This document summarizes a lecture on Israel from the Old Testament. It discusses how Israel journeyed from Eden to Egypt to Sinai, where God established a covenant with them and gave them the Law. It describes how the Israelites built the Tabernacle as a place of worship and sacrificial atonement. It also discusses the role of kingship in Israel and how the people rejected God as their king in favor of a human king. The Temple is presented as fulfilling the promise to King David but also representing a shift toward a more static and controlled religion subordinated to the king.
Teaching Elder Duke Shelley of Black Forest Chapel continues a series on Revelation. Part 3 fully explores a certain viewpoint of the Book of Revelation.
The attached Power Point and notes are for a class taught April and May, 2011 by Dr. John Oakes and Robert Carrillo in San Diego, CA. The audio is also available in the EFC store.
The document discusses the commandments of God and the end-time remnant who will keep them. It notes that the commandments were originally given to Israel at Mount Sinai but that under the new covenant, God's law will be written on the heart rather than tablets of stone. It explores why some Christians struggle to keep God's commandments and asserts that true love for God will lead believers to obey his law. The remnant are described as having God's law in their hearts through his transforming power so that they can fulfill its requirements.
This document discusses the 12 tribes of Israel and how understanding them can provide insight into spiritual communities today. It outlines the tribes, their origins, meanings of their names, and blessings they received. One tribe, Issachar, is examined more closely. Issachar is described as a "strong donkey" who found rest in prayer and bearing the burdens of intercession for God's people, showing the importance of intercessory prayer. The document suggests Issachar's example can teach about the role of quiet, burden-bearing prayer in the church.
1. The document discusses Ellen G. White's testimony about current events in her time including corruption, poverty, crime, and unrest as signs of the end times.
2. It describes visions she had of extravagant buildings in New York City being consumed by fire despite being called fireproof.
3. The testimony urges readers to heed God's word as the only solution to the problems of society, as people in Noah's day did not listen to warnings until the Flood came.
Ezekiel was a priest called by God to prophesy to the exiled Israelites in Babylon around 593 BC. He emphasized God's absolute majesty and sovereignty. His visions included four winged creatures carrying God's throne and the departure of God's glory from the temple due to Israel's sins. Ezekiel promised future restoration through a new covenant with Israel under a new heart and spirit. Daniel lived in Babylon during the persecution of Antiochus IV around 167-165 BC and received apocalyptic visions showing God's ultimate triumph over kingdoms like Babylon, Persia, and Greece symbolized through beasts and trees.
Dr. John Oakes gave a sermon on Christian membership and Freedom in Christ in San Diego 8/31/14. The lesson uses material from his new book Golden Rule Membership (www.ipibooks.com)
Teaching Elder Duke Shelley of Black Forest Chapel continues a series on Revelation. Part 3 fully explores a certain viewpoint of the Book of Revelation.
The attached Power Point and notes are for a class taught April and May, 2011 by Dr. John Oakes and Robert Carrillo in San Diego, CA. The audio is also available in the EFC store.
The document discusses the commandments of God and the end-time remnant who will keep them. It notes that the commandments were originally given to Israel at Mount Sinai but that under the new covenant, God's law will be written on the heart rather than tablets of stone. It explores why some Christians struggle to keep God's commandments and asserts that true love for God will lead believers to obey his law. The remnant are described as having God's law in their hearts through his transforming power so that they can fulfill its requirements.
This document discusses the 12 tribes of Israel and how understanding them can provide insight into spiritual communities today. It outlines the tribes, their origins, meanings of their names, and blessings they received. One tribe, Issachar, is examined more closely. Issachar is described as a "strong donkey" who found rest in prayer and bearing the burdens of intercession for God's people, showing the importance of intercessory prayer. The document suggests Issachar's example can teach about the role of quiet, burden-bearing prayer in the church.
1. The document discusses Ellen G. White's testimony about current events in her time including corruption, poverty, crime, and unrest as signs of the end times.
2. It describes visions she had of extravagant buildings in New York City being consumed by fire despite being called fireproof.
3. The testimony urges readers to heed God's word as the only solution to the problems of society, as people in Noah's day did not listen to warnings until the Flood came.
Ezekiel was a priest called by God to prophesy to the exiled Israelites in Babylon around 593 BC. He emphasized God's absolute majesty and sovereignty. His visions included four winged creatures carrying God's throne and the departure of God's glory from the temple due to Israel's sins. Ezekiel promised future restoration through a new covenant with Israel under a new heart and spirit. Daniel lived in Babylon during the persecution of Antiochus IV around 167-165 BC and received apocalyptic visions showing God's ultimate triumph over kingdoms like Babylon, Persia, and Greece symbolized through beasts and trees.
Dr. John Oakes gave a sermon on Christian membership and Freedom in Christ in San Diego 8/31/14. The lesson uses material from his new book Golden Rule Membership (www.ipibooks.com)
In Christian circles the issue of Bible translations is often viewed as too confusing to really come to any solid conclusions. Among conservatives, such as in the Seventh-day Adventist denomination, the issue is a very hot topic, rather tending toward a dogma of the KJV. This presentation seeks to clarify the true issues; hopefully leading to a rational, well-founded perspective.
09/08/2015 - Rolling Hills Community Church, Lago Vista Texas. Men't Bible Study. Introduction Part 1 to The Story. Overview of the Bible and How to Study. Presented by Chris Reighley
Dr. John Oakes gave a sermon on 3/15/2014 in San Diego. The topic was the Levitical sacrificial system as a prefigure of worship in the New Testament. The “sweet smelling” offerings are discussed as prefigures both of the offerings given by Jesus and by Christians. Specifically discussed are the burnt offering, the grain offering, the drink offering and the fellowship offering. There is also a brief introduction to the sin and guilt sacrifices as prefigures of the sacrificial work of Jesus.
A beginner’s guide to understanding the Bible. This study is intended to show how the Old Testament fits together. For more information please check out my blog. www.thoughtsfromeb.wordpress.com
John Oakes has been traveling in South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Namibia. Below are some of the audios as well as some notes and power points for the lessons on this teaching trip.
Dr John Oakes taught a class titled Living By Faith in Las Vegas 9/9/2012. It is an exposition on Hebrews 11, with the theme that faith is belief in things unseen.
This document provides an overview of Week 3 of a Bible study on the Old Testament. It discusses:
1. The purpose of the study is to give a practical, historical overview of the OT emphasizing God's unfolding plan of salvation through His covenants with Israel and their fulfillment in Jesus.
