5 lab methods
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The document outlines a meticulous cleaning procedure to prepare fish bones for isotope analysis by removing any dust or impurities that could jeopardize results. The procedure involves using a dremel tool to clean the bone surface, dissolving the bone in acid to extract collagen, and freeze-drying the collagen to remove all moisture prior to analysis.
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4 field methods
Researchers collected ancient fish bone samples from middens at multiple archaeological sites in Penobscot Bay, Maine. Middens are ancient garbage heaps containing remains like mussel shells and fish bones representative of the local diet. Within middens, distinct layers or strata form over time, often representing cultural changes, and changes in diet can be tracked by analyzing differences between strata. Researchers searched specific layers for bones of nearshore fish like flounder and sculpin and offshore fish like cod. They also found ancient fish hooks confirming fish was a major part of the local diet. Researchers collect modern fish bones to compare isotopic signatures to ancient samples and track dietary changes over time.
1 geologic history_2
The Gulf of Maine began forming 190 million years ago when the supercontinent Pangea broke up. By 50 million years ago, Pangea had fully broken apart and the Gulf of Maine had taken its current location. The second major event was 18,000 years ago when the Laurentide Ice Sheet advanced into the Gulf of Maine, depositing rocks and shaping the seafloor as it retreated 13,000 years ago. These two geologic events of continental breakup and glacial activity helped form the underwater landscape of the Gulf of Maine.
Idiom compatibility
The document discusses the Russian idiom "Одна нога здесь, другая там", which translates to "One foot here, the other there" and means to move very quickly or go immediately. It provides the context that the idiom is used to tell someone to go do something as soon as possible, like telling someone to "go get me a pencil" quickly.
Carbon Isotope Fractionation
This document reviews carbon isotopic fractionation in Emiliania huxleyi under high pCO2 conditions and whether alkenones can be used as a paleobarometer. It describes background on carbon isotopic fractionation and alkenones as biomarkers. Experimental frameworks including batch cultures and mesocosms that manipulated pCO2 levels are discussed. Methods for calculating carbon isotopic composition and isotopic fractionation are presented. Results from several studies on environmental influences are summarized. The discussion considers using alkenones as a paleo proxy and outlines areas for future research.
3 eelgrass
The document discusses 5 ways that eelgrass helps the Gulf of Maine ecosystem and commercial fisheries. Eelgrass provides 1) shelter for small animals, 2) food for animals like snails, 3) habitat for various animals including winter flounder, rock crab, and sea stars, 4) nutrients when blades decay, and 5) stability by slowing water currents and preventing erosion. Overall, eelgrass promotes a vibrant fisheries industry in the Gulf of Maine through the shelter, food, habitat, nutrients, and stability it provides.
5 lab methods
To prepare fish bones for isotope analysis, researchers follow a meticulous cleaning procedure. First, they clean off the bone surface using a dremel tool. Second, they dissolve the bone in acid to extract collagen. Third, they freeze-dry the collagen to remove all moisture, leaving the sample ready for precise isotope analysis.
Autopsy procedure
This document discusses procedures for examining the vertebral column and spinal cord through both anterior and posterior approaches. It also describes collecting relevant specimens for further examination, such as histopathology or toxicology, and proper preservation and labeling of specimens to maintain the chain of custody. The key steps are removing organs to access the vertebral bodies from the front or removing spinal processes and lamina from the back to expose the spinal cord. Specimens like the brain, liver, blood and urine are collected depending on suspected poisoning. Proper sealing and documentation is needed to track the specimens from collection to court presentation.
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4 field methods
Researchers collected ancient fish bone samples from middens at multiple archaeological sites in Penobscot Bay, Maine. Middens are ancient garbage heaps containing remains like mussel shells and fish bones representative of the local diet. Within middens, distinct layers or strata form over time, often representing cultural changes, and changes in diet can be tracked by analyzing differences between strata. Researchers searched specific layers for bones of nearshore fish like flounder and sculpin and offshore fish like cod. They also found ancient fish hooks confirming fish was a major part of the local diet. Researchers collect modern fish bones to compare isotopic signatures to ancient samples and track dietary changes over time.
1 geologic history_2
The Gulf of Maine began forming 190 million years ago when the supercontinent Pangea broke up. By 50 million years ago, Pangea had fully broken apart and the Gulf of Maine had taken its current location. The second major event was 18,000 years ago when the Laurentide Ice Sheet advanced into the Gulf of Maine, depositing rocks and shaping the seafloor as it retreated 13,000 years ago. These two geologic events of continental breakup and glacial activity helped form the underwater landscape of the Gulf of Maine.
