1. Ethyl alcohol Prof. Mohamed khedr Prof. clinical pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Beirut Arab University Lebanon

2. Ethyl alcohol Ethanol Commonly abused drug. Small or moderate amounts relieve anxiety &  feeling of wellbeing or even euphoria. Pharmacokinetics Absorption: From empty stomach&GIT. Peak blood concentration 20 minutes. Distribution: Rapid to CNS (cross BBB). Metabolism: Liver. Ethyl alc. Acetaldehyde Acetate Excretion: 10% free in the lung &kidney. 90% oxidized Alcohol dehydrogenase Aldehyde dehydrogenase CO2 H2O

3. Pharmacological Effects Pharmacolog. CNS CVS GIT Body Temp. Small Dose : Sedation &relief Of anxiety Moderate Dose Θ Attention Θ Processing Skills Large Dose: Slurred Speech Ataxia. Impaired judgment Coma, death . .Flushing. .Removal of aginal pain. .Dep. of C.cont. .VD( Θ VMC) 10% + secretion 20% Θ ,, ,, ,,. 40% irritation Diuresis ( Θ ADH) Hypothermia by large dose Effects Acute Kidney

4. Chronic Pharmacological Effects Liver cirrhosis Gastritis & Pancreatitis CNS Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Others Fat deposition (fatty liver) Hepatitis -> necrosis -> Fibrosis. Peripheral neuropathy. A LC . Dementia. ALC.-Amnesic Disorder(ataxia,confusion,abnormal eye movement, impairment of memory). Tolerance, addiction& withdrawal symptoms(ALC. Delirium). dt Retarded growth,microcephaly,mental retardation,cong.heart abnormalities. Nutritional deficiency(thiamine),cerabellar degeneration, cadiomyopathy,testicular atrophy,gynecomastia, cancer of GIT.

5. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

7. Therapeutic Uses For its local uses Fever as alcohol Sponge. Bed sore for its astringent effect. Antiseptic effects in skin. As solvent to other drugs. R/ of Acute Alcohol Intoxication Gastric lavage even hemodialysis. Artificial respiration. Fluids: electrolytes &hypertonic glucose. Thiamine.

8. R/ of Chronic Alcohol Intoxication -Hospitalization, Psychotherapy, Nutrition. - Drug therapy : Benzodiazepines : Diazepam to prevent withdrawal symptoms. Disulfiram Acts by Θ ing Aldehyde dehydrogenase , thus stopping alcohol metabolism at the level of acetaldehyde ώ Will accumulate causing:. Abdominal pain, n.& v. ,headache,hypotension,sweating & confusion. Causes extreme discomfort to alcoholic pt.

9. 1-Potentiates CNS depressants 2-Acute administration may Θ liver enzymes. 3-Chronic administration + liver enzymes. R.C. depression. Metabolism of o. anticoag.,phenytoin, so effects. Metabolism of o. anticoag.,phenytoin,so effects. Drug Interaction +

10. Thank you