2. It outlines 12 major events in the OT and discusses the Abrahamic covenant where God promises to make Abraham's descendants a great nation and bless all people through them.
3. It explains that the Mosaic covenant that established Israel's laws is different than the unconditional Abrahamic covenant and was meant for Jews under the Old Covenant theocracy rather than Christians today. Moral laws are universal but others
The document discusses the Ten Commandments and the Law of Moses. It provides context that the Jewish scribes divided the Law into 613 commandments that are contained in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Theologians have traditionally divided the Law into moral and ceremonial parts, seeing the moral law as still binding but not the ceremonial. However, the Bible itself makes no such distinction. The Law was a covenant between God and Israel to set them apart as a holy nation. Its purposes were to govern Israel as a nation separated from others and to reveal sin, acting as a tutor to bring people to Christ by foreshadowing him. While some aspects of the Law are described as lasting forever, Jesus'
This document summarizes how biblical instructions on various health and medical issues were ahead of their time and aligned with modern science. It discusses circumcision, disease prevention through quarantine and sanitation, and risk factors for heart disease. The document argues that biblical guidelines implicitly understood germ theory and benefits of circumcision before modern science. Overall, it aims to show how the Bible provided accurate medical guidance thousands of years before its time and suggests this is evidence it is divinely inspired.
This document contains a summary of a presentation on heaven, hell, and the afterlife given by Douglas A. Jacoby at UCLA on October 21, 2012. The presentation addressed 12 questions about the nature of heaven and hell, including whether heaven is a physical place, whether everyone receives the same reward in heaven, whether the fire of hell is literal, and whether hell lasts forever. It provided biblical references and perspectives from Christian scholars to discuss differing views on these issues. The presentation encouraged moving beyond extreme views and developing a Christ-centered understanding of eternal life.
This document provides an overview of the Old Testament, emphasizing God's unfolding plan of salvation through His covenants with Israel. It covers 12 major events, including the call of Abraham, Joseph in Egypt, the Exodus, Moses receiving the law, and Joshua conquering the promised land. It discusses how the people began to worship false gods after Joshua, leading to a cycle of sin, oppression, prayer, and deliverance by judges like Gideon and Samson. This laid the groundwork for the transition to a kingdom under the first 3 kings: Saul, David, and Solomon, before the kingdom split into Israel and Judah and both faced dispersion from their lands.
Slides supporting a message by Mike Popovich, Freedom Ministries, Church, Colorado Springs, CO.
Topic: The Miracle of The Cross
Date: 4/20/2014
Link to Full Message:
http://freedomministries.tv/media-library/2014-messages/4-20-14/themiracleofthecross/
The document provides an overview and outline of the book of Hebrews. It discusses the purpose of Hebrews, which was to encourage early Christians experiencing persecution. It examines key themes in Hebrews like the superiority of Jesus and exhortations to remain faithful. The document also explores the concept of predestination and whether believers can fall away from faith. It analyzes passages in Hebrews about falling away and God's assurances of salvation. Overall, the document summarizes the major topics and themes discussed in the book of Hebrews.
Looking at the overview of the bible, based on research from Greg Koukl of Stand to Reason in his "The Bible Fast Forward" series. This covers the main theme of the Bible, as well as the 12 major events of the Old Testament.
The document discusses how Christmas is for those who wait. It provides biblical examples of faithful people in the Old Testament who waited for God's salvation and the coming of the Messiah, such as Zechariah, Elizabeth, Mary and Joseph. It then gives an overview of the history of Israel from the time of Abraham until Jesus' ministry, noting how God's people had to endure times of waiting during exile, dispersion and captivity. The theme of waiting patiently for God is shown in various psalms and prophets. The document encourages readers to reflect on whether they are able to be satisfied in God even during times of silence, hardship or prolonged waiting.
Dr. John Oakes is teaching a class on the Book of Ezekiel on four consecutive Thursday evenings, beginning 9/12/14. The class is in San Diego at the Mission Center of Hope (6162 Mission Gorge Road San Diego, CA 92120. Suite A) from 7:30-8:45. Notes, power point and audio will be posted.
On the eighth day following the seven day inauguration of the Tabernacle, God's presence and glory were manifest. This eighth day represented a new beginning and higher level of holiness. Key events on the eighth day included the first sacrifices being offered and eaten at the altar, and God's fire consuming the sacrifices as a sign of acceptance. The eighth day prefigured Jesus, who combined the spiritual and physical, and the eternal state when God will dwell fully with humanity.
The document discusses several topics related to the first five books of the Bible (Pentateuch/Torah):
1) It describes the typology of the Books of Moses - Genesis represents being born in sin, Exodus represents deliverance/being born again, Leviticus represents worship, Numbers represents walk, and Deuteronomy represents warfare.
2) It outlines the Noahide Laws and biblical covenants including Abrahamic, Palestinian, and Mosaic covenants.
3) It discusses the dietary laws, clean and unclean animals, and numbers related to the firstborn in Israel presented in Leviticus.
4) It analyzes the authorship of each book of the Pent
The four horsemen of the apocalypse in Revelation symbolize four periods of tribulation for God's people from the ascension of Jesus until His second coming. The white horse represents the successful spread of the gospel in the first century. The red horse depicts Roman persecution of Christians from the 2nd to 4th centuries. The black horse symbolizes the spiritual darkness during the union of church and state from the 4th to 6th centuries. The pale horse's rider, Death, followed by Hades, represents the millions of martyrs from the 6th to 15th centuries during the Dark Ages.
In Christian circles the issue of Bible translations is often viewed as too confusing to really come to any solid conclusions. Among conservatives, such as in the Seventh-day Adventist denomination, the issue is a very hot topic, rather tending toward a dogma of the KJV. This presentation seeks to clarify the true issues; hopefully leading to a rational, well-founded perspective.
09/08/2015 - Rolling Hills Community Church, Lago Vista Texas. Men't Bible Study. Introduction Part 1 to The Story. Overview of the Bible and How to Study. Presented by Chris Reighley
Dr. John Oakes gave a sermon on 3/15/2014 in San Diego. The topic was the Levitical sacrificial system as a prefigure of worship in the New Testament. The “sweet smelling” offerings are discussed as prefigures both of the offerings given by Jesus and by Christians. Specifically discussed are the burnt offering, the grain offering, the drink offering and the fellowship offering. There is also a brief introduction to the sin and guilt sacrifices as prefigures of the sacrificial work of Jesus.
