This document discusses using Dassault Systemes' CATIA V5 and 3DVIA Virtools software for real-time simulations of aircraft interiors at the conception phase. It provides an overview of the capabilities and differences between CATIA V5 and Virtools when focusing on real-time aircraft interior simulations. Examples are given of using CATIA V5 for knowledge-based engineering simulations, ergonomic analysis, and applying advanced shaders. The National Institute for Aviation Research's approach is described, combining CATIA V5 and Virtools to leverage their respective strengths for virtual prototyping applications.

1. 602 (KBE):
DS CATIA V5 and
Virtools: Applying
KBE and Behaviors in
Aircraft
Cockpit and Cabin
Fernando Toledo
fernando.toledo@wichita.edu
Virtual Reality Center
National Institute for Aviation Research
Wichita State University

2. The National Institute for Aviation Research …
provides research; certification
testing; technology transfer &
training to…
aerospace industry; aviation‐related
companies; non‐aviation
companies; federal aviation
research sponsors
Some facts about NIAR…
• Ranks # 3 among US universities in Aeronautical R&D according to NSF in 07
• Funding of $35.8M for FY08 (FAA, NASA, DOD, Industry and State/WSU)
• Staff of +300 (includes 60 PhDs, 17 Masters, 102 Bachelors, +100 students)
• 16 Laboratories totalizing 135,000 sq. ft. in facilities

3. Dassault Systemes Products at NIAR …
• DS CATIA has been our primary MCAD for several years
• DS CATIA/ENOVIA V5 is used in professional courses offered by
CADCAM Lab and in any research or commercial project related to
PLM/Virtual Prototyping and Digital Ergonomic Simulations at NIAR
• DS 3DVIA Virtools is used in real‐time visual and behavioral
simulations to address R&D and services to aircraft conception,
customer services and 3D‐based marketing areas
• Currently NIAR Virtual Reality Center uses DS CATIA V5R19SP2 for 3D
modeling and 3DVIA Virtools 4.1 for run‐time simulations in full
immersion, semi‐immersion and desktop systems

4. NIAR Virtual Reality Center: Real Time VizSim for…
Virtual Prototyping
Behavioral and KBE simulations for
conception and design reviews of
MCAD/CAID database
Engineering
Multi‐CAE dataset for pre & post
processes analysis and certification
Ergonomic Analysis
Anthropometrical analysis for
assembly, accessibility and training
Digital Manufacturing
Interactive Work Cell and Process Plan
Bio‐Science Simulation
Mocap data collection and gait
analysis,DICOM data tessellation,
remote collaboration, advanced visual
simulation

5. Aircraft Interior at Conception Phase
(A potential route for aircraft manufacturers and partners)
Sub‐Phase Enablers or Tools
Current and Future Existing and Potential Clients Interviews,
Very Cyclical and Dynamic
Market Requirements Competitors, Style Tendency, etc…
Subject of this session
Conception Study and DS CATIA V5 or CAID (only surfaces or mix of
Layout Analysis surface/solid), ERGONOMICS; FAA/EASA rules; etc…
DS CATIA V5 (KBE,RTR2, PhotoStudio, CAA plugins)
3D Visual Simulation and DS 3DVIA Virtools
Final Decision for Physical Mockup; Virtual Reality;
Design Selection Collaboration Rooms; Desktop Computers
Detail Design
Engineering Analysis
Certification
Manufacturing
Marketing
Customer Service

6. Virtual Aircraft Interior Tools at Conception Phase

7. Virtual Aircraft Interior Tools at Conception Phase

8. Virtual Aircraft Interior Tools at Conception Phase

9. Virtual Aircraft Interior Tools at Conception Phase

10. Virtual Aircraft Interior Tools at Conception Phase

11. Differences between DS CATIA V5 and DS 3DVia Virtools
when focusing Real‐Time Aircraft Interior Simulation
Selected Feature Comparison DS CATIA V5 DS 3DVIA Virtools
Model Size Limitation 64‐bit / 32‐bit 32‐bit
Surface and Solid
Yes No
Modeling and Modification
Interactive Simulation Technique Knowledge Based Engineering Behavioral Based
Scene Graph and No Yes
Hierarchical Occlusion Tree (Z‐Buffer Occlusion no hierarchy tree)
No Yes
Global Illumination Aware (available only for non real‐time thru (reads baked‐material of radiosity and ra‐
Photo Studio WB or CAA plug‐ins) tracing renderings from majors CAID)
Native Multi‐Texture Material No Yes
NVIDIA CgFX (OpenGL)
Advanced Shaders NVIDIA CgFX (OpenGL)
Microsoft's HLSL (DirectX9)
Ergonomics Simulation Yes No
Virtual Reality Aware
(multi‐channel, stereo, cluster and Limited to CAA plug‐ins Yes
interactive devices aware)

