lipids

2. Definition Significance Synthesis
Utilization Ketosis

3. DEFINITION
“Ketone bodies are water-
soluble metabolic products
that are produced in excess
during excessive breakdown
of fatty acids in liver.”

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6. Acetone
Acetoacetate
β-hydroxybutyrate
(BHB)

7. decarboxylation

8. Alternate sources of
energy other than glucose
Production of ketone bodies under
conditions of cellular energy deprivation
Utilization of ketone
bodies by the brain

9. Ketone
bodies are
synthesized
only in liver

12. Level
1
Lipolysis
INSULIN
GLUCAGON
Level
2
Entry of fatty
acid to
mitochondria
CAT-I
Level
3
Oxidation of
acetyl CoA
OXALOACETATE

13. Ketone bodies are not oxidized in the liver.
Utilized in extrahepatic tissues such as brain, heart, skeletal
muscle and kidney

14. β-Hydroxybutyrate
CoA transferase
Thiolase
KETOLYSIS

19. Ketosis is a disorder of
excessive production of
ketone bodies

20. • Carbohydrate deprivation
Prolonged starvation
• Impaired uptake of glucose by the peripheral
tissues
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

21. Ketonemia
Ketonuria
Acetone
breath
Metabolic
acidosis
Hyperkalemia

22. • In plasma
β hydroxybutyrate
• In urine
• Rothera’s test
Acetoacetate

23. Provision of glucose to the tissues
Starvation – carbohydrate ingestion
Diabetes mellitus – glucose and insulin
Correction of acid-base and electrolyte imbalance
Bicarbonate administration
Reverses hyperkalemia