A beginner’s guide to understanding the Bible. This study is intended to show how the Old Testament fits together. For more information please check out my blog. www.thoughtsfromeb.wordpress.com
John Oakes has been traveling in South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Namibia. Below are some of the audios as well as some notes and power points for the lessons on this teaching trip.
Dr John Oakes taught a class titled Living By Faith in Las Vegas 9/9/2012. It is an exposition on Hebrews 11, with the theme that faith is belief in things unseen.
This document provides an overview of Week 3 of a Bible study on the Old Testament. It discusses:
1. The purpose of the study is to give a practical, historical overview of the OT emphasizing God's unfolding plan of salvation through His covenants with Israel and their fulfillment in Jesus.
2. It outlines 12 major events in the OT and discusses the Abrahamic covenant where God promises to make Abraham's descendants a great nation and bless all people through them.
3. It explains that the Mosaic covenant that established Israel's laws is different than the unconditional Abrahamic covenant and was meant for Jews under the Old Covenant theocracy rather than Christians today. Moral laws are universal but others
The document discusses the Ten Commandments and the Law of Moses. It provides context that the Jewish scribes divided the Law into 613 commandments that are contained in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Theologians have traditionally divided the Law into moral and ceremonial parts, seeing the moral law as still binding but not the ceremonial. However, the Bible itself makes no such distinction. The Law was a covenant between God and Israel to set them apart as a holy nation. Its purposes were to govern Israel as a nation separated from others and to reveal sin, acting as a tutor to bring people to Christ by foreshadowing him. While some aspects of the Law are described as lasting forever, Jesus'
This document summarizes how biblical instructions on various health and medical issues were ahead of their time and aligned with modern science. It discusses circumcision, disease prevention through quarantine and sanitation, and risk factors for heart disease. The document argues that biblical guidelines implicitly understood germ theory and benefits of circumcision before modern science. Overall, it aims to show how the Bible provided accurate medical guidance thousands of years before its time and suggests this is evidence it is divinely inspired.
This document contains a summary of a presentation on heaven, hell, and the afterlife given by Douglas A. Jacoby at UCLA on October 21, 2012. The presentation addressed 12 questions about the nature of heaven and hell, including whether heaven is a physical place, whether everyone receives the same reward in heaven, whether the fire of hell is literal, and whether hell lasts forever. It provided biblical references and perspectives from Christian scholars to discuss differing views on these issues. The presentation encouraged moving beyond extreme views and developing a Christ-centered understanding of eternal life.
This document provides an overview of the Old Testament, emphasizing God's unfolding plan of salvation through His covenants with Israel. It covers 12 major events, including the call of Abraham, Joseph in Egypt, the Exodus, Moses receiving the law, and Joshua conquering the promised land. It discusses how the people began to worship false gods after Joshua, leading to a cycle of sin, oppression, prayer, and deliverance by judges like Gideon and Samson. This laid the groundwork for the transition to a kingdom under the first 3 kings: Saul, David, and Solomon, before the kingdom split into Israel and Judah and both faced dispersion from their lands.
Slides supporting a message by Mike Popovich, Freedom Ministries, Church, Colorado Springs, CO.
Topic: The Miracle of The Cross
Date: 4/20/2014
Link to Full Message:
http://freedomministries.tv/media-library/2014-messages/4-20-14/themiracleofthecross/
The document provides an overview and outline of the book of Hebrews. It discusses the purpose of Hebrews, which was to encourage early Christians experiencing persecution. It examines key themes in Hebrews like the superiority of Jesus and exhortations to remain faithful. The document also explores the concept of predestination and whether believers can fall away from faith. It analyzes passages in Hebrews about falling away and God's assurances of salvation. Overall, the document summarizes the major topics and themes discussed in the book of Hebrews.
Looking at the overview of the bible, based on research from Greg Koukl of Stand to Reason in his "The Bible Fast Forward" series. This covers the main theme of the Bible, as well as the 12 major events of the Old Testament.
The document discusses how Christmas is for those who wait. It provides biblical examples of faithful people in the Old Testament who waited for God's salvation and the coming of the Messiah, such as Zechariah, Elizabeth, Mary and Joseph. It then gives an overview of the history of Israel from the time of Abraham until Jesus' ministry, noting how God's people had to endure times of waiting during exile, dispersion and captivity. The theme of waiting patiently for God is shown in various psalms and prophets. The document encourages readers to reflect on whether they are able to be satisfied in God even during times of silence, hardship or prolonged waiting.
Dr. John Oakes is teaching a class on the Book of Ezekiel on four consecutive Thursday evenings, beginning 9/12/14. The class is in San Diego at the Mission Center of Hope (6162 Mission Gorge Road San Diego, CA 92120. Suite A) from 7:30-8:45. Notes, power point and audio will be posted.
On the eighth day following the seven day inauguration of the Tabernacle, God's presence and glory were manifest. This eighth day represented a new beginning and higher level of holiness. Key events on the eighth day included the first sacrifices being offered and eaten at the altar, and God's fire consuming the sacrifices as a sign of acceptance. The eighth day prefigured Jesus, who combined the spiritual and physical, and the eternal state when God will dwell fully with humanity.
The document discusses several topics related to the first five books of the Bible (Pentateuch/Torah):
1) It describes the typology of the Books of Moses - Genesis represents being born in sin, Exodus represents deliverance/being born again, Leviticus represents worship, Numbers represents walk, and Deuteronomy represents warfare.
2) It outlines the Noahide Laws and biblical covenants including Abrahamic, Palestinian, and Mosaic covenants.
3) It discusses the dietary laws, clean and unclean animals, and numbers related to the firstborn in Israel presented in Leviticus.
4) It analyzes the authorship of each book of the Pent
The four horsemen of the apocalypse in Revelation symbolize four periods of tribulation for God's people from the ascension of Jesus until His second coming. The white horse represents the successful spread of the gospel in the first century. The red horse depicts Roman persecution of Christians from the 2nd to 4th centuries. The black horse symbolizes the spiritual darkness during the union of church and state from the 4th to 6th centuries. The pale horse's rider, Death, followed by Hades, represents the millions of martyrs from the 6th to 15th centuries during the Dark Ages.
The document provides an explanation of Revelation 11, which describes John's vision of measuring the temple and altar, the two witnesses prophesying for 1260 days dressed in sackcloth, and their death and resurrection. It identifies the two witnesses as representing the Old and New Testaments of the Bible. It discusses how the Bible was "killed" by a law outlawing it in France in 1793 during the French Revolution but was restored after 3.5 years, and how this led to a great missionary movement. The seventh trumpet encompasses the judgment of the dead and reward of the saints, prophets, and those who fear God's name, as well as the destruction of those who destroyed the earth.
