The document discusses India's history of economic planning through five-year plans since 1951. It provides details on the goals and outcomes of each five-year plan period from the first plan in 1951-1956 through the ninth plan ending in 2002. Key aspects addressed in the plans included improving agriculture, boosting industry, developing infrastructure, education, healthcare, poverty alleviation, and becoming more self-reliant. Major economic reforms were undertaken after the crisis in the early 1990s, transitioning toward a more market-based economy.
The document discusses India's various five-year plans for economic development since the first plan in 1951. It provides details on the key goals and focus areas of each successive plan, including improving agriculture, boosting industry, developing infrastructure, education, health, poverty alleviation, and other social indicators. The planning commission was established in 1950 to oversee and execute these plans aimed at modernizing and strengthening the Indian economy.
The document discusses India's five-year plans for economic development. It provides details on the goals and outcomes of the first nine five-year plans from 1951 to 1997. The first plan focused on improving agriculture, while subsequent plans emphasized industry, poverty alleviation, employment, infrastructure development, and increasing self-sufficiency in key sectors like energy and agriculture. Economic liberalization began in the 1980s and accelerated in the 1990s to correct economic imbalances and foreign debt.
The document summarizes the key objectives and developments of India's various five-year plans since the first plan in 1951 up until the eleventh plan from 2007-2012. Some of the major goals addressed were improving agriculture, boosting industry, developing infrastructure like roads and electricity, education, healthcare, poverty alleviation, and increasing economic growth rates. The plans helped develop India's economy and shift towards greater industrialization and liberalization over time.
The document provides an overview of India's five-year plans from the first plan in 1951 to the ninth plan ending in 2002. Some key points covered include:
- The first plan focused on improving agriculture and irrigation projects. The second plan emphasized industry and heavy industry.
- Subsequent plans addressed various goals like poverty alleviation, employment, self-reliance, modernization, and increasing productivity in key sectors like agriculture.
- Economic reforms began in the early 1990s during a period of political instability, liberalizing the socialist economy and opening up to international trade. The eighth plan undertaken reforms to correct debt and deficits.
The document summarizes the key aspects of India's first 11 five-year plans from 1951 to 1997. The first plan focused on improving agriculture, while the second emphasized industry and heavy industry. Subsequent plans addressed various economic goals like poverty alleviation, employment, self-reliance, and modernization. Major events like wars and changes in government impacted the plans. The plans played a key role in India's transition from a closed to a more open and liberalized economy.
The document provides details about India's five-year plans from 1951-2012. It summarizes the key goals and outcomes of each five-year plan, including improving agriculture (1st plan), developing industry (2nd plan), increasing electricity and irrigation projects (3rd plan), nationalizing banks and responding to wars (4th plan), focusing on employment and self-reliance (5th plan), expanding infrastructure and tourism (6th plan), improving productivity (7th plan), economic reforms (8th plan), generating employment and reducing poverty (9th plan), increasing access to education and clean water (10th plan), accelerating GDP growth and employment (11th plan).
The document provides details about India's various five-year plans from the first plan in the 1950s to the ninth plan in the late 1990s-early 2000s. It summarizes the key goals and outcomes of each successive plan, including a focus on agriculture in early plans, developing industry and infrastructure in later plans, and gradually opening India's economy through reforms in the 1990s.
The document discusses India's various five-year plans for economic development since the first plan in 1951. It provides details on the key goals and focus areas of each successive plan, including improving agriculture, boosting industry, developing infrastructure, education, health, poverty alleviation, and other social indicators. The planning commission was established in 1950 to oversee and execute these plans aimed at modernizing and strengthening the Indian economy.
The document discusses India's five-year plans for economic development. It provides details on the goals and outcomes of the first nine five-year plans from 1951 to 1997. The first plan focused on improving agriculture, while subsequent plans emphasized industry, poverty alleviation, employment, infrastructure development, and increasing self-sufficiency in key sectors like energy and agriculture. Economic liberalization began in the 1980s and accelerated in the 1990s to correct economic imbalances and foreign debt.
The document summarizes the key objectives and developments of India's various five-year plans since the first plan in 1951 up until the eleventh plan from 2007-2012. Some of the major goals addressed were improving agriculture, boosting industry, developing infrastructure like roads and electricity, education, healthcare, poverty alleviation, and increasing economic growth rates. The plans helped develop India's economy and shift towards greater industrialization and liberalization over time.