Idiom compatibility
The document discusses the Russian idiom "Одна нога здесь, другая там", which translates to "One foot here, the other there" and means to move very quickly or go immediately. It provides the context that the idiom is used to tell someone to go do something as soon as possible, like telling someone to "go get me a pencil" quickly.
Carbon Isotope Fractionation
This document reviews carbon isotopic fractionation in Emiliania huxleyi under high pCO2 conditions and whether alkenones can be used as a paleobarometer. It describes background on carbon isotopic fractionation and alkenones as biomarkers. Experimental frameworks including batch cultures and mesocosms that manipulated pCO2 levels are discussed. Methods for calculating carbon isotopic composition and isotopic fractionation are presented. Results from several studies on environmental influences are summarized. The discussion considers using alkenones as a paleo proxy and outlines areas for future research.
3 eelgrass
The document discusses 5 ways that eelgrass helps the Gulf of Maine ecosystem and commercial fisheries. Eelgrass provides 1) shelter for small animals, 2) food for animals like snails, 3) habitat for various animals including winter flounder, rock crab, and sea stars, 4) nutrients when blades decay, and 5) stability by slowing water currents and preventing erosion. Overall, eelgrass promotes a vibrant fisheries industry in the Gulf of Maine through the shelter, food, habitat, nutrients, and stability it provides.
5 lab methods
To prepare fish bones for isotope analysis, researchers follow a meticulous cleaning procedure. First, they clean off the bone surface using a dremel tool. Second, they dissolve the bone in acid to extract collagen. Third, they freeze-dry the collagen to remove all moisture, leaving the sample ready for precise isotope analysis.
Autopsy procedure
This document discusses procedures for examining the vertebral column and spinal cord through both anterior and posterior approaches. It also describes collecting relevant specimens for further examination, such as histopathology or toxicology, and proper preservation and labeling of specimens to maintain the chain of custody. The key steps are removing organs to access the vertebral bodies from the front or removing spinal processes and lamina from the back to expose the spinal cord. Specimens like the brain, liver, blood and urine are collected depending on suspected poisoning. Proper sealing and documentation is needed to track the specimens from collection to court presentation.
Chapter 2 handling
This document provides information on handling fresh aquatic products. It discusses how fish and other seafood are highly perishable and begin to spoil soon after death due to bacterial and enzymatic activity that is accelerated by higher temperatures. It outlines different types of fish preparation including drawn, dressed, steaks, and fillets. The document also compares characteristics of fresh versus spoiled seafood and provides handling guidelines for different types of seafood to maintain quality like sorting, cleaning, and chilling at low temperatures.
Excretion
The document provides an overview of the excretory system and kidney function. It discusses how different organisms such as insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia, uric acid, or urea. It describes the structure and function of the human kidney and nephrons in filtering waste from the blood and producing urine for excretion. Key topics covered include the excretion of uric acid by birds, the working of the kidney, types of excretion, kidney failure, gout, and kidney stones.
National and international regulations of seafood quality and
This document discusses national and international regulations for seafood quality and safety. It begins by defining seafood and describing its importance as a global commodity. It then outlines various biological, chemical, and physical hazards that can affect seafood quality and safety, such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins, heavy metals, and contaminants. The document also discusses factors that influence bacterial growth in seafood and methods to control quality, including cleaning, time and temperature controls, drying, freezing, and more. It provides examples of specific hazards and concludes by listing environmental chemical contaminant tolerances and limits in fish.
Ready to eat seafood product (sushi).
This document provides information about ready-to-eat sushi. It discusses the history and production process of sushi, as well as some of the potential health risks associated with eating sushi containing raw fish, such as salmonella and listeriosis. The production of industrial sushi involves processes like rice cooking, rolling maki sushi rolls, and packaging. Control measures to prevent pathogens include controlling moisture, pH levels, and proper freezing and storage temperatures. Analytical testing methods to detect pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes in sushi samples are also described.
Dissection of internal organs of fish
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Osmosis Part A
This document provides the materials, equipment, and procedures for an experiment on osmosis using eggs. It lists the materials needed, which include a plastic glass, raw egg, digital scale, plastic spoon, water, salt, and vinegar. The procedure has 7 steps where an egg is placed in vinegar to dissolve its shell, then a saturated salt solution, and finally water, with observations and mass measurements recorded after each step over varying time periods.