The document discusses God as the lawgiver and examines what God's law reveals about his character. It explores how God's law was revealed before Mount Sinai and how the Sabbath existed prior to the Israelites. The document also notes how God's law was viewed in both the Old and New Testaments, with many prophets and figures expressing love and reverence for the law. Finally, it discusses how God's law is presented positively in the New Testament as something still relevant and linked to love, not negated by grace.
Understanding and Walking in the Glory of GodButch Yulo
This document discusses the significance of the red blood moons that will occur in 2014-2015. It says these moons mark times of both severity and goodness from God. Specifically, it predicts increased birth pains, persecution, and moral/spiritual evil during this time, but also great outpourings of the Holy Spirit and harvest of souls. The document encourages preparing "arks" of protection and adjusting one's understanding of time according to God's calendar of feasts and Sabbaths. Overall it conveys a sense of impending tribulation but also God's faithfulness to deliver and redeem his people.
This document contains excerpts from the Bible and other Christian sources discussing the mark of the beast from the book of Revelation. It summarizes that the beast is the Papacy, which received its power and throne from pagan Rome. The mark is enforcing Sunday worship, which has no biblical basis but was established by the Catholic Church. Those who receive this mark by worshipping on Sunday instead of the biblically commanded Sabbath day will receive God's wrath.
The document summarizes key steps in the increasing relationship between church and state in the United States, including:
1) Recent Supreme Court cases that have weakened the separation of church and state.
2) Changes in the composition of the Supreme Court that have resulted in a Catholic majority for the first time.
3) The tradition of the "Red Mass" where political leaders attend Catholic mass before the Supreme Court session.
4) Actions taken by U.S. political leaders to honor the death of Pope John Paul II and inauguration of Pope Benedict XVI that demonstrated deference to the Catholic Church.
5) Visits by President Bush and other political leaders with the Pope that blurred church-state separation.
1. The document discusses interpreting chapters in the Bible by asking three questions: what does it say, what does it mean, and what will I do about it.
2. It then summarizes Revelation chapter 17, explaining symbols like the woman riding the beast represent a false belief system that will be destroyed.
3. The ten horns on the beast represent 10 world leaders who will oppose God but ultimately be defeated when Jesus returns as king.
Jesus affirmed the permanence and authority of Scripture. He said that not even the smallest details of the law, down to individual letters, would pass away until heaven and earth pass away. The document then provides extensive evidence for the permanence and authority of Scripture, including its internal consistency and transforming power, as well as external evidence from its indestructibility, support from archaeology and fulfilled prophecies, and scientific and historical accuracy.
Mesopotamian civilizations notes from textbooktkester
The document summarizes key people and events in Jewish history from Abraham to the exile of the Jewish people in Babylon, as outlined in the textbook. It describes Abraham as the founder of Israel, God's covenant with him, and the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. It mentions Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt, David and Solomon becoming kings of a united Israel, and the division of the kingdom after Solomon. It also briefly outlines the Ten Commandments, Judeo-Christian tradition emphasizing ethics and moral standards, and the exile of the Jewish people to Babylon in 586 BC.
The document summarizes key people and events in Jewish history from Abraham to the exile of the Jewish people in Babylon, as outlined in the Torah and Bible. It describes Abraham as the founder of Israel, God's covenant with Abraham, Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt, King David uniting Israel, King Solomon building the temple in Jerusalem, and the division of Israel into two kingdoms before their conquest and exile. It also mentions the Ten Commandments and the shared Judeo-Christian ethical tradition of moral standards and social justice that teaches all people are equal before God.
This document provides a biblical argument against excessive government overreach in response to COVID-19. It argues that civil authority is delegated by God and limited in scope. Governments are meant to protect life and liberty, not commit "economic suicide" through unjustified lockdowns. The Bible commends those who disobey unjust decrees that violate God's law. Overall, it asserts that individuals and governments must obey God rather than overstep their biblical roles.
Class 1 of a series called the Consummation, a Reformed view of end times or eschatology. This is being taught at Christ Presbyterian Church, 495 Terrell Mill Road, Marietta, GA 30067. This class will be taught at 10am on January 15, 2017.
A Balanced and Biblical Response to Lockdowns & MasksPeter Hammond
- Civil authorities are delegated power by God and are limited and accountable to God. Lockdowns and mask mandates may violate biblical principles of limited government, individual liberty, and prioritizing health over economic destruction.
- While taking reasonable precautions, governments should avoid draconian measures that infringe on fundamental freedoms and destroy livelihoods. The response to COVID-19 has been disproportionate compared to other health issues that cause more death and harm globally.
A Balanced and Biblical Response to Lockdowns and MasksPeter Hammond
This document provides a biblical response to lockdowns and masks from Dr. Peter Hammond. It argues that civil authority is delegated by God and limited/accountable to God. Lockdowns amounted to unjustified economic suicide that violated constitutional rights. While prudence is wise, we should avoid panic and respect individual freedom. Government actions must be grounded in biblical principles of justice, protection of life, and decentralization of power.
Paul teaches that God has not rejected Israel and the Jewish people remain central to God's plans. While some Jewish people rejected Christ, their rejection was not complete or permanent. God will one day graft the Jewish people back into their own olive tree. Paul warns Christians not to be arrogant toward Jews but to see the blessings and spiritual foundations that have come from God's chosen people.
The document discusses three main points:
1. The Day-Years and Times are about three key events in history - the Islamic conquest of Jerusalem in the 7th century, the establishment of Israel as a nation in 1948, and Israel gaining control of Jerusalem in 1967.
2. The two witnesses mentioned in Revelation 11 are identified as the Jewish people and Gentile Church based on references to two olive trees and two candlesticks representing these groups.
3. Several biblical passages are cited to argue that God has an everlasting covenant with the Jewish people and will not reject or replace them, as some believe, despite their current rejection of Jesus as the Messiah.
This document provides an overview of various approaches to biblical interpretation throughout Jewish history, beginning with Midrashic, Talmudic, and medieval interpretations. It then discusses contemporary hermeneutical approaches including Neo-Hasidic, Jewish environmentalism, social justice, Palestinian, feminist, animal justice, and Messianic interpretations. The document lists sources to focus on for each contemporary approach and provides instructions for a short paper assignment focusing on author presuppositions, purposes, unique interpretive methods, conclusions, and strengths/problems. It also provides library resources and reviews key concepts in textual transmission and early interpretive literature.