12. NIAR Approach to Real‐Time Aircraft Interior Simulation
3D XML
DS CATIA V5
• Model creation Diffuse Texture
• Material Library EnvMap Texture
• RTR2
• Knowledgeware Mental Mill CgFX DS 3DVIA
Advisory Rules Shaders Virtools
• Fitting Simulator
• Ergonomics
Design & Analysis RH Deep Exploration: Autodesk 3DS MAX:
• CgFX Shaders • Polygonal Reduction; • Global Illumination
• Textures • Normals and Windings Solution (Radiosity)
Normalization • Render‐to‐Texture
• 3DS exportation • Hierarchical Tree

13. Example: a DS CATIA V5 R18SP4 model using Imagine &
Shape, Generative Shape Design and Part Design

14. A simple Imagine & Shape demo for a seat cushion
step 1 step 2
step 3 step 4

15. A simple Imagine & Shape demo for a seat cushion
step 5
step 6
step 7

16. Appling KBE simulation in DS CATIA V5 (Knowledgeware +
RTR2) for variations in layout, seat type and color
User Defined Parameters shown on the Specification Tree
An example of a layout
configuration rule from
Knowledgeware Advisor
workbench

17. Appling KBE simulation in DS CATIA V5 (Knowledgeware +
RTR2) for variations in layout, seat type and color

18. DS CATIA V5 Cabin Layout Validation at NIAR*
CAE Crash Dynamic Analysis Route
* Analyzed by Dr. Gerardo Olivares and his team at NIAR Computational Mechanics Lab
. Pre‐Processor: . Post‐Processor:
.
Design Table approach • Altair Hypermesh • Motion View
• CEI Ensight
DS CATIA V5 . (used in VR rooms)
• 3D Model Solver:
ATD/Seat Model:
• Material Library FE : LS_DYNA
• Multibody MADYMO
•Knowledgeware MB: MADYMO
Advisory Rules ??? ??? Post‐Processor:
. Pre‐Processor: • DS CATIA CAA
KBE approach • DS CATIA CAA Altair HyperCrash
Altair HyperCrash

19. DS CATIA V5 Cabin Layout Validation at NIAR*
FE Models to validate seat structural performance under static and dynamic FAR *.561 , *.562
FE Model
(8 to 10 hours CPU) t= 0 ms
t= 300 ms
Facet/MultiBody Model
(8 to 10 min CPU)
Revolute Joint
Revolute/Translational Joint

20. Human Factors Analysis in DS CATIA V5 (Human Analysis
Simulation & Fitting/Kinematics Simulation)
Two Approaches:
• Traditional Desktop
• Immersive VR‐based
A top level infrastructure example:
PC‐based Clusters or PC
multi‐channel graphical
cards/GPUs
Large Field‐of‐View HMD
Motion Trackers
CAA Middleware (Drives)
• Motion Analysis
• Mechdyne’s
CDVI/Conduit
• Haption IFC Core
Restrictions
The anthropometric parameters can
be exposed if the in Anthropometric List Dialog the Management field is setup to manual. This means that it’s
possible to have User Defined parameters associated with Knowledgeware (Formulas,Rules, Reactions,etc…) for
variations on interior layout. In addition, manikin’s end‐effectors can be constrained to CATParts in DMU Fitting
Simulator or Kinematics. This can be useful in real‐time simulations of accessibility,
line‐of‐sight and posture.

