In these slides, you will be able to know the link between the brain and its behaviour on the humans

1. BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
PSYCHOLOGY

2. Brains, Bodies, and Behaviour
• Every behaviour begins with biology. Our behaviours, as
well as our thoughts and feelings, are produced by the
actions of our brains, nerves, muscles, and glands.

3. Important Key Terms
Nervous system
• Body is controlled by an information highway known as the
nervous system, acollection of hundreds of billions of specialized
and interconnected cells through which messages are sent
between the brain and the rest of the body.
• Central nervous system (CNS)The nervous system consists of
the central nervous system (CNS), made up of the brain and the
spinal cord

4. Important Key Terms
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• The neurons that link the CNS to our skin, muscles, and glands.
Endocrine system
• Our behaviour is also influenced in large part by the endocrine
system, the chemical regulator of the body that consists of glands
that secrete hormones.

5. Autonomic NS
Somatic NS
Spinal Cord
Brain
Peripheral NS
Central NS
Nervous System
Parasympathetic Division
Sympathetic Division

6. Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain
• brain, the mass of nerve tissue in the anterior end of an organism. The brain
integrates sensory information and directs motor responses; in higher
vertebrates it is also the centre of learning.
Spinal Cord
• Spinal cord is what connects the brain to the outside world. Because of it, the
brain can act. The spinal cord is like a relay station, but a very smart one. It
not only routes messages to and from the brain, but it also has its own
system of automatic processes, called reflexes.

7. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Somatic Nervous System
• The nerves in this system deliver information from your senses to your brain.
They also carry commands from your brain to your muscles so you can move
around.
Autonomic Nervous System
• It is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary
physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration,
digestion, and sexual arousal.

8. The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System
Your sympathetic nervous system is a network of
nerves that helps your body activate its “fight-or-
flight” response.
The parasympathetic nervous system predominates
in quiet “rest and digest” conditions
Accelerates heartbeat Slows heartbeat
Inhibits digestive activity Stimulates digestive activity
Stimulates glucose release
Stimulates secretion of epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Dilates pupil Contracts pupil

9. The Neuron Is the Building Block of the Nervous System

10. Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter Description and Function
Acetylcholine (ACh) A common neurotransmitter used in the spinal cord and motor neurons to
stimulate muscle contractions. It’s also used in the brain to regulate memory,
sleeping, and dreaming.
Dopamine Involved in movement, motivation, and emotion, Dopamine produces feelings of
pleasure when released by the brain’s reward system, and it’s also involved in
learning.
Endorphins Released in response to behaviours such as vigorous exercise, orgasm, and
eating spicy foods.
GABA
(gamma-aminobutyric
acid)
The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Serotonin Involved in many functions, including mood, appetite, sleep, and aggression.

11. Brains Control Our Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviour
• The brain is three-pound organ that controls all functions of the body,
interprets information from the outside world, and embodies the essence of
the mind and soul. Intelligence, creativity, emotion, and memory are a few of
the many things governed by the brain. Protected within the skull, the brain is
composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
• The brain receives information through our five senses: sight, smell, touch,
taste, and hearing - often many at one time. It assembles the messages in a
way that has meaning for us, and can store that information in our memory.
The brain controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms
and legs, and the function of many organs within our body.

14. Endocrine System
• The nervous system is designed to protect us from
danger through its interpretation of and reactions to
stimuli. But a primary function of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems is to interact with the
endocrine system to elicit chemicals that provide another
system for influencing our feelings and behaviours.

15. GLAND AND HORMONE
• A Gland in the endocrine system is made up of groups of cells
that function to secrete hormones.
• A Hormone is a chemical that moves throughout the body to help
regulate emotions and behaviours.

16. • The endocrine system works together with the nervous
system to influence many aspects of human behaviour,
including growth, reproduction, and metabolism. And the
endocrine system plays a vital role in emotions. Because
the glands in men and women differ, hormones also help
explain some of the observed behavioural differences
between men and women.