The document provides an overview of India's five-year plans from the first plan in 1951 to the ninth plan ending in 2002. Some key points covered include:
- The first plan focused on improving agriculture and irrigation projects. The second plan emphasized industry and heavy industry.
- Subsequent plans addressed various goals like poverty alleviation, employment, self-reliance, modernization, and increasing productivity in key sectors like agriculture.
- Economic reforms began in the early 1990s during a period of political instability, liberalizing the socialist economy and opening up to international trade. The eighth plan undertaken reforms to correct debt and deficits.
The document summarizes the key aspects of India's first 11 five-year plans from 1951 to 1997. The first plan focused on improving agriculture, while the second emphasized industry and heavy industry. Subsequent plans addressed various economic goals like poverty alleviation, employment, self-reliance, and modernization. Major events like wars and changes in government impacted the plans. The plans played a key role in India's transition from a closed to a more open and liberalized economy.
The document provides details about India's five-year plans from 1951-2012. It summarizes the key goals and outcomes of each five-year plan, including improving agriculture (1st plan), developing industry (2nd plan), increasing electricity and irrigation projects (3rd plan), nationalizing banks and responding to wars (4th plan), focusing on employment and self-reliance (5th plan), expanding infrastructure and tourism (6th plan), improving productivity (7th plan), economic reforms (8th plan), generating employment and reducing poverty (9th plan), increasing access to education and clean water (10th plan), accelerating GDP growth and employment (11th plan).
The document provides details about India's various five-year plans from the first plan in the 1950s to the ninth plan in the late 1990s-early 2000s. It summarizes the key goals and outcomes of each successive plan, including a focus on agriculture in early plans, developing industry and infrastructure in later plans, and gradually opening India's economy through reforms in the 1990s.
The document outlines India's 14 Five Year Plans from 1951 to 2022. It discusses the objectives and key achievements of each plan. The plans aimed to develop India's economy through industrialization, agriculture, education and poverty reduction. Major achievements included establishing steel mills, power plants, banks, roads, increasing food grain and energy production. The plans were overseen and implemented by the Planning Commission of India.
The document provides an overview of India's economic planning process since independence in 1947. It discusses the objectives and achievements of each of India's first 12 Five-Year Plans from 1951-2017. The planning process was established to rebuild and develop India's economy following independence, with a focus on industrialization, agriculture, infrastructure, and social development. Key highlights included the establishment of large dams and steel mills, the Green Revolution, nationalization of banks, and recent economic reforms beginning in the early 1990s.
The document provides an overview of India's economic planning process through Five-Year Plans since its independence in 1951. Key points:
- India adopted a Soviet-style system of centralized economic planning through Five-Year Plans to promote development goals like GDP growth and self-sufficiency.
- The first few plans focused on agriculture and food security while later plans emphasized industry and technology. Most plans saw growth exceed targets except 3rd and 12th plans.
- Economic liberalization began in the 8th Plan, replacing the planning system. The NITI Aayog now oversees development goals through cooperation with states rather than centrally-planned five year targets.
This document lists the prime ministers of India from Jawaharlal Nehru to Manmohan Singh, along with their terms in office. It also provides brief descriptions of the planning process in India and the roles and functions of the Planning Commission, including formulating five-year plans, assessing resources, and promoting economic development goals like increasing production and employment.
The Five Year Plans are described by the PowerPoint Presentation with the details. It includes plan holidays, there sole reasons and some of the core objectives of planning also explained in the PowerPoint.
The Planning Commission was established in 1950 by the Government of India to foster economic development and social justice. It formulated five-year plans to promote balanced utilization of resources and monitor development programs and funds. Key objectives of early plans included increasing food production, reducing poverty and achieving self-sufficiency. Plans focused on agriculture, irrigation, industry and social development. The Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog in 2014.
Indian Five Year Planning ntation.pptxSuhailBhat59
The Planning Commission of India formulated India's Five-Year Plans from 1950 to 2014 to promote the country's economic development. The first Five-Year Plan from 1951-1956 focused on agriculture and aimed to boost output and reduce food imports. Subsequent plans emphasized industrialization, poverty alleviation, rural development, employment and self-reliance. Rolling Plans replaced the Five-Year Plans periodically from 1978 to 1990. The Planning Commission was dissolved in 2014 and replaced by the NITI Aayog.
