The document compares and contrasts centralized parallel architecture (CPA) and decentralized parallel architecture (DPA) modular UPS systems. CPA systems have single centralized components like the LCD display, microprocessor, battery, and static bypass, whereas DPA systems have redundant decentralized components on each module. DPA systems are considered "true" modular systems as they avoid single points of failure and allow hot-swappable modules for high reliability and flexibility. CPA systems are less reliable than DPA and traditional parallel UPS systems as failure of a centralized component can take the entire system offline.

1. The DPA Modular vs Modular

6. F-lexibility A-vailability T-CO Main differences between stand alone and Modular UPS Modular Non modular Pay as you grow Vertical paralleling (low space) Product standardisation Optimized efficiency Reusable modules On-Line UPS Parallel redundant Low MTTR Hot-Swap technology Power increase flexibility Power decrease flexibility Tier changes flexibility Fast reconfiguration

8. Rectifier Battery Inverter Static by-pass LCD Display Microprocessor UPS’s functional block A true modular UPS architecture (Standalone system)

9. A true modular UPS architecture (Standalone system) A modular UPS is considered a TRUE modular only when each UPS module is equipped with all functional blocks (rectifier, inverter,static by-pass, LCD display, microprocessor (CPU)) and with dedicated battery capability in order to avoid Single Point of Failure

10. A true modular UPS architecture (Parallel system) Input Output Output Input

11. A modular UPS is considered a TRUE modular only when the UPS modules are hot-swappable and the frame is full front accessible for service and maintenance purpose. An hot swappable UPS module is the one which can be removed from the frame while it is powered on and does not require a reboot of the system, load transfer to raw mains or load’s shut down A true modular UPS architecture (Operational)

13. The misconception of modular UPS architecture : Centralized Parallel Architecture (CPA) DPA Output Input Output Input CPA Output Input CPA Output Input CPA

16. Centralized Parallel Architecture (CPA) Failure on CPU The system is out of control and may: go on by-pass or stop the operation No measurement, alarm, event log available A technical specialist is required to recover the system Single CPU based modular UPS are to a certain extend less reliable than a traditional parallel UPS systems Output Input Why DPA is more reliable compared to CPA?

17. Centralized Parallel Architecture (CPA) Failure on battery No back up in case of mains failure Even with multiple battery’ strings the autonomy time is substantially reduced Immediate intervention is needed With single battery, a modular UPS is less reliable than a traditional parallel UPS systems Output Input Why DPA is more reliable compared to CPA?

18. Centralized Parallel Architecture (CPA) Failure on LCD display No measurement, alarm, event log available A technical specialist is required to recover the communication and control of the UPS With single LCD display, a modular UPS is less reliable than a traditional parallel UPS systems Load Mains Why DPA is more reliable compared to CPA?

19. Centralized Parallel Architecture (CPA) Failure on Static by-pass In case of overload, long short circuit or inverter failure, the load transfer is not possible even in case with a centralized bypass in 2 nd frames A technical specialist is required to recover the UPS The by-pass must be rated at its final load capability since the starting phase No flexibility in case of configuration changes With single static by-pass, a modular UPS is less reliable than a traditional parallel UPS systems Output Input Why DPA is more reliable compared to CPA?

20. 2009 Newave launched the third generation of three phase modular UPS 1998 Newave launched the first three phase modular UPS 2010 Modular UPS’ market share & actors 2006 Newave launched the second generation of three phase modular UPS

21. Symmetra PX APM Blade UPS Power + Mega Power + Enertronic C D C D C D C D C D C D C D Archimode C: Centralized CPA D: Decentralized DPA The “Modular” newcomers in the UPS world Don’t worry

22. Modulys GreenPower C D C D C D C D C D C D C D Masterys EB Protect 3M Protect 3M 2.0 NH Series Phased out Phased out MP-NET B8033 C: Centralized CPA D: Decentralized DPA The “Modular” newcomers in the UPS world Don’t worry

23. Gripower 90 C D C D C D C D C D C D Multi Guard Must EPI RX-MTR EA 660 C: Centralized CPA D: Decentralized DPA The “Modular” newcomers in the UPS world Don’t worry

25. Conclusion Simple explanation of DPA versus CPA Independent hook means DPA

26. Would you choose for a CPA solution? CPA downgrade your UPS Conclusion Simple explanation of DPA versus CPA

27. Thank you for your attention