1. The document discusses sacred places, times, and actions outlined in the books of Exodus through Deuteronomy, including the tabernacle, festivals, and observance of the Law.
2. Key points from the Exodus narrative are summarized, including the ten plagues, establishment of Passover, exodus from Egypt, and giving of the Law at Mount Sinai.
3. Directions are provided for constructing the tabernacle.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
5. Exodus 19
1 On the first day of the third month after the Israelites
left Egypt—on that very day—they came to the Desert of
Sinai. 2 After they set out from Rephidim, they entered
the Desert of Sinai, and Israel camped there in the
desert in front of the mountain.
6. Exodus 19
3 Then Moses went up to God, and the LORD called to
him from the mountain and said, “This is what you are to
say to the descendants of Jacob and what you are to tell
the people of Israel: 4 ‘You yourselves have seen what I
did to Egypt, and how I carried you on eagles’ wings and
brought you to myself. 5 Now if you obey me fully and
keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my
treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine,
6 you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy
nation.’ These are the words you are to speak to the
Israelites.”
7. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Gordan Wenham, Four Keys about the Covenant
1.It starts with God’s saving Grace.
‣I brought you out of Egypt…on eagle’s wings (This is
the “Historical Prologue”)
‣Remember this the next time you’re tempted to think
that the Old Testament is about “works.”
Phrase to Remember: “Covenantal Nomism”
8. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Gordan Wenham, Four Keys about the Covenant
1.It starts with God’s saving Grace.
‣I brought you out of Egypt…on eagle’s wings (This is
the “Historical Prologue”)
‣Remember this the next time you’re tempted to think
that the Old Testament is about “works.”
2.The People are expected to respond in obedience.
‣This represents the “Stipulations”
9. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Gordan Wenham, Four Keys about the Covenant
4.Obedience will be rewarded with greater intimacy.
‣“You will be my treasured possession.”
‣The reward is God (See John Piper, “Christian Hedonism”)
5.The covenant relationship is intended to benefit
the world (i.e. those not in the covenant).
‣Q: Evidence?
10. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Gordan Wenham, Four Keys about the Covenant
4.Obedience will be rewarded with greater intimacy.
‣“You will be my treasured possession.”
‣The reward is God (See John Piper, “Christian Hedonism”)
5.The covenant relationship is intended to benefit
the world (i.e. those not in the covenant).
‣Q: Evidence? A: “Kingdom of Priests” (19.6)
11.
12. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Gordan Wenham, Four Keys about the Covenant
4.Obedience will be rewarded with greater intimacy.
‣“You will be my treasured possession.”
‣The reward is God (See John Piper, “Christian Hedonism”)
5.The covenant relationship is intended to benefit
the world (i.e. those not in the covenant).
‣Q: Evidence? A: “Kingdom of Priests” (19.6)
‣Priests mediate the divine to non-priests
13. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Prior to the Golden Calf, the Law is not particularly
complicated…
‣The Ten Words and the Book of the Covenant (see
Exod. 20-23; cf. 24.7).
- Yet if the Exodus is form of new creation, the golden calf
is kind of second fall.
14.
15. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Prior to the Golden Calf, the Law is not particularly
complicated-Ten Words and the Book of Covenant.
(see Exod. 20-23; cf. 24.7).
- Yet if the Exodus is form of new creation, the golden
calf is kind of second fall.
‣Evidence suggests that the calf is an image of
YHWH.
- After this, the Law becomes more complex (What then
is/are the purpose(s) of the Law?)
16. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Some functions of the Law in (Biblical) Theology:
‣Three TYPES of law in Reformed Theology:
1.Civil—Restrains evil and evil persons.
2.Ceremonial—E.g. sacrifices, etc.
3.Moral—The so-called “moral law” shows us how
to live (even after salvation).
Caveat: These categories do NOT necessarily exist in the Torah!
17. Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Some functions of the Law in (Biblical) Theology:
‣Three TYPES of law in Reformed Theology:
1.Civil—Restrains evil and evil persons.
2.Ceremonial—E.g. sacrifices, etc.
3.Moral—The so-called “moral law” shows us how
to live (even after salvation).
Israel:
Caveat: These categories do NOT necessarily exist in the Torah!
Not for us, because we are
not Israel.
In a non-nomadic 21st c. setting,
our civil laws may differ.
18. Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Some functions of the Law in (Biblical) Theology:
‣Three TYPES of law in Reformed Theology:
1.Civil—Restrains evil and evil persons.
2.Ceremonial—E.g. sacrifices, etc.
3.Moral—The so-called “moral law” shows us how
to live (even after salvation).
Israel:
Caveat: These categories do NOT necessarily exist in the Torah!
Fulfilled in Christ
(E.g. Hebrews)
19. Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Some functions of the Law in (Biblical) Theology:
‣Three TYPES of law in Reformed Theology:
1.Civil—Restrains evil and evil persons.
2.Ceremonial—E.g. sacrifices, etc.
3.Moral—The so-called “moral law” shows us how
to live (even after salvation).
Israel:
Caveat: These categories do NOT necessarily exist in the Torah!
Remains “for us” but for our
sanctification, not our salvation.
20. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Some functions of the Law in (Biblical) Theology:
‣Three Uses of the law in Reformed Theology:
1.Civil—Restrains evil and evil persons.
2.Pedagogical—Teaches God’s moral character
and our own inability to live up.
3.Normative—The so-called “moral law” shows us
how to live (even after salvation).
Caveat: These categories do NOT necessarily exist in the Torah!
21. Israel:
Israel at Sinai —The giving of the Law
- Some functions of the Law in (Biblical) Theology:
‣What about the “odd” laws (e.g., Leviticus)
1.Health/Hygiene—(perhaps some…)
2.Prevent Idolatry—(more questionable…)
3.To crush self-sufficiency—(See Luther)
4.To preserve Israel culturally even while she
remained no different spiritually.
The Boat Analogy + Paul’s understanding of Law
26. Israel:
Tabernacle:
- Nearly 1/3 of Exodus is taken up with it’s construction
- A microcosm of the cosmos.
- Perhaps patterned after the movable throne room of
Rameses II (KEY: YHWH is ruling as King).
- A Place of Sacrificial Worship:
- Key Texts:
27. Leviticus 17
11 …the life of a creature is in the blood, and I have
given it to you to make atonement for yourselves on the
altar; it is the blood that makes atonement for one’s life.