India has implemented 12 Five Year Plans since 1951 to guide its social and economic development. The Plans aimed to achieve growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity. They focused on developing infrastructure like irrigation, energy, transportation and boosting key industries. While targets were sometimes missed due to challenges like droughts and wars, the Plans helped India rebuild its economy after independence and transition to a mixed model of socialism and capitalism. The 12th and last Plan ended in 2022 as India's development is now guided by other mechanisms.
The Planning Commission was established in India in 1950 to promote economic development through five-year plans. The first plan focused on agriculture and aimed to improve living standards. Subsequent plans emphasized industry, poverty alleviation, and self-sufficiency. Eleven plans have been completed so far, with the most recent 12th plan seeking 8% annual growth. Economic planning allocates resources to achieve targets in key areas like infrastructure, education, health, and the environment.
- India began implementing Five-Year Plans in 1951 under the influence of Nehru to promote centralized economic development and self-sufficiency. The early plans focused on developing infrastructure and primary industries while later plans emphasized agriculture, poverty alleviation, and increasing growth rates. Annual plans were introduced in 1990-1992 during a period of economic crisis before the Eighth Plan accelerated economic reforms and liberalization. Debate continues over whether Five-Year Plans are still relevant given India's federal structure and changing economic needs.
The document discusses India's five year plans which were formulated to develop the economy after independence. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to frame, execute and monitor the plans. The early plans focused on development of irrigation, infrastructure, and heavy industry to build a self-reliant economy. Later plans emphasized agriculture, poverty alleviation, rural development and privatization during economic liberalization in the 1990s. The plans aimed to achieve annual GDP growth targets and social development goals.
The document summarizes India's economic planning process through its eleven five-year plans from 1951 to 2012. It outlines the key objectives, focus areas, and growth targets and achievements of each five-year plan, highlighting developments in agriculture, industry, infrastructure, education, health, poverty alleviation, and other social and economic goals. Planning is overseen by the Planning Commission to promote growth, self-reliance, and modernization across sectors in a systematic manner.
The document provides details about India's Planning Commission and the country's Five-Year Plans. It discusses:
- The establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 to formulate India's economic development plans.
- An overview of India's first five Five-Year Plans from 1951-1974, including objectives, outcomes, investments in key sectors like agriculture, industry, and infrastructure.
- The first Plan prioritized agriculture and irrigation, while the second focused on industry and heavy industry. The third Plan aimed for self-reliance but faced challenges.
- Between the third and fourth Plans, three Annual Plans were introduced instead of a full five-year plan due to economic and political issues.
The document provides information on India's economic planning process through five-year plans since 1951. It summarizes the key focus areas and growth targets of each five-year plan from the First Plan to the current Twelfth Plan. Some of the major highlights include the First Plan's focus on developing the primary sector, the Second Plan's emphasis on developing public sector industries, and more recent plans targeting higher GDP growth rates along with more inclusive and sustainable development.
Pandit Nehru adopted a mixed economy model for India after independence to balance capitalism and socialism. This included public, private, and joint sectors. Five Year Plans were established to address poverty, unemployment, and economic development. The Plans focused on agriculture, industry, employment, and standards of living. Nationalization of banks in the 1960s and 1970s aimed to promote development. India liberalized its economy in 1991 under PM Narasimha Rao and FM Manmohan Singh in response to an economic crisis, adopting policies of privatization, liberalization, and globalization. This included opening to foreign investment and joining the World Trade Organization in 1995.
The document summarizes India's five year plans from 1951 to 2012. It discusses the key objectives, sectors of focus, and economic growth targets and achievements of each five year plan. The first five year plan (1951-1956) focused on agriculture and irrigation to boost the economy out of poverty. It achieved a growth rate of 3.6% compared to its target of 2.1%. Subsequent plans emphasized industry, infrastructure, poverty alleviation, employment generation, and increasing GDP growth rates to accelerate economic development. Later plans also aimed to improve social indicators like education, health, and empower women.
