an assistant to Sir William Temple. During this time, he began writing about the social issues he witnessed. His most famous work, Gulliver's Travels, was published in 1726 and uses satire to critique politics, society, and human nature by chronicling the voyages of Lemuel Gulliver. Gulliver encounters tiny Lilliputians, giant Brobdingnags, and rational horses as a way to comment on European civilization. Swift's work made him one of England's most prominent social commentators.
Daniel DeFoe was an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer born in the 17th century in London. He is best known as the author of Robinson Crusoe, considered one of the first novels in English. DeFoe had a varied career and wrote over 500 books, pamphlets, and journals on diverse topics from politics to the supernatural. Despite his success as a writer, he struggled financially and was imprisoned multiple times for his political writings. He died in 1731 in London buried in Bunhill Fields.
Theme 8 відомі письменники великобританії та сшаolga_ruo
This document summarizes information about famous English and American writers, including their names, pen names, places of birth, and most famous works. It provides details about William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Rudyard Kipling, O'Henry, Mark Twain, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Washington Irving, and Daniel Defoe. Key details include Shakespeare being born in Stratford-upon-Avon and writing famous plays like Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet, Dickens addressing social problems through novels like Oliver Twist, and Kipling being born in India and writing The Jungle Book.
Daniel Defoe was an English writer born in 1660 who is considered the founder of the English novel. Some of his most famous works include Moll Flanders, A Journal of the Plague Year, and Robinson Crusoe. Robinson Crusoe was based partly on the true story of Scottish castaway Alexander Selkirk, who spent over four years stranded on an uninhabited island in the early 1700s. Defoe came from a middle-class family, received a dissenting education, and published many political pamphlets and satires throughout his career in addition to his groundbreaking novels.
Heart Touching Romantic Love Shayari In English with ImagesShort Good Quotes
Explore our beautiful collection of Romantic Love Shayari in English to express your love. These heartfelt shayaris are perfect for sharing with your loved one. Get the best words to show your love and care.
This tutorial offers a step-by-step guide on how to effectively use Pinterest. It covers the basics such as account creation and navigation, as well as advanced techniques including creating eye-catching pins and optimizing your profile. The tutorial also explores collaboration and networking on the platform. With visual illustrations and clear instructions, this tutorial will equip you with the skills to navigate Pinterest confidently and achieve your goals.
Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe tells the story of a man who survives a shipwreck and spends 28 years as the sole inhabitant of a remote tropical island near modern-day Venezuela. He learns to provide food, water and shelter for himself, encounters cannibals and other dangers, and is eventually rescued. The book was influenced by the real-life story of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish castaway. It is considered one of the first novels in English.
Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe tells the story of a man who survives a shipwreck and spends 28 years as the sole inhabitant of a remote tropical island near Trinidad. He learns to provide food, water and shelter for himself, encounters cannibals and other visitors to the island, and is eventually rescued. The success of the novel established the castaway genre and influenced other classic tales of adventure such as Gulliver's Travels.
Jonathan Swift was an 18th century Anglo-Irish satirist born in Dublin, Ireland in 1667. He is best known for works like Gulliver's Travels, A Tale of a Tub, and A Modest Proposal. As a satirist, Swift used works like Gulliver's Travels to criticize politics, society, and human folly through techniques like exaggeration, parody, and name-calling. In Gulliver's Travels, Lemuel Gulliver travels to strange lands that represent flaws in human society. The final journey, where he lives with rational horses and human-like Yahoos, shows signs of Swift's declining mental state. Swift remained a controversial figure who
Daniel Defoe was an English writer in the 17th century known for establishing the realistic novel and pioneering journalism. He wrote political pamphlets supporting King William III that attracted attacks from opposing Tories. Imprisoned for a pamphlet defending Dissenters, Defoe was sentenced to stand in the pillory but was cheered by crowds. His most famous novel, Robinson Crusoe, was inspired by the true story of a man shipwrecked alone for years and brought him widespread fame and financial success.
