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頑童必修課:地圖的社會設計學#4
迷路與導航心理學! Matchmarch│20150613
圖片來源 http://goo.gl/yDgyG2
互動設計 視覺介面設計 社會創新行動課程
體驗設計 人誌學與人因工程研究
5/23(六) 15:00-18:00 揭開地圖的身世之謎
5/30(六) 15:00-18:00 地圖的想像力練習
6/06(六) 09:00-12:00 探索信義學:虎山步道導覽
6/13(六) 15:00-18:00 迷路與導航心理學
6/27(六) 13:00-20:00 做一本自己的旅行地圖誌
7/04(六) 13:00-18:00 路上觀察學─繪製街區主題地圖
7/11(六) 09:00-12:00 探索信義學:象山步道導覽
7/18(六) 15:00-18:00 地圖的數位革命
地圖的社會設計學
吳亞軒│Amber
來自新北市三芝區
心理學研究所畢
UX設計師、研究員
台北市儲備社區規劃師
我叫○○…
我從○○來…
我來這邊是因為○○…
1
2
3
如果螞蟻逛百貨公司…
遇見人類心理製圖師!
休息
如果螞蟻來逛百貨公司…
#1
暖身
東
北
(1.1) (2.1) (3.1) (4.1)
(1.2) (2.2) (3.2) (4.2)
(1.3) (2.3) (3.3) (4.3)
(1.4) (2.4) (3.4) (4.4)
起點
休息 迷路
A B P M
1. 擲骰子決定走幾步
2. 決定要看地標或問路
3. 遇到同字母可使用本能
吵架
(1.1) (2.1) (3.1) (4.1)
(1.2) (2.2) (3.2) (4.2)
(1.3) (2.3) (3.3) (4.3)
(1.4) (2.4) (3.4) (4.4)
捷運站(1.4)
國小(1.3)
大學(1.2)
旅館(1.1)
目的地(?.?)
夜市(2.3)
紀念館(2.2)
體育場(2.1)
醫院(3.4)
世貿大樓(3.3)
文創園區(3.2)
加油站(3.1)
象山(4.4)
公園(4.3)
麥當勞(4.2)
運動中心(4.1)
目標 地標 路徑
尋找…
目標
• 生物一個基本的事實:「移動」才能生存。
• 利於生存的「目標物」:食物、溫暖、安全…。
• 最簡單的導航:縮短人和可直接覺察之目標間的距離。
• 三種配備:基本感測器、一種移動的方式、生物性線路。
• 反射:生物對溫度、光線、化學物質、磁力等的感應。
• 人類利用眼睛、本體感受器、前庭系統等感官建構世界。
地標
• 地標之於導航的意義:利用看得見的去找尋看不見的。
• 移動的毬果:尼可拉斯‧丁伯根首次證明動物會使用地標。
• 有趣的問題:昆蟲如何記住地標?如果地標關聯改變了?
• 人類的認知捷思:編碼所有地標和目標之間的關係。
• 人類運用地標的方式與對環境的適應性有關,且影響語言。
• 地標具故事性,反映人類的歸屬需求。
因紐特人
圖片來源 http://goo.gl/8lVx1W
路徑
• 如何試著以標記所經地點,來得知身在何處。
• 人類經常因記不住自己行進的路線而迷路。
• 為協助搜救人員而進行的「迷路人」行為研究。
• 路徑整合能力:記錄行蹤,及從記錄估計目前位置的能力。
• 形成認知地圖的三大類型知識:地標、路線、測量。
螞蟻
圖片來源 http://goo.gl/yNSf4J
蜜蜂
圖片來源 http://goo.gl/U5MfZB
鴿子
圖片來源 https://goo.gl/oayds5
老鼠
圖片來源 http://goo.gl/mKdRhx
圖片來源 http://goo.gl/u90EgF
遇見人類心理製圖師!
#2
暖身
以下兩個地點,何者的緯度較高?
1. 桃園國際機場
2. 板橋
板橋火車站
桃園國際機場
圖片來源 google map
臺灣緯度最北的機場是哪一個?
1. 桃園國際機場
2. 松山機場
桃園國際機場
臺北松山機場
圖片來源 google map
以下兩個地點,何者的緯度較高?
1. 紐約
2. 羅馬
紐約 羅馬
圖片來源 google map
以下兩個地點,何者的位置在更北方?
1. 西雅圖
2. 蒙特婁
蒙特婁
西雅圖
圖片來源 google map
以下兩個地點,何者的位置在更西方?
1. 洛杉磯
2. 雷諾
洛杉磯
雷諾
圖片來源 google map
下列哪座北美的城市,與南美洲的西海岸
在同一條線上?
1. 溫哥華
2. 芝加哥
芝加哥
溫哥華
圖片來源 google map
下列何者面積較大?
1. 美國
2. 非洲
圖片來源 http://goo.gl/e91hO2
下列何者面積較大?
1. 美國+中國+歐洲+印度+阿根廷
2. 非洲
圖片來源 http://goo.gl/TB6SyP
1. 直角/歐幾里德偏好
2. 對稱捷思法
3. 旋轉捷思法
4. 排成一線/對齊捷思法
5. 相對位置捷思法
認知捷思
6. 分段偏誤
7. 熟悉偏誤
8. 轉彎偏誤
9. 地標數偏誤
10. 區塊化
男生的方向感,真的比女生好嗎?
三個小練習
1. 如何運用更多感官線索,讓城市更友善?
a. 仿生設計!我們能夠如何運用動物的導航線索?
b. 不只是視覺,聲音可以有地景嗎?
2. 我們的城市是否正在失去故事脈絡?
a. 回想我們的語言中,哪些與空間、地景有關?
b. 畫出你的城市地圖並和對方分享。
c. 如果要重新命名一條街、捷運沿線名稱…