5 yearrrrrrrrrrrr by aswin thayyil snesaswinabcxyz
The document summarizes India's five year plans from 1951 to 2012. It discusses the key objectives, sectors of focus, and economic growth targets and achievements of each five year plan. The first five year plan (1951-1956) focused on agriculture and irrigation to boost the economy out of poverty. It achieved a growth rate of 3.6% compared to the target of 2.1%. Subsequent plans emphasized industry, infrastructure, poverty alleviation, and increasing growth rates to ultimately achieve developed nation status for India.
1.7.revised rural development in five year plansDr Rajeev Kumar
The document discusses the history of economic planning in India through the Five Year Plans from 1947 to 2017. It summarizes the key aspects and objectives of each Five Year Plan, including the sectors and programs prioritized. It also discusses the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 to oversee the plans and its replacement by the NITI Aayog in 2015. Some of the major developments mentioned include the introduction of the Green Revolution, nationalization of banks, establishment of industries, and rural development programs initiated during the plans.
The document provides an overview of India's Five Year Plans from 1951-2017. It discusses the key highlights and objectives of each plan, including a focus on industrialization, agriculture, poverty alleviation, and increasing growth rates. The Five Year Plans were the mechanism by which the government planned and directed economic development after independence.
The document outlines India's 14 Five Year Plans from 1951 to 2022. It discusses the objectives and key achievements of each plan. The plans aimed to develop India's economy through industrialization, agriculture, education and poverty reduction. Major achievements included establishing steel mills, power plants, banks, roads, increasing food grain and energy production. The plans were overseen and implemented by the Planning Commission of India.
The document provides an overview of India's economic planning process since independence in 1947. It discusses the objectives and achievements of each of India's first 12 Five-Year Plans from 1951-2017. The planning process was established to rebuild and develop India's economy following independence, with a focus on industrialization, agriculture, infrastructure, and social development. Key highlights included the establishment of large dams and steel mills, the Green Revolution, nationalization of banks, and recent economic reforms beginning in the early 1990s.
The document provides an overview of India's economic planning process through Five-Year Plans since its independence in 1951. Key points:
- India adopted a Soviet-style system of centralized economic planning through Five-Year Plans to promote development goals like GDP growth and self-sufficiency.
- The first few plans focused on agriculture and food security while later plans emphasized industry and technology. Most plans saw growth exceed targets except 3rd and 12th plans.
- Economic liberalization began in the 8th Plan, replacing the planning system. The NITI Aayog now oversees development goals through cooperation with states rather than centrally-planned five year targets.
This document lists the prime ministers of India from Jawaharlal Nehru to Manmohan Singh, along with their terms in office. It also provides brief descriptions of the planning process in India and the roles and functions of the Planning Commission, including formulating five-year plans, assessing resources, and promoting economic development goals like increasing production and employment.
The Five Year Plans are described by the PowerPoint Presentation with the details. It includes plan holidays, there sole reasons and some of the core objectives of planning also explained in the PowerPoint.
The Planning Commission was established in 1950 by the Government of India to foster economic development and social justice. It formulated five-year plans to promote balanced utilization of resources and monitor development programs and funds. Key objectives of early plans included increasing food production, reducing poverty and achieving self-sufficiency. Plans focused on agriculture, irrigation, industry and social development. The Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog in 2014.
Indian Five Year Planning ntation.pptxSuhailBhat59
The Planning Commission of India formulated India's Five-Year Plans from 1950 to 2014 to promote the country's economic development. The first Five-Year Plan from 1951-1956 focused on agriculture and aimed to boost output and reduce food imports. Subsequent plans emphasized industrialization, poverty alleviation, rural development, employment and self-reliance. Rolling Plans replaced the Five-Year Plans periodically from 1978 to 1990. The Planning Commission was dissolved in 2014 and replaced by the NITI Aayog.
India has implemented 12 Five Year Plans since 1951 to guide its social and economic development. The Plans aimed to achieve growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity. They focused on developing infrastructure like irrigation, energy, transportation and boosting key industries. While targets were sometimes missed due to challenges like droughts and wars, the Plans helped India rebuild its economy after independence and transition to a mixed model of socialism and capitalism. The 12th and last Plan ended in 2022 as India's development is now guided by other mechanisms.