Daniel Defoe was an English novelist born in 1660. He is considered the founder of the English novel and is best known for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Robinson Crusoe tells the story of a castaway who spends 28 years on a remote island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers before being rescued. It was an instant success and helped popularize the Robinsonade genre of novels involving shipwrecked protagonists. The novel also examined themes of colonialism, religion, and man's relationship with nature.
Daniel Defoe was an English novelist, journalist, and pamphleteer born in 1661. Along with Samuel Richardson, he is considered one of the founders of the English novel. He is most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719, about a man shipwrecked alone on an island. Defoe wrote several other novels later in his career, including Moll Flanders and Roxana. He was also a prolific writer of pamphlets and works of political and historical non-fiction up until his death in 1731.
This document provides a summary of Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe. It notes that Defoe was born in 1660 in London and started writing novels later in life. The novel Robinson Crusoe is loosely based on the story of a man named Alexander Selkirk, who spent years alone on an island. The summary then outlines the plot of the novel, including Robinson Crusoe's journey, being shipwrecked on an island, his building of shelter and finding supplies, taking on Friday as a companion, and eventually being rescued after many years alone on the island.
This document provides a summary of Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe. It notes that Defoe was born in 1660 in London and started writing novels later in life. The novel Robinson Crusoe is loosely based on the story of a man named Alexander Selkirk, who spent years alone on an island. The summary then outlines the plot of the novel, including Robinson Crusoe's journey, being shipwrecked on an island, his building of shelter and finding supplies, taking on Friday as a companion, and eventually being rescued after many years alone on the island.
Jonathan Swift was an Irish clergyman, satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer and poet. Some of his most famous works include Gulliver's Travels, A Tale of a Tub, The Battle of the Books, and A Modest Proposal. He received his bachelor's degree from Trinity College in Dublin and later became the Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin. Throughout his career, Swift used satire to critique politics, science, philosophy and other aspects of society. He never married but had a close relationship with Esther Johnson, who predeceased him. Swift suffered a stroke later in life and died in 1745 at the age of 78.
This Presentation is a part of my academic presentation of Neo Classical Literature, Department of M A English M K Bhavnagar University and it is submitted to Prof. Dr Dilip Barad sir .
Daniel Defoe was an 18th century English novelist, journalist, and pamphleteer best known for his novel Robinson Crusoe. The novel tells the story of a man shipwrecked on an uninhabited island for 28 years, where he learns to survive on his own. He encounters dangers at sea on three separate journeys and is the sole survivor of a shipwreck, coming ashore with only some tools and provisions. Alone on the island, he builds a home and learns to cultivate crops, treat illness, and weave clothes. He later encounters another castaway named Friday, who becomes his companion. They are eventually rescued after 28 years.
Jonathan swift is one of the multitudes of brilliant writers that hail from t...Puntel Petronela
Jonathan Swift is one of Ireland's most renowned satirists. Born in Dublin in 1667, he was educated at Kilkenny School and Trinity College before becoming an assistant to Sir William Temple. During this time, he began writing about the social issues he witnessed. His most famous work, Gulliver's Travels, was published in 1726 and uses satire to critique politics, society, and human nature by chronicling the voyages of Lemuel Gulliver. Gulliver encounters tiny Lilliputians, giant Brobdingnags, and rational horses as a way to comment on European civilization. Swift's work made him one of England's most prominent social commentators.
Daniel DeFoe was an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer born in the 17th century in London. He is best known as the author of Robinson Crusoe, considered one of the first novels in English. DeFoe had a varied career and wrote over 500 books, pamphlets, and journals on diverse topics from politics to the supernatural. Despite his success as a writer, he struggled financially and was imprisoned multiple times for his political writings. He died in 1731 in London buried in Bunhill Fields.
Theme 8 відомі письменники великобританії та сшаolga_ruo
This document summarizes information about famous English and American writers, including their names, pen names, places of birth, and most famous works. It provides details about William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Rudyard Kipling, O'Henry, Mark Twain, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Washington Irving, and Daniel Defoe. Key details include Shakespeare being born in Stratford-upon-Avon and writing famous plays like Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet, Dickens addressing social problems through novels like Oliver Twist, and Kipling being born in India and writing The Jungle Book.