Hebrews 9.22
…the life of a creature is in the blood, and I have given it
to you to make atonement for yourselves on the altar; it
is the blood that makes atonement for one’s life.
28. Israel:
Sacrifices:
- Why sacrifices? Does God “need” them?
‣Our Atonement class has covered this extensively.
- In the OT, sacrifices (perhaps excluding Yom Kippur)
were only for unintentional or minor sins.
‣Yet God clearly “forgives” (e.g. Ps. 32.5).
๏“Then I acknowledged my sin to you and did not
cover up my iniquity. I said, ‘I will confess my
transgressions to the Lord.’ And you forgave the
guilt of my sin.”
29. Israel:
Sacrifices:
- Why sacrifices? Does God “need” them?
‣God does not need them (Hos. 6.6).
‣They teach the severity of sin (e.g. Lev. 17)
‣They point forward to Christ (Heb.).
‣More on this later…
30. Israel:
Sacrifices:
- Why sacrifices? Does God “need” them?
‣God does not need them (Hos. 6.6).
‣They teach the severity of sin (e.g. Lev. 17)
‣They point forward to Christ (Heb.).
‣More on this later…
31. Israel:
Kingship:
- What we learn in the wake of Joshua and Judges…
‣Israel does not want YHWH as her only King.
- Key Text: 1 Samuel 8 (Samuel is last Judge)
32. 1 Samuel 8
4 So all the elders of Israel gathered together and came
to Samuel at Ramah. 5 They said to him, “You are old,
and your sons do not follow your ways; now appoint a
king to lead us, such as all the other nations have.”
6 But when they said, “Give us a king to lead us,” this
displeased Samuel; so he prayed to the Lord. 7 And the
Lord told him: “Listen to all that the people are saying to
you; it is not you they have rejected, but they have
rejected me as their king. 8 As they have done from the
day I brought them up out of Egypt until this day,
forsaking me and serving other gods, so they are doing
to you.
33. 1 Samuel 8
10 Samuel told all the words of the Lord to the people
who were asking him for a king. 11 He said, “This is what
the king who will reign over you will claim as his rights:
He will take your sons and make them serve with his
chariots and horses…13 He will take your daughters to
be perfumers and cooks and bakers. 14 He will take the
best of your fields and vineyards…15 He will take a tenth
of your grain and of your vintage and give it to his
officials and attendants…17 He will take a tenth of your
flocks, and you yourselves will become his slaves.
18 When that day comes, you will cry out for relief from
the king you have chosen, but the Lord will not answer
you in that day.”
19 But the people refused to listen to Samuel. “No!” they
34. 1 Samuel 8
10 Samuel told all the words of the Lord to the people
who were asking him for a king. 11 He said, “This is what
the king who will reign over you will claim as his rights:
He will take your sons and make them serve with his
chariots and horses…13 He will take your daughters to
be perfumers and cooks and bakers. 14 He will take the
best of your fields and vineyards…15 He will take a tenth
of your grain and of your vintage and give it to his
officials and attendants…17 He will take a tenth of your
flocks, and you yourselves will become his slaves.
18 When that day comes, you will cry out for relief from
the king you have chosen, but the Lord will not answer
you in that day.”
19 But the people refused to listen to Samuel. “No!” they
It ends as Exodus begins.
Israel in slavery / “Crying out”
But this time, no answer.
35. Israel:
Kingship:
- Key Text: 1 Samuel 8 (Samuel is last Judge)
‣The problem is NOT that Israel wanted a king.
‣The problem that YHWH was their king, and they
rejected him.
36. Israel:
Kingship:
- Gordon Hugenberger sees Kingship as the key to all
Biblical theology (Some claims).
‣Adam and Eve as God’s vassal kings.
‣Sanctuary in fact a kind of palace.
๏No Heb. word for “temple,” only palace/house.
‣Covenant modeled on Suzerain-vassal docs.
๏Two tablets, one for Suzerain, one for vassal
‣Tithing and Worship Gestures (e.g. shoe-less
priests) patterned after royalty, not religion.
37. Israel:
Kingship:
- Gordon Hugenberger sees Kingship as the key to all
Biblical theology (Some claims).
‣Adam and Eve as God’s vassal kings.
‣Sanctuary in fact a kind of palace.
๏No Heb. word for “temple,” only palace/house.
‣Covenant modeled on Suzerain-vassal docs.
๏Two tablets, one for Suzerain, one for vassal
‣Tithing and Worship Gestures (e.g. shoe-less
priests) patterned after royalty, not religion.
Hugenberger may go too far,
but the theme is surely
important.
38. Israel:
Kingship:
- Gordon Hugenberger sees Kingship as the key to all
Biblical theology (Some claims).
‣Adam and Eve as God’s vassal kings.
‣Sanctuary in fact a kind of palace.
๏No Heb. word for “temple,” only palace/house.
‣Covenant modeled on Suzerain-vassal docs.
๏Two tablets, one for Suzerain, one for vassal
‣Tithing and Worship Gestures (e.g. shoe-less
priests) patterned after royalty, not religion.
39. Israel:
Kingship:
- Key Text: 1 Samuel 8 (Samuel is last Judge)
‣The problem is NOT that Israel wanted a king.
‣The problem that YHWH was their king, and they
rejected him.
- With kingship comes desire for a temple.
41. 2 Samuel 7
1After the king was settled in his palace and the Lord
had given him rest from all his enemies around him, 2 he
said to Nathan the prophet, “Here I am, living in a house
of cedar, while the ark of God remains in a tent.”
3 Nathan replied to the king, “Whatever you have in
mind, go ahead and do it, for the Lord is with you.”
42. 2 Samuel 7
4 But that night the word of the Lord came to Nathan,
saying:
5 “Go and tell my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord
says: Are you the one to build me a house to dwell in?
6 I have not dwelt in a house from the day I brought the
Israelites up out of Egypt to this day. I have been moving
from place to place with a tent as my dwelling.
7 Wherever I have moved with all the Israelites, did I
ever say to any of their rulers whom I commanded to
shepherd my people Israel, “Why have you not built me a
house of cedar?”’
Brueggemann sees this as a denunciation of the temple
and the “royal consciousness.”
45. Walter Brueggemann:
The economics of affluence and the politics of
oppression are the most characteristic marks of the
Solomonic achievement. But these by themselves could
not have prospered and endured as they did had they
not received theological sanction.