The Planning Commission was established in India in 1950 to promote economic development through five-year plans. The first plan focused on agriculture and aimed to improve living standards. Subsequent plans emphasized industry, poverty alleviation, and self-sufficiency. Eleven plans have been completed so far, with the most recent 12th plan seeking 8% annual growth. Economic planning allocates resources to achieve targets in key areas like infrastructure, education, health, and the environment.
- India began implementing Five-Year Plans in 1951 under the influence of Nehru to promote centralized economic development and self-sufficiency. The early plans focused on developing infrastructure and primary industries while later plans emphasized agriculture, poverty alleviation, and increasing growth rates. Annual plans were introduced in 1990-1992 during a period of economic crisis before the Eighth Plan accelerated economic reforms and liberalization. Debate continues over whether Five-Year Plans are still relevant given India's federal structure and changing economic needs.
The document discusses India's five year plans which were formulated to develop the economy after independence. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to frame, execute and monitor the plans. The early plans focused on development of irrigation, infrastructure, and heavy industry to build a self-reliant economy. Later plans emphasized agriculture, poverty alleviation, rural development and privatization during economic liberalization in the 1990s. The plans aimed to achieve annual GDP growth targets and social development goals.
The document summarizes India's economic planning process through its eleven five-year plans from 1951 to 2012. It outlines the key objectives, focus areas, and growth targets and achievements of each five-year plan, highlighting developments in agriculture, industry, infrastructure, education, health, poverty alleviation, and other social and economic goals. Planning is overseen by the Planning Commission to promote growth, self-reliance, and modernization across sectors in a systematic manner.
The document provides details about India's Planning Commission and the country's Five-Year Plans. It discusses:
- The establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 to formulate India's economic development plans.
- An overview of India's first five Five-Year Plans from 1951-1974, including objectives, outcomes, investments in key sectors like agriculture, industry, and infrastructure.
- The first Plan prioritized agriculture and irrigation, while the second focused on industry and heavy industry. The third Plan aimed for self-reliance but faced challenges.
- Between the third and fourth Plans, three Annual Plans were introduced instead of a full five-year plan due to economic and political issues.
The document provides information on India's economic planning process through five-year plans since 1951. It summarizes the key focus areas and growth targets of each five-year plan from the First Plan to the current Twelfth Plan. Some of the major highlights include the First Plan's focus on developing the primary sector, the Second Plan's emphasis on developing public sector industries, and more recent plans targeting higher GDP growth rates along with more inclusive and sustainable development.
Pandit Nehru adopted a mixed economy model for India after independence to balance capitalism and socialism. This included public, private, and joint sectors. Five Year Plans were established to address poverty, unemployment, and economic development. The Plans focused on agriculture, industry, employment, and standards of living. Nationalization of banks in the 1960s and 1970s aimed to promote development. India liberalized its economy in 1991 under PM Narasimha Rao and FM Manmohan Singh in response to an economic crisis, adopting policies of privatization, liberalization, and globalization. This included opening to foreign investment and joining the World Trade Organization in 1995.
The document summarizes India's five year plans from 1951 to 2012. It discusses the key objectives, sectors of focus, and economic growth targets and achievements of each five year plan. The first five year plan (1951-1956) focused on agriculture and irrigation to boost the economy out of poverty. It achieved a growth rate of 3.6% compared to its target of 2.1%. Subsequent plans emphasized industry, infrastructure, poverty alleviation, employment generation, and increasing GDP growth rates to accelerate economic development. Later plans also aimed to improve social indicators like education, health, and empower women.
5 yearrrrrrrrrrrr by aswin thayyil snesaswinabcxyz
The document summarizes India's five year plans from 1951 to 2012. It discusses the key objectives, sectors of focus, and economic growth targets and achievements of each five year plan. The first five year plan (1951-1956) focused on agriculture and irrigation to boost the economy out of poverty. It achieved a growth rate of 3.6% compared to the target of 2.1%. Subsequent plans emphasized industry, infrastructure, poverty alleviation, and increasing growth rates to ultimately achieve developed nation status for India.