How dirty is your library brochure
Samples were collected from various surfaces in the Library West using sterile swabs and tested for bacteria. A total of 37 samples were collected from books, chairs, tables, keyboards, and the Starbucks counter. The samples were streaked onto isolation plates to grow colonies, which were then re-streaked for isolation and identified using PCR and sequencing. Several common skin bacteria were identified such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Micrococcus luteus. Other environmental bacteria isolated included Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, and Curtobacterium luteum. While most bacteria found are typically harmless, washing hands was still recommended due to an increased risk of
Exploration of the Cost-Effectiveness of Using Oysters for Nitrogen Removal F...
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Development of calcium rich candy from fish bone powder
Candy, known also as sweets and confectionery, has a long history as a familiar food treat that is available in many varieties. It is influenced by the size of sugar crystals, aeration, sugar concentrations, color and flavors. People usually prefer food items that fulfill their taste buds rather than healthy ones. So in order to make them healthy and free from diseases we have incorporated calcium rich fish bones, specifically Mackerel fish, to develop sweet and attractive candies.
Kids corner
This document contains information from a dental clinic for children, including activities, experiments about fluoride and oral care tips. The activities section describes two experiments for children to do at home with parental supervision: one where an egg treated with fluoride rinse resists acid damage compared to an untreated egg, and another where vinegar soaks and softens a chicken bone to simulate acid attacks on teeth. Oral care tips encourage brushing teeth after meals, eating healthy foods and visiting the dentist twice a year. The document also lists games, puzzles and coloring pages for children.
Excretion Ppt
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and salts. Nitrogen wastes like ammonia are toxic and must be removed; different organisms excrete nitrogen in the forms of ammonia, urea, or uric acid depending on their environment. In humans, the kidneys filter wastes like urea and salts from the blood and excrete them in urine through the urinary system.
Excretionppt 090508150123-phpapp02 (1)
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and salts. Nitrogen wastes like ammonia are toxic and must be removed differently depending on whether an organism lives on land or in water. Humans and most land animals excrete nitrogen as urea through the kidneys into urine. The kidneys filter wastes from the blood through nephrons and return clean blood to the body while collecting urine to pass from the body.
Bone maceration
bone, bone maceration, defleshing, bone tagging, bone labeling, bone articulation, soft tissue removal, degreasing of bones, bone bleaching, labeling, bone articulation, Storage of bones, Cold Water Maceration Method, Hot Water Maceration Method, Bug Box Maceration Method, Enzyme Maceration Method, Chemical Maceration Method,
Isotopes
Isotopes are variations of chemical elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. We identify isotopes based on their mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. Carbon has three main isotopes: 12C with 6 protons and 6 neutrons; 13C with 6 protons and 7 neutrons; and 14C with 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Isotopes are identified by measuring their distinct atomic masses using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
Isotopes
Isotopes are variations of chemical elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. We identify isotopes based on their mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. Carbon has three main isotopes: 12C with 6 protons and 6 neutrons; 13C with 6 protons and 7 neutrons; and 14C with 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Isotopes are identified by their distinct masses, which are measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
4 field methods
Researchers collected ancient fish bone samples from middens at multiple archaeological sites in Penobscot Bay, Maine. Middens are ancient garbage heaps containing remains like mussel shells and fish bones representative of the local diet. Within middens, distinct layers or strata form over time, often representing cultural changes, and changes in diet can be tracked by analyzing differences between strata. Researchers searched specific layers for bones of nearshore fish like flounder and sculpin and offshore fish like cod. They also found ancient fish hooks confirming fish was a major part of the local diet. Researchers collect modern fish bones to compare isotopic signatures and track dietary changes over time.
4 field methods
Researchers collected ancient fish bone samples from middens at multiple archaeological sites in Penobscot Bay, Maine. Middens are ancient garbage heaps containing remains like mussel shells and fish bones representative of the local diet. Within middens, distinct layers or strata form over time, often representing cultural changes, and changes in diet can be tracked by analyzing differences between strata. Researchers searched specific layers for bones of nearshore fish like flounder and sculpin and offshore fish like cod. They also found ancient fish hooks confirming fish was a major part of the local diet. Researchers collect modern fish bones to compare isotopic signatures to ancient samples and track dietary changes over time.
2 ecological history
1. The Gulf of Maine has low biodiversity due to its relatively young age, limited time for species accumulation, and habitat loss from glaciation.