Daniel Defoe was an English writer born in 1660 who is considered the founder of the English novel. Some of his most famous works include Moll Flanders, A Journal of the Plague Year, and Robinson Crusoe. Robinson Crusoe was based partly on the true story of Scottish castaway Alexander Selkirk, who spent over four years stranded on an uninhabited island in the early 1700s. Defoe came from a middle-class family, received a dissenting education, and published many political pamphlets and satires throughout his career in addition to his groundbreaking novels.
Heart Touching Romantic Love Shayari In English with ImagesShort Good Quotes
Explore our beautiful collection of Romantic Love Shayari in English to express your love. These heartfelt shayaris are perfect for sharing with your loved one. Get the best words to show your love and care.
This tutorial offers a step-by-step guide on how to effectively use Pinterest. It covers the basics such as account creation and navigation, as well as advanced techniques including creating eye-catching pins and optimizing your profile. The tutorial also explores collaboration and networking on the platform. With visual illustrations and clear instructions, this tutorial will equip you with the skills to navigate Pinterest confidently and achieve your goals.
The cherry: beauty, softness, its heart-shaped plastic has inspired artists since Antiquity. Cherries and strawberries were considered the fruits of paradise and thus represented the souls of men.
Fashionista Chic Couture Maze & Coloring Adventures is a coloring and activity book filled with many maze games and coloring activities designed to delight and engage young fashion enthusiasts. Each page offers a unique blend of fashion-themed mazes and stylish illustrations to color, inspiring creativity and problem-solving skills in children.
This document announces the winners of the 2024 Youth Poster Contest organized by MATFORCE. It lists the grand prize and age category winners for grades K-6, 7-12, and individual age groups from 5 years old to 18 years old.
My storyboard for a sword fight scene with lightsabers
6.The enlightenment.pptx
1. 6.The enlightenment
The Plan:
1.Historical Background: Glorious Revolution;
2. Daniel Defoe (1661- 1731);
2.1. “Robinson Crusoe”;
3. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745);
3.1. “Gulliver’s Travels”.
Bibliography: O.V. Tumbina “Lectures on English Literature 5th-
20th centuries”, St. Petersburg
2. 1.Historical Background: Glorious Revolution
The Age of Enlightenment was a period in Europe during the
18th century (1688-1789) when the writers wrote that science
and the use of reason would help the society to develop.
The history of England of the second half of the 17th century
and during the 18th century was marked by British colonial
expansion.
The Glorious Revolution was the political background of the
development of the political literature. The writers of the
Enlightenment fought for freedom. Most of them wrote political
pamphlets , but the best came from the pen of Daniel Defoe and
Jonathan Swift.
The writers of the Age of Enlightenment wanted to improve
the world. But some of them hoped to do this only by teaching .
Others openly protested against the social order.
4. 2. Daniel Defoe (Foe, he added “De” 40 years later)
called himself fortunate in his education as well as in his
family. His father expected him to become a Minister , but
Daniel became a commission merchant. He travelled a lot
and knew several languages. By the 1684 Defoe was a
well-to-do businessman and he married a young girl of
20. Defoe was too energetic. That’s why when his
business began to bore him he looked for more thrilling
speculations. As a result , in 1692 Defoe was forced into
bankruptcy. But he wasn’t upset. He was an optimist : he
decided to publish his first book “An Essay upon
Projects”. He wrote down the suggestions how to improve
roads.
6. In 1719 his masterpiece “Robinson Crusoe” appeared. Then he
retired to the comfortable country house that he shared with his wife
and two unmarried daughters.
In 1722 Defoe published his novel “The Adventures of Colonel
Jack”, then “Roxana” appeared.
Despite his several bankruptcies, Defoe wrote with enthusiasm
about trade. Daniel Defoe died in 1731 in London.
“Roxana” “Robinson Crusoe”
7. 2.1. “Robinson Crusoe”
“Robinson Crusoe” is Defoe’s best novel. The story is
based on a real event. Alexander Selkirk , a sailor who
quarreled with his captain , was put on the island near Chile
and lived there alone for four years. “Robinson Crusoe” praises
human labour which saves him from despair. Defoe describes
his hero with warmth and sympathy. He shows the
development of Robinson Crusoe .