1.7.revised rural development in five year plansDr Rajeev Kumar
The document discusses the history of economic planning in India through the Five Year Plans from 1947 to 2017. It summarizes the key aspects and objectives of each Five Year Plan, including the sectors and programs prioritized. It also discusses the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950 to oversee the plans and its replacement by the NITI Aayog in 2015. Some of the major developments mentioned include the introduction of the Green Revolution, nationalization of banks, establishment of industries, and rural development programs initiated during the plans.
The document provides an overview of India's Five Year Plans from 1951-2017. It discusses the key highlights and objectives of each plan, including a focus on industrialization, agriculture, poverty alleviation, and increasing growth rates. The Five Year Plans were the mechanism by which the government planned and directed economic development after independence.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
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3. www.studsplanet.com
A Plan is a deliberate attempt to spell out how
the resources of a country should be put to use.
It has some general and specific goals, which are
to be achieved within a specific period of time.
The general goals of a Plan are growth,
modernization, full employment, self-reliance and equity.
But all Plans may not give equal importance to all of
them.
Each Plan can have some specific goals like
improvement of agriculture. For example our first five-
year plan was geared to improving the state of
agriculture and the second to improving Industry.
A PLAN
4. The Planning Commission was set up in
March, 1950 by a Resolution of the Government of
India.
The economy of India is based on planning
through its five-year plans, developed, executed and
monitored by the Planning Commission . With the Prime
Minister as the ex officia Chairman, the commission
has a nominated Deputy Chairman, who has rank of a
Cabinet minister. Montek Singh Ahluvaliya is currently
the Deputy Chairman of the Commission. The tenth
plan completed its term in March 2007 and the
eleventh plan is currentw
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5. First plan (1951-1956)
1. The first Indian Prime Minister, Javaharlal Nehru
presented the first five-year plan to the Parliament of
India on December 8, 1951.
2. The first plan sought to get the country's economy out
of the cycle of poverty.
3. The plan addressed, mainly, the agrarian sector, including
investments in dams and irrigation. Agricultural sector
was hit hardest by partition and needed urgent attention.
4. The total plan budget of 206.8 billion INR (23.6 billion
USD in the 1950 exchange rate) was allocated to seven
broad areas: irrigation and energy (27.2 percent),
agriculture and community development (17.4 percent),
transport and communw
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4 percent), industry (8.4
percent), social services (16.64 percent), land
6. 4. The target growth rate was 2.1 percent annual
gross domestic product (GDP) growth; the achieved
growth rate was 3.6 percent.
5. During the first five-year plan the net domestic
product went up by 15 percent.
6. The monsoon was good and there were relatively
high crop yields, boosting exchange reserves and
the per capita income, which increased by 8
percent.
7. National income increased more than the per capita
income due to rapid population growth.
8. Many irrigation projects were initiated during this
period, including the Bhakra Dam and Hirakud Dam.
9. The World Health Organization, with the Indian
government, addressed children's health and
reduced infant mortality, indirectly contributing to
population growth.
www.studsplanet.com
7. 10. At the end of the plan period in 1956, five Indian
Institutes of Technology (IITs) were started as
major technical institutions.
11. University Grant Commission was set up to take care
of funding and take measures to strengthen the
higher education in the country.
12. Contracts were signed to start five steel plants;
however these plants did not come into existence
until the middle of the next five-year plan
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8. he
Second plan (1956-1961)
1. The second five-year plan focused on industry,
especially heavy industry.
2. Domestic production of industrial products was
encouraged, particularly in the development of the
public sector.
3. The plan followed the Mahalanobis model, an
economic development model developed by the
Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
in 1953.
4. It used the existing art techniques of operation
and research as well as the novel applications of
statistical models developed at the Indian
Statiatical Institute.
5. The plan assumed a closed economy in which t
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9. 6. Hydroelectric power projects and five steel mills at
Bhilai, Durgapur, and Rourkela were established.
7. Coal production was increased.
8. More railway lines were added in the north east.
9. The Atomic Energy Commission was formed in 1957
with Homi J. Bhabha as the first chairman.
10. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was
established as a research institute.
11. In 1957 a talent search and scholarship program was
begun to find talented young students to train for
work in nuclear power.
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10. Third plan (1961-1966)
1. The third plan stressed on agriculture and improving
production of rice.
2. The Sino-Indian war led to inflation and the priority
was shifted to price stabilization.
