An edit of an original presentation on creating paradigms using an imaginary experiment conducted by scientists.

1. How Is A Paradigm Formed?
"Only two things are infinite:
The universe and human
stupidity. And I am not so sure
about the former."
Albert Einstein

2. MONKEY SEE, MONKEY DO.
 Ladder (escalera)
 Soak. (remojar)
 The rest of. (lo demas)
 Dare. (atreverse)
 Beat up (dar paliza)
 Even though (aun que)
 Regardless. (a pesar de)
 Climb (escalar)
 Cage (jaula)

3. A group of scientists placed
5 monkeys in a cage,
and in the middle, a ladder with
bananas on top.

4. Every time a monkey went up the ladder,
the scientists soaked the rest of the
monkeys with cold water.

5. After a while, every time a monkey went up the
ladder, the others beat-up the one on the
ladder.

6. After some time, no monkey dared to go up
the ladder, regardless of the temptation.

7. The scientists then decided to substitute one of
the monkeys. The 1st thing this new monkey
did was to go up the ladder. Immediately the
other monkeys beat him up.

8. After several beatings, the new member
learned not to climb the ladder even
though he never knew why.

9. A 2nd monkey was substituted and the same
thing happened. The 1st monkey participated in
the beating for the 2nd monkey.

10. The replacement was repeated until
what was left was a group of 5 monkeys that even-
though they had never received a cold shower,
continued to beat-up any monkey who attempted to
climb the ladder.

11. If you asked the monkeys why the beatings
took place

12. The answer would probably be….
“Well, I don’t know –
that’s just how things are done around
here”

13. PAST TENSE PRONUNCIATION
‘ED’

14. Most people who aren’t familiar with modern
English pronunciation will have had difficulty
pronouncing the simple past tense
‘ED’

15. The Default rule to follow is…
Drop the ‘E’ sound to make the words flow
together

16. For Example.
Listened

17. For Example.
Listen’d

18. For Example.
Happened

19. For Example.
Happen’d

20. For Example.
Changed

21. For Example.
Change’d

22. For Example.
Change’d
Note: The ‘e’ in this case affects the spelling of the previous letters and so it
remains. It is not pronounced with the ‘d’

23. Two Exceptions
Verbs ending in ‘ t ’ or ‘ d ’

24. For Example
Repeated

25. For Example
Repeat’d

26. This pronunciation does not flow.
Repeat’d

27. So the ‘e’ remains.
And the suffix is pronounced separately.
Repeated

28. Second Exception.
Decided
Note: The ‘e’ is silent at the end of the verb

29. Second Exception.
This also does not flow.
Decid’d

30. So the ‘e’ remains.
And it is pronounced separately.
Decided

31. Remember, the default position is
to eliminate the ‘e’
To make the words flow together.

32. Remember, the default position is
to eliminate the ‘e’
To make the words flow together.
(except with ‘t’ or ‘d’)

33. It takes practice!
Try those verbs again

34. Substituted,, Replaced,, Placed,, Soaked,
Dared,, Decided,, Attempted, Learned,
Changed,, Happened,, Continued,
Occurred,, Received, Repeated

35. Substituted, Replace’d, Place’d, Soak’d,
Dare’d, Decided, Attempted, Learn’d,
Change’d, Happen’d, Continue’d,
Occurr’d, Receive’d, Repeated.

36. PAST TENSE PRONUNCIATION
Substituted
Replaced
Placed
Soaked
Dared
Decided
Attempted
Learned
Changed
Happened
Continued
Occurred
Received
Repeated

37. Substituted
Replace’d
Place’d
Soak’d
Dare’d
Decided
Attempted
Learn’d
Change’d
Happen’d
Continue’d
Occurr’d
Receive’d
Repeated
DEFAULT PRONUNCIATION