2. Its low biodiversity makes it more vulnerable to environmental changes, as it lacks alternative species that could fill roles if others are impacted.
3. Ecosystems with greater biodiversity are more stable when faced with unexpected changes, similar to having a variety of sock colors to choose from.
1 geologic history_2
The Gulf of Maine began forming 190 million years ago when the supercontinent Pangea broke up. During the last ice age approximately 18,000 years ago, large glaciers advanced into the Gulf of Maine, depositing many rocks and shaping the underwater landscape. When the glaciers retreated 13,000 years ago, they revealed the seafloor and banks that define the Gulf of Maine's current form and drive ocean currents.
2 ecological history
The Gulf of Maine has relatively low biodiversity for several reasons:
1. It is geologically young, so it has had limited time to develop diverse ecosystems.
2. Its location results in temperature extremes that few species can tolerate.
3. Glaciation during the last ice age compressed habitats and caused local extinctions.
2 ecological history
The Gulf of Maine has relatively low biodiversity for several reasons:
1. It is geologically young, so it has had limited time to develop diverse ecosystems.
2. Its location results in temperature extremes that few species can tolerate.
3. Glaciation during the last ice age compressed habitats and caused local extinctions.
2 ecological history
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
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Similar to 5 lab methods
Chapter 2 handling
This document provides information on handling fresh aquatic products. It discusses how fish and other seafood are highly perishable and begin to spoil soon after death due to bacterial and enzymatic activity that is accelerated by higher temperatures. It outlines different types of fish preparation including drawn, dressed, steaks, and fillets. The document also compares characteristics of fresh versus spoiled seafood and provides handling guidelines for different types of seafood to maintain quality like sorting, cleaning, and chilling at low temperatures.
Excretion
The document provides an overview of the excretory system and kidney function. It discusses how different organisms such as insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia, uric acid, or urea. It describes the structure and function of the human kidney and nephrons in filtering waste from the blood and producing urine for excretion. Key topics covered include the excretion of uric acid by birds, the working of the kidney, types of excretion, kidney failure, gout, and kidney stones.
National and international regulations of seafood quality and
This document discusses national and international regulations for seafood quality and safety. It begins by defining seafood and describing its importance as a global commodity. It then outlines various biological, chemical, and physical hazards that can affect seafood quality and safety, such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins, heavy metals, and contaminants. The document also discusses factors that influence bacterial growth in seafood and methods to control quality, including cleaning, time and temperature controls, drying, freezing, and more. It provides examples of specific hazards and concludes by listing environmental chemical contaminant tolerances and limits in fish.
Ready to eat seafood product (sushi).
This document provides information about ready-to-eat sushi. It discusses the history and production process of sushi, as well as some of the potential health risks associated with eating sushi containing raw fish, such as salmonella and listeriosis. The production of industrial sushi involves processes like rice cooking, rolling maki sushi rolls, and packaging. Control measures to prevent pathogens include controlling moisture, pH levels, and proper freezing and storage temperatures. Analytical testing methods to detect pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes in sushi samples are also described.
Dissection of internal organs of fish
Diagnosis of Internal organs of fish. Anatomy of fish. Step by step procedure to handle and dissect the internal organs and sample collection for disease diagnosis.
Osmosis Part A
This document provides the materials, equipment, and procedures for an experiment on osmosis using eggs. It lists the materials needed, which include a plastic glass, raw egg, digital scale, plastic spoon, water, salt, and vinegar. The procedure has 7 steps where an egg is placed in vinegar to dissolve its shell, then a saturated salt solution, and finally water, with observations and mass measurements recorded after each step over varying time periods.
How dirty is your library brochure
Samples were collected from various surfaces in the Library West using sterile swabs and tested for bacteria. A total of 37 samples were collected from books, chairs, tables, keyboards, and the Starbucks counter. The samples were streaked onto isolation plates to grow colonies, which were then re-streaked for isolation and identified using PCR and sequencing. Several common skin bacteria were identified such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Micrococcus luteus. Other environmental bacteria isolated included Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, and Curtobacterium luteum. While most bacteria found are typically harmless, washing hands was still recommended due to an increased risk of
Exploration of the Cost-Effectiveness of Using Oysters for Nitrogen Removal F...