3. The construction of dams continued.
4. Many cement and fertilizer plants were also built.
5. Punjab began producing an abundance of wheat.
6. Many primary schools were started in rural areas.
7. Panchayat elections were started and the states were
given more development responsibilities.
8. State electricity boards and state secondary education
boards were formed.
9. State road transportation corporations were formed
and local road building
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11. 1. The Indira Gandhi government nationalized 14 major
Indian banks and the Green Revolution in India advanced
agriculture.
2. In addition, the situation in East Pakistan (now
independent Bangladesh) was becoming dire as the Indo-
Pakistani War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War
took place. Funds earmarked for the industrial
development had to be used for the war effort.
3. India also performed the Smiling Buddha underground
nuclear test in 1974, partially in response to the United
States deployment of the Seventh Fleet in the Bay of
Bengal to warn India against attacking West Pakistan and
widening the war.
Fourth plan (1969-1974)
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12. 1. Stress was laid on employment, poverty alleviation, and
justice.
2. The plan also focused on self-reliance in agricultural
production and defense.
3. Electricity Supply Act was enacted in 1975, which
enabled the Central Government to enter into power
generation and transmission
4. In 1978 the newly elected Morarji Desai government
rejected the plan.
Fifth plan (1974-1979)
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13. Sixth plan (1980-1985)
1. When Rajiv Gandhi was elected as the prime minister,
the young prime minister aimed for rapid industrial
development, especially in the area of information
technology.
2. The Indian national highway system was introduced for
the first time and many roads were widened to
accommodate the increasing traffic.
3. Tourism also expanded.
4. The sixth plan also marked the beginning of economic
liberalization. Price controls were eliminated and ration
shops were closed. This led to an increase in food
prices and an increased cost of living.
5. Family planning also was expanded in order to prevent
overpopulation. More prosperous areas of India
adopted family plannw
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14. Seventh plan (1985-1989)
1. The Seventh Plan marked the comeback of the
Congress Party to power.
2. The plan lay stress on improving the productivity
level of industries by upgradation of technology.
3. The thrust areas of the 7th Five year plan have been
enlisted below:
• Social Justice
• Removal of oppression of the weak
• Using modern technology
• Agricultural development
• Anti-poverty programs
• Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter
• Increasing productivity of small and large scale
farmers
• Making India an
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15. 4. Based on a 15-year period of striving towards steady
growth, the 7th Plan was focused on achieving the pre-
requisites of self-sustaining growth by the year 2000.
5. The Plan expected a growth in labor force of 39 million
people and employment was expected to grow at the rate
of 4 percent per year.
6. Some of the expected outcomes of the Seventh Five Year
Plan India are given below:
• Balance of Payments (estimates): Export - Rs. 33
thousand crore, Imports - (-)Rs.54 thousand crore,
Trade Balance - (-)Rs.21 thousand crore
• Merchandise exports (estimates): Rs. 60,653 crore
• Merchandise imports (estimates): Rs. 95,437 crore
• Projections for Balance of Payments: Export - Rs.60.7
thousand crore, Imports - (-) 95.4 thousand crore,
Trade Balance- (-) Rw
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16. Period between 1989-91
1. 1989-91 was a period of political instability in India and
hence no five year plan was implemented. Between 1990
and 1992, there were only Annual Plans.
2. In 1991, India faced a crisis in Foreign Exchange (Forex)
reserves, left with reserves of only about $1 billion (US).
Thus, under pressure, the country took the risk of
reforming the socialist economy.
3. P.V. Narasimha Rao (28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004),
also called Father of Indian Economic Reforms, was the
twelfth Prime Minister of the Republic of India and head
of Congress Party, and led one of the most important
administrations in India's modern history overseeing a
major economic transformation and several incidents
affecting national security.
4. At that time Dr. Manm
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17. Eighth plan (1992-1997)
1. Modernization of industries was a major highlight of
the Eighth Plan.
2. Under this plan, the gradual opening of the Indian
economy was undertaken to correct the burgeoning
deficit and foreign debt.
3. Meanwhile India became a member of the World
Trade Organization on 1 January 1995.This plan can be
termed as Rao and Manmohan model of Economic
development.