[With] the establishment of a controlled, static
religion…God and his temple have become part of the
royal landscape, in which the sovereignty of God is fully
subordinated to the purpose of the king. In Jerusalem in
this period there is a radical revision of the character or
God. […] It is almost inconceivable that the God
domiciled in Jerusalem would ever say anything
substantive or abrasive [to the king].
46. Walter Brueggemann:
Two observations must be made here. First, I agree with
those scholars who stress the tension between the
Mosaic and royal traditions… they have different roots
and foster quite different visions of reality. Second, the
reasons for the disastrous religious achievement of
Solomon…are sociological and not historical. That
is…Solomon had this kind of shrine…because it served
his social ideology…
“I have built thee an exalted house… (1 Kgs 8.13).”
God is now “on call,” and access to him is controlled by
the royal court.
(The Prophetic Imagination, 28-9).
47. 2 Samuel 7
4 But that night the word of the Lord came to Nathan,
saying:
5 “Go and tell my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord
says: Are you the one to build me a house to dwell in?
6 I have not dwelt in a house from the day I brought the
Israelites up out of Egypt to this day. I have been moving
from place to place with a tent as my dwelling.
7 Wherever I have moved with all the Israelites, did I
ever say to any of their rulers whom I commanded to
shepherd my people Israel, “Why have you not built me a
house of cedar?”’
Brueggemann sees this as a denunciation of the temple
and the “royal consciousness.”
Bruggemann’s desire to
critique modern power and
affluence likely causes him to
go a bit too far.
48. 2 Samuel 7
8 “Now then, tell my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord
Almighty says: I took you from the pasture, from tending
the flock, and appointed you ruler over my people Israel.
9 I have been with you wherever you have gone, and I
have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will
make your name great, like the names of the greatest
men on earth. 10 And I will provide a place for my people
Israel and will plant them so that they can have a home
of their own and no longer be disturbed. Wicked people
will not oppress them anymore, as they did at the
beginning 11 and have done ever since the time I
appointed leaders over my people Israel. I will also give
you rest from all your enemies.
49. 2 Samuel 7
“‘The LORD declares to you that the LORD himself will
establish a house for you: 12 When your days are over
and you rest with your ancestors, I will raise up your
offspring to succeed you, your own flesh and blood, and I
will establish his kingdom.
13 He is the one who will build a house for my Name,
and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. 14 I
will be his father, and he will be my son. When he does
wrong, I will punish him with a rod wielded by men, with
floggings inflicted by human hands.
50. 2 Samuel 7
15 But my love will never be taken away from him, as I
took it away from Saul, whom I removed from before
you. 16 Your house and your kingdom will endure
forever before me; your throne will be established
forever.’”
53. Israel:
Temple (promised)
- Key Text: 2 Samuel 7: The Davidic Covenant
‣Promises:
1.To make David’s name great.
2.Plant Israel and give rest from enemies.
3.Establish David’s dynasty forever.
4.King will have a father-son relationship with God.
5.David’s son will build God’s House.
What’s new with the Davidic covenant is that Kingship is
joined with the Law of Sinai.
54. Israel:
Temple (promised)
- Key Text: 2 Samuel 7: The Davidic Covenant
‣Promises:
1.To make David’s name great.
2.Plant Israel and give rest from enemies.
3.Establish David’s dynasty forever.
4.King will have a father-son relationship with God.
5.David’s son will build God’s House.
What’s new with the Davidic covenant is that Kingship is
joined with the Law of Sinai.
Still, kingship is not
entirely new: Abraham
Gen 17—“Kings will come
from you.”
55. Israel:
Temple (promised)
- Key Text: 2 Samuel 7: The Davidic Covenant
‣Promises:
1.To make David’s name great.
2.Plant Israel and give rest from enemies.
3.Establish David’s dynasty forever.
4.King will have a father-son relationship with God.
5.David’s son will build God’s House.
An example of how prophecies can have a plurality of
fulfillments—Solomon, later kings(?), Jesus (son of
David).
56. Israel:
David as the archetypal King: (Three keys)
1.David conquers Zion (old city of Jerusalem), the
Jebusite hill-top fortress; it becomes “City of David.”
59. Israel:
David as the archetypal King: (Three keys)
1.David conquers Zion (old city of Jerusalem), the
Jebusite hill-top fortress; it becomes “City of David.”
2.Returns the ark to Zion (possible project).
61. Israel:
David as the archetypal King: (Three keys)
1.David conquers Zion (old city of Jerusalem), the
Jebusite hill-top fortress; it becomes “City of David.”
2.Returns the ark to Zion.
3.Like Melchizedek, the ancient king of Salem, David
performs both priestly and Kingly functions.
‣2 Samuel 6
62. 2 Samuel 6
17 They brought the ark of the Lord and set it in its place
inside the tent that David had pitched for it, and David
sacrificed burnt offerings and fellowship offerings before
the Lord. 18 After he had finished sacrificing the burnt
offerings and fellowship offerings, he blessed the people
in the name of the Lord Almighty.
63.
64. Israel:
David as the archetypal King: (Three keys)
1.David conquers Zion (old city of Jerusalem), the
Jebusite hill-top fortress; it becomes “City of David.”
2.Returns the ark to Zion.
3.Like Melchizedek, the ancient king of Salem, David
performs both priestly and Kingly functions.
‣2 Samuel 6
Questions?
65. Israel:
Solomon as an example of Kingship gone wrong.
- Starting well does not mean finishing well…
- Hints from the tradition: 2 Chron. 9.13 (“666”).
66. 2 Chronicles 9
13 Now the weight of gold which came to Solomon in
one year was 666 talents of gold, 14 besides that which
the traders and merchants brought; and all the kings of
Arabia and the governors of the country brought gold
and silver to Solomon.…
67. 2 Chronicles 9
13 Now the weight of gold which came to Solomon in
one year was 666 talents of gold, 14 besides that which
the traders and merchants brought; and all the kings of
Arabia and the governors of the country brought gold
and silver to Solomon.…
Revelation 13 seems to draw on this to speak of
the Beast’s false and exploitative rule.
68. Israel:
Solomon as an example of Kingship gone wrong.
- Starting well does not mean finishing well…
- Hints from the tradition: 2 Chron. 9.13 (“666”).
- Solomon’s sins will ultimately split the Kingdoms.
‣Israel in North
‣Judah in South
69. Israel:
Prophets + Exile
- As King and Temple take an exploitative turn with
Solomon and his successors, the Prophets become
the prosecutors of God’s covenant.