Here we discuss the first iteration of a model that examines the case for using oysters as a tool to add incremental capacity for removing nitrogen from waste water. It was presented at the 7th Annual Massachusetts Water Resources Conference. The Massachusetts Oyster Project is a non-profit active in oyster restoration. www.massoyster.org
Development of calcium rich candy from fish bone powder
Candy, known also as sweets and confectionery, has a long history as a familiar food treat that is available in many varieties. It is influenced by the size of sugar crystals, aeration, sugar concentrations, color and flavors. People usually prefer food items that fulfill their taste buds rather than healthy ones. So in order to make them healthy and free from diseases we have incorporated calcium rich fish bones, specifically Mackerel fish, to develop sweet and attractive candies.
Kids corner
This document contains information from a dental clinic for children, including activities, experiments about fluoride and oral care tips. The activities section describes two experiments for children to do at home with parental supervision: one where an egg treated with fluoride rinse resists acid damage compared to an untreated egg, and another where vinegar soaks and softens a chicken bone to simulate acid attacks on teeth. Oral care tips encourage brushing teeth after meals, eating healthy foods and visiting the dentist twice a year. The document also lists games, puzzles and coloring pages for children.
Excretion Ppt
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and salts. Nitrogen wastes like ammonia are toxic and must be removed; different organisms excrete nitrogen in the forms of ammonia, urea, or uric acid depending on their environment. In humans, the kidneys filter wastes like urea and salts from the blood and excrete them in urine through the urinary system.
Excretionppt 090508150123-phpapp02 (1)
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and salts. Nitrogen wastes like ammonia are toxic and must be removed differently depending on whether an organism lives on land or in water. Humans and most land animals excrete nitrogen as urea through the kidneys into urine. The kidneys filter wastes from the blood through nephrons and return clean blood to the body while collecting urine to pass from the body.
Bone maceration
bone, bone maceration, defleshing, bone tagging, bone labeling, bone articulation, soft tissue removal, degreasing of bones, bone bleaching, labeling, bone articulation, Storage of bones, Cold Water Maceration Method, Hot Water Maceration Method, Bug Box Maceration Method, Enzyme Maceration Method, Chemical Maceration Method,
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National and international regulations of seafood quality and
National and international regulations of seafood quality and
Exploration of the Cost-Effectiveness of Using Oysters for Nitrogen Removal F...
Exploration of the Cost-Effectiveness of Using Oysters for Nitrogen Removal F...
Development of calcium rich candy from fish bone powder
Development of calcium rich candy from fish bone powder
More from lpoppick
Isotopes
Isotopes are variations of chemical elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. We identify isotopes based on their mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. Carbon has three main isotopes: 12C with 6 protons and 6 neutrons; 13C with 6 protons and 7 neutrons; and 14C with 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Isotopes are identified by measuring their distinct atomic masses using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
Isotopes
Isotopes are variations of chemical elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. We identify isotopes based on their mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. Carbon has three main isotopes: 12C with 6 protons and 6 neutrons; 13C with 6 protons and 7 neutrons; and 14C with 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Isotopes are identified by their distinct masses, which are measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
4 field methods
Researchers collected ancient fish bone samples from middens at multiple archaeological sites in Penobscot Bay, Maine. Middens are ancient garbage heaps containing remains like mussel shells and fish bones representative of the local diet. Within middens, distinct layers or strata form over time, often representing cultural changes, and changes in diet can be tracked by analyzing differences between strata. Researchers searched specific layers for bones of nearshore fish like flounder and sculpin and offshore fish like cod. They also found ancient fish hooks confirming fish was a major part of the local diet. Researchers collect modern fish bones to compare isotopic signatures and track dietary changes over time.
4 field methods
Researchers collected ancient fish bone samples from middens at multiple archaeological sites in Penobscot Bay, Maine. Middens are ancient garbage heaps containing remains like mussel shells and fish bones representative of the local diet. Within middens, distinct layers or strata form over time, often representing cultural changes, and changes in diet can be tracked by analyzing differences between strata. Researchers searched specific layers for bones of nearshore fish like flounder and sculpin and offshore fish like cod. They also found ancient fish hooks confirming fish was a major part of the local diet. Researchers collect modern fish bones to compare isotopic signatures to ancient samples and track dietary changes over time.
2 ecological history
1. The Gulf of Maine has low biodiversity due to its relatively young age, limited time for species accumulation, and habitat loss from glaciation.
2. Its low biodiversity makes it more vulnerable to environmental changes, as it lacks alternative species that could fill roles if others are impacted.
3. Ecosystems with greater biodiversity are more stable when faced with unexpected changes, similar to having a variety of sock colors to choose from.