At the beginning of the story we get acquainted with an
inexperienced young creature who later becomes a strong –
willed and hard-working man, and at the end of the book we
see a philosopher able to withstand all the misfortunes and
hardships of his destiny.
Robinson Crusoe doesn’t lose his courage. He tries to be
reasonable. His motto is: “Never say die” .
8. He always hopes for the best. Robinson Crusoe becomes
an enthusiastic worker, he proves to be skilful and talented.
Crusoe keeps his diary as long as he has something to write
with.
Defoe proves the fact that man can live by himself even in
such a situation , on an uninhabited island. Defoe is a writer of
the Age of Enlightenment , that’s why he teaches people how
to live and what to do in order to live better. Defoe’s Crusoe
like Defoe himself , is very practical. He is extremely
interested only in himself and his property. He wants to be the
master of the island. He is glad and proud of his self-
confidence. As soon as a coloured man appears on the island,
Robinson Crusoe makes him his servant, because slavery
seems natural to Defoe. “Master” is the first word he teaches
Friday to pronounce.
10. Friday is the other main character of the book. The author
sympathizes with him , appreciates his willingness to help ,
his obedience to his “master”. The author reveals his
characters superstitious . Both are very religious Crusoe
believes in God and in Providence.
The novel is a glorification of labour and energy. But these
qualities are exaggerated. According to Defoe man can live by
himself comfortably and make all the things he needs with
his own hands. Besides , Robinson Crusoe uses the experience
of the previous generations and civilizations.
Daniel Defoe is a master of realistic details . His novel
“Robinson Crusoe” is not only a work of fiction and an
educational pamphlet. It is a study of man in relation to
nature. The author emphasizes the triumph of man over
nature.
11. 3. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
Jonathan Swift was one of the famous English writers of the
Age of Enlightenment. He was a bitter satirist of the beginning
of the 18th century. Swift was born in Dublin in 1667. But his
parents were both English. His father was unfortunate, he died
at 25. Swift was born on 30 November 1667, six months after
his father’s death. His uncle Godwin Swift undertook to pay
for his upbringing and education, but Swift hated his uncle.
Swift was educated at Trinity College with little
satisfaction. He was graduated without honours in 1688 and
became a secretary of an important statesman and diplomat in
England. When his master died in 1699, he was given the
position of chaplain to the Earl of Berkeley. Swift visited
different political clubs, wrote his important pamphlets and
got acquainted with famous people.
12. In 1742 at the age 74 Swift was declared insane. In 1745
he died and was buried with simplicity. Swift remains one of
the very few who have made satire an effective weapon with
which he attacks the enemy.
3.1. “Gulliver’s Travels”
Jonathan’s masterpiece ,“Gulliver’s Travels” appeared
in 1726. It is divided into 4 books, but the young people
prefer to read only two of them: about Gulliver’s voyages to
Lilliput and Brobdingnag (where the people are giants). The
Lilliputians fight wars which seem foolish. The King of
Brobdingnag thinks that people are the most terrible
creatures on the Earth.
14. Lemuel Gulliver is the main character of the book. He is
educated both as a doctor and as a sailor. He is given the job
of a ship surgeon and sets sail from Bristol on 4th May,1699.
It is his first voyage. The cruise is a success, but after a
long trading tour the ship is driven out of their rout by a
storm and got on a strange land.
While asleep he is captured and bound by several thousand
of small inhabitants. After many adventures Gulliver returns
to England. There he succeeds in a small business by selling
a number of the Lilliputian sheep, cows and other things
which he has taken with him.
Two months later, on 20 June 1702, he goes to sea again.
The ship is driven out of its course by a storm. The members
of the boat got on the strange shore. While Gulliver wanders
along the shore the others are terrified by some giants and
escape, leaving Gulliver alone.
15. But in the end Gulliver manages to escape, and returns
home.
Gulliver’s third voyage takes place a few months later:
Gulliver is captured by pirates. After that he manages to
escape with the help of people of Laputa- a sort of floating
island. These people are very strange. They are fond of
mathematics and music. Moreover , they can make their
floating island move at will. Gulliver returns home, to
England. He has been absent for about six years.