‣Herein lies the value in Brueggemann’s sometimes
overblown contrast (Prophets vs. Royals).
70. Walter Brueggemann
The prophetic imagination [offers] a genuine alternative
to the royal consciousness.
We also are children of the royal consciousness. All of us
in one way or another, have deep commitments to it (39)
The prophet is engaged in a battle for language, in an
effort to create a different epistemology out of which
another community might emerge. […] He has only the
hope that the ache of God could penetrate the numbness
of history. He engages not in scare or threat but only in a
yearning that grows with and out of pain (55) - The
Prophetic Imagination.
71. Israel:
Prophets + Exile
- As King and Temple take an exploitative turn with
Solomon and his successors, the Prophets become
the prosecutors of God’s covenant.
‣Herein lies the value in Brueggemann’s sometimes
overblown contrast (Prophets vs. Royals).
- All prophetic books come in the time of the monarchy
or after its demise.
- No dynasty of prophets; they are called by God.
Some Prophetic Snapshots…
74. Israel:
Elijah + Elisha
- Jesus’ ministry most resembles that of Elisha.
‣Called himself a “prophet” (Mk. 6.4).
‣Wrote nothing.
‣Saw John the Baptist as Elijah (see also Mal. 4.5).
‣Emphasis on miracles as well as oracles.
‣Both will help foreigners as Israel turns away.
๏E.g. Luke 4
76. Luke 4
24 “Truly I tell you,” he continued, “no prophet is
accepted in his hometown. 25 I assure you that there
were many widows in Israel in Elijah’s time, when the
sky was shut for three and a half years and there was a
severe famine throughout the land. 26 Yet Elijah was not
sent to any of them, but to a widow in Zarephath in the
region of Sidon. 27 And there were many in Israel with
leprosy in the time of Elisha the prophet, yet not one of
them was cleansed—only Naaman the Syrian.”
28 All the people in the synagogue were furious when
they heard this.
77. Israel:
Elijah + Elisha
- Jesus’ ministry most resembles that of Elisha.
‣Called himself a “prophet” (Mk. 6.4).
‣Wrote nothing.
‣Saw John the Baptist as Elijah (see also Mal. 4.5).
‣Emphasis on miracles as well as oracles.
‣Both will help foreigners as Israel turns away.
While Jesus would later be seen as both Priest and King,
Wright argues that he would have been seen primarily as a
PROPHET in his own day.
81. Isaiah 53
1Who has believed our message
and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?
2 He grew up before him like a tender shoot,
and like a root out of dry ground.
He had no beauty or majesty to attract us to him,
nothing in his appearance that we should desire him.
3 He was despised and rejected by mankind,
a man of suffering, and familiar with pain.
Like one from whom people hide their faces
he was despised, and we held him in low esteem.
82. Isaiah 53
4Surely he took up our pain
and bore our suffering,
yet we considered him punished by God,
stricken by him, and afflicted.
5 But he was pierced for our transgressions,
he was crushed for our iniquities;
the punishment that brought us peace was on him,
and by his wounds we are healed.
6 We all, like sheep, have gone astray,
each of us has turned to our own way;
and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all.
83. Israel:
Isaiah:
- The greatest writing prophet.
- The Suffering Servant (Is. 53)
‣Originally, the servant was seen as Israel.
‣A clear example of substitutionary atonement.
‣Jesus likely sees himself as assuming this vocation.
86. Israel:
Jeremiah:
- Prophesies and experiences (e.g. Lamentations) the
fall of Jerusalem to the Babylonians.
‣Two Key Dates in Israel’s History
๏722 BC, Northern Kingdom falls to Assyria
๏586 BC, Southern Kingdom falls to Babylon
- Amid this despair, he also speaks of New Covenant.
- Key text: Jeremiah 31
87. Jeremiah 31
27 “The days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will
plant the kingdoms of Israel and Judah with the offspring
of people and of animals. 28 Just as I watched over them
to uproot and tear down, and to overthrow, destroy and
bring disaster, so I will watch over them to build and to
plant,” declares the Lord. 29 “In those days people will
no longer say,
‘The parents have eaten sour grapes,
and the children’s teeth are set on edge.’
30 Instead, everyone will die for their own sin; whoever
eats sour grapes—their own teeth will be set on edge.
88. Jeremiah 31
31 “The days are coming,” declares the Lord,
“when I will make a new covenant
with the people of Israel
and with the people of Judah.
32 It will not be like the covenant
I made with their ancestors
when I took them by the hand
to lead them out of Egypt,
because they broke my covenant,
though I was a husband to them,”
declares the Lord.
89. Jeremiah 31
33 “This is the covenant I will make with the people of
Israel after that time,” declares the Lord.
“I will put my law in their minds
and write it on their hearts.
I will be their God, and they will be my people.
34 No longer will they teach their neighbor,
or say to one another, ‘Know the Lord,’
because they will all know me,
from the least of them to the greatest,” declares the
Lord.“For I will forgive their wickedness
and will remember their sins no more.”
90. Israel:
Jeremiah:
- Key text: Jeremiah 31 (The New Covenant)
‣How this New Covenant Differs:
๏It will be kept, because it is written on the heart.
๏Each dies for own sin (vs. 30).
‣Covenant membership is less familial - thus the
New Covenant family will be of all nations.
๏This is all made possible because of “David’s
righteous Branch —The LORD our
Righteousness”(!)
91. Jeremiah 23
3 “I myself will gather the remnant of my flock out of all
the countries where I have driven them and will bring
them back to their pasture, where they will be fruitful and
increase in number. 4 I will place shepherds over them
who will tend them, and they will no longer be afraid or
terrified, nor will any be missing,” declares the Lord.
5 “The days are coming,” declares the Lord,
“when I will raise up from David a righteous Branch,
a King who will reign wisely
and do what is just and right in the land.
In his days Judah will be saved
92. Jeremiah 23
In his days Judah will be saved
and Israel will live in safety.
This is the name by which he will be called:
The Lord Our Righteous Savior.
93. Israel:
Jeremiah:
- Key text: Jeremiah 31 (The New Covenant)
‣How this New Covenant Differs:
๏It will be kept, because it is written on the heart.
๏Each dies for own sin (vs. 30).
‣Covenant membership is less familial - thus the
New Covenant family will be of all nations.
๏This is all made possible because of “David’s
righteous Branch —The LORD our
Righteousness”(!)
94. Israel:
Exile and Return
- While some do return to the land after exile; the OT
ends with Israel still waiting for such prophecies to be
fulfilled.