1 geologic history_2
The Gulf of Maine began forming 190 million years ago when the supercontinent Pangea broke up. During the last ice age approximately 18,000 years ago, large glaciers advanced into the Gulf of Maine, depositing many rocks and shaping the underwater landscape. When the glaciers retreated 13,000 years ago, they revealed the seafloor and banks that define the Gulf of Maine's current form and drive ocean currents.
2 ecological history
The Gulf of Maine has relatively low biodiversity for several reasons:
1. It is geologically young, so it has had limited time to develop diverse ecosystems.
2. Its location results in temperature extremes that few species can tolerate.
3. Glaciation during the last ice age compressed habitats and caused local extinctions.
2 ecological history
The Gulf of Maine has relatively low biodiversity for several reasons:
1. It is geologically young, so it has had limited time to develop diverse ecosystems.
2. Its location results in temperature extremes that few species can tolerate.
3. Glaciation during the last ice age compressed habitats and caused local extinctions.
2 ecological history
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
3 eelgrass
Eelgrass provides five key benefits to the Gulf of Maine ecosystem: 1) shelter for small animals from predators, 2) a food source for animals like snails, 3) habitat for various animals including winter flounder, rock crabs, and sea stars, 4) nutrients released when blades decay that help other plants and animals grow, and 5) shore stability through slowing water currents and preventing erosion.
2 ecological history
1. The Gulf of Maine has low biodiversity because it is relatively young geologically, limiting time for species accumulation.
2. Few species can withstand its temperature extremes from warm and cold currents.
3. North American glaciers during the last ice age compressed habitats and caused local extinctions, further reducing biodiversity.
4 field methods
The document summarizes methods used to collect ancient and modern fish bones from archaeological sites and middens in Penobscot Bay, Maine. Samples of fish bones were collected from three sites to analyze changes in the local diet over time. Specific fish species targeted included nearshore flounder and offshore cod and sculpin. Carved fish hooks found in the middens provided evidence that fish was an important part of the diet. Modern samples of the same fish species were also collected for comparison.
2 ecological history
1. The Gulf of Maine is relatively young geologically so it has had limited time to develop biodiversity.
2. Few species can withstand the temperature extremes in the Gulf of Maine between warm southern currents and cold northern currents.
3. North American glaciers advanced into the Gulf of Maine during the last ice age, compressing habitats and causing local extinctions.
Isotopes
Isotopes are variations of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes are identified based on their mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. Examples of carbon isotopes are 12C, 13C, and 14C, which have 6 protons but 6, 7, and 8 neutrons respectively.
1 geologic history
The Gulf of Maine began forming approximately 190 million years ago as the supercontinent Pangea broke up. Around 18,000 years ago, the Laurentide Ice Sheet advanced into the Gulf of Maine, bulldozing rocks and reshaping the seafloor. When it retreated 13,000 years ago, it left behind underwater mountains that define the Gulf of Maine's environment today.
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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一模一样【微信：A575476】【新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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5 lab methods
- 1. LAB METHODS Preparing fish bones for Isotope Analysis
- 2. 1cm Preparing fish bones Isotope analyses are sensitive - even a single stray speck of dust on a sample can jeopardize the accuracy of our results. To ensure that our samples are as pristine as possible for analysis, we follow a meticulous cleaning procedure: Click ahead to see what happens at each step in the cleaning procedure. 2. 1. 3. 4.
- 3. Preparing fish bones 1cm This is an example of an archeological bone sample before it is has been prepared for analysis.
- 4. Preparing fish bones 1. Clean off bone surface using a dremel tool. 1cm
- 5. Preparing fish bones 1. Clean off bone surface using a dremel tool. 1cm
- 6. Preparing fish bones 1. Clean off bone surface using a dremel tool. 2. Dissolve bone in acid to extract collagen. 1cm
- 7. Preparing fish bones 1. Clean off bone surface using a dremel tool. 2. Dissolve bone in acid to extract collagen. 1cm
- 8. Preparing fish bones 1. Clean off bone surface using a dremel tool. 2. Dissolve bone in acid to extract collagen. 3. Freeze-dry collagen to remove all moisture. 1cm
- 9. Preparing fish bones 1. Clean off bone surface using a dremel tool. 2. Dissolve bone in acid to extract collagen. 3. Freeze-dry collagen to remove all moisture. READY FOR ANALYSIS! 1cm
- 10. Preparing fish bones READY FOR ANALYSIS! Image of mass spec.