21. Advanced Shaders in DS CATIA V5: NVIDIA CgFX
Mental Images’ Mental Mill: example of a simple OpenGL Diffuse_LightMap_CubicEnv_Shaders
• Alternative Shaders creation for programmers: NVIDIA FX Composer
• DS CATIA V5 is not compatible to Microsoft’s HLSL
• CgFX Shaders now does work in stereoscopic mode in DS CATIA V5R19 !!
• 3DXML still does not support CgFX Shaders

22. Real‐Time Simulation in DS CATIA V5R18: a live demo

23. Global Illumination (GI) for Real‐Time Simulation
Shading and Lighting equation for one local light source
Simple equation: itotal = iamb + idiff + ispec DS CATIA V5 RTR2 and several others wb
Complete equation: itotal = aglobal x mamb + memi + cspot (iamb + d(idiff + ispec))
DS CATIA V5 PhotoStudio, CAA Plug‐ins (OPTIS, etc…), DS 3DVIA Virtools + Global Illumination results
where : aglobal = parameter used in OpenGL or Direct3D APIs for global ambient lighting for constant
background light coming everywhere
mamb = ambient material parameter
mamb = emissive material parameter
sexp
cspot = spot light factor = max (‐l x sdir,0)
where l = light vector; sdir = direction of the spot light; sexp = factor fall‐off control
2
d = 1/(sc + sl(spos – p) + sq(spos‐p)
where (spos – p) = distance from the light source position “spos” to the point “p” that is to be shaded
sc = constant attenuation parameter
sl = linear attenuation parameter
sq = quadratic attenuation parameter
for physically correct distance attenuation sc = 0, sl = 0, sq = 1

24. GI Process for Real‐Time Simulation in 3DVIA Virtools
Global Illumination on Autodesk 3DS MAX 2009 – Light Setup Current aircraft passenger’s
interior cabin reading lights are
based on two types of
technologies:
Incandescent/Halogen
LED
General recommendations *:
* CCT: 3600 to 5200 K
* Illuminance at beam center:
‐ Gaussian: 220 to 400 lx
‐ Top‐hat: 160 to 400 lx
3DS MAX can replicate real
light real conditions by using
appropriated parameters
and global illumination
render solution
* SAE Subcommittee A‐20A/C, Interior and Crew Rest
Lighting, LED Reading Light Study by Nadarajah
Narendran, Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY

25. GI Process for Real‐Time Simulation in 3DVIA Virtools
• 3DS MAX offers two global illumination
algorithms: Ray‐Tracing and Radiosity;
• Radiosity produces accurate photometric
simulations of light by using radioactive
thermal analysis techniques. Rather than
determining the color for each pixel on a
screen (i.e. ray‐tracing) radiosity calculates
the intensity for all surfaces in the
environment.
• Radiosity solution can be export to 3DVIA
Virtools by lighting maps or vertex color;
• Lighting maps works by having 3DS MAX
render out radiosity solution as textures, by
using Render‐to‐Texture command in 3DS
MAX;
• 3DVIA Virtools is material multi‐texture
aware and it combines diffuse maps,
lighting maps, normal maps and
environment maps;
• Units in 3DS MAX must match the units of
the interior model because radiosity engine
always uses an inverse square falloff for
lights.

26. GI Process for Real‐Time Simulation in 3DVIA Virtools
Environment Cubic Map creation on Adobe Photoshop
•Joint the environment cubic map
images from 3DS MAX (or from DS
CATIA V5 PhotoStudio) to be used
in 3DVIA Virtools env cubic map
by using the following reference:
Front view
Back view
Top view
Bottom view
Left view
Right view
• Save the jointed file to DDS
format using NVIDIA DDS plug‐in *
for Adobe Photoshop selecting
Cube Map and No MIP maps
*http://developer.nvidia.com/object/ph
otoshop_dds_plugins.html

27. Real‐Time Simulation in DS 3DVIA Virtools 4.1

28. Real‐Time Simulation in DS 3DVIA Virtools 4.1
Key material information used in the cabin simulation
table
Lighting Map > Shading
Color Texture > Diffuse color
CubeMap > Reflection
floor
Color Texture > Diffuse color
Lighting Map > Shading

29. Real‐Time Simulation in DS 3DVIA Virtools 4.1
Schematic Area for Behavioral Simulation: Events triggering Actions – Simple Examples
Behavior for interior layouts
Behavior for
material changes
Behavior for toilet’s door

30. Real‐Time Simulation in DS 3DVIA Virtools 4.1
layout_1
Mesh Setup
CgFX
Shader
Layout_2
Material Setup
Layout_3
Lighting Map > Shading
Color Texture > Diffuse color
CubeMap > Reflection
Level Schematic
Manager

31. Real‐Time Simulation in DS 3DVia Virtools 4.1: a live demo

32. DS Virtools 4.1 VR Pack:
PowerWall Active Stereo
PC‐based Cluster
Thank You!