4. The major objectives included, containing population
growth, poverty reduction, employment generation,
strengthening the infrastructure, Institutional
building, Human Resource development, Involvement
of Panchayat raj, Nagarapalikas, N.G.OSand
Decentralisation andwwpw
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5. Energy was given prority with 26.6% of the outlay.
18. Ninth Plan (1997 - 2002)
1. Ninth Five Year Plan of India runs had the main aim of
attaining objectives like speedy industrialization, human
development, full-scale employment, poverty reduction, and
self-reliance on domestic resources.
2. Ninth Five Year Plan was formulated amidst the backdrop of
India's Golden jubilee of Independence.
3. The main objectives of the Ninth Five Year Plan India are:
• to prioritize agricultural sector and emphasize on the
rural development
• to generate adequate employment opportunities and
promote poverty reduction
• to stabilize the prices in order to accelerate the growth
rate of the economy
• to ensure food and nw
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• to provide for the basic infrastructural facilities
like education for all, safe drinking water, primary
health care, transport, energy
• to check the growing population increase
• to encourage social issues like women
empowerment, conservation of certain benefits for
the Special Groups of the society
• to create a liberal market for increase in private
investments
4. During the Ninth Plan period, the growth rate was
5.35 per cent, a percentage point lower than the
target GDP growth of 6.5 per cent
20. www.studsplanet.com
1. The main objectives of the 10th Five-Year Plan were:
• Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 percentage points
by 2007;
• Providing gainful and high-quality employment at
least to the addition to the labour force;
• All children in India in school by 2003; all children
to complete 5 years of schooling by 2007;
• Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage
rates by at least 50% by 2007;
• Increase in Literacy Rates to 75 per cent within
the Tenth Plan period (2002 to 2007);
• Reduction in the decadal rate of population
growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%;
Tenth plan (2002-2007)
21. • Reduction of Infant mortality rate (IMR)
to 45 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to
28 by 2012;
• Reduction of Maternal Mortality Ratio
(MMR) to 2 per 1000 live births by 2007
and to 1 by 2012;
• Increase in forest and tree cover to 25 per
cent by 2007 and 33 per cent by 2012;
• All villages to have sustained access to
potable drinking water within the Plan
period;
• Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by
2007 and other notified stretches by
2012;
2. Economic Growthw
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22. www.studsplanet.com
The eleventh plan has the following objectives:
1.Income & Poverty
Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10% and then
maintain at 10% in the 12th Plan in order to double per
capita income by 2016-17
Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year
to ensure a broader spread of benefits
Create 70 million new work opportunities.
Reduce educated unemployment to below 5%.
Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers by 20
percent.
Reduce the headcount ratio of consumption poverty by
10 percentage points.
Eleventh plan (2007-2012)
23. 2.Education
Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary
school from 52.2% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12
Develop minimum standards of educational attainment
in elementary school, and by regular testing monitor
effectiveness of education to ensure quality
Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or
above to 85%
Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage points
Increase the percentage of each cohort going to
higher education from the present 10% to 15% by the
end of the plan
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24. 3.Health
Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 and maternal
mortality ratio to 1 per 1000 live births
Reduce Total Fertility Rate to 2.1
Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009 and
ensure that there are no slip-backs
Reduce malnutrition among children of age group 0-3
to half its present level
Reduce anaemia among women and girls by 50% by the
end of the plan
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25. www.studsplanet.com
4.Women and Children
Raise the sex ratio for age group 0-6 to 935 by 2011-
12 and to 950 by 2016-17
Ensure that at least 33 percent of the direct and
indirect beneficiaries of all government schemes are
women and girl children
Ensure that all children enjoy a safe childhood,
without any compulsion to work
26. 5.Infrastructure
Ensure electricity connection to all villages and BPL
households by 2009 and round-the-clock power.
Ensure all-weather road connection to all habitation
with population 1000 and above (500 in hilly and tribal
areas) by 2009, and ensure coverage of all significant
habitation by 2015
Connect every village by telephone by November 2007
and provide broadband connectivity to all villages by
2012
Provide homestead sites to all by 2012 and step up
the pace of house cow
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27. 6.Environment
Increase forest and tree cover by 5 percentage
points.
Attain WHO standards of air quality in all major
cities by 2011-12.
Treat all urban waste water by 2011-12 to clean river
waters.
Increase energy efficiency by 20 percentage points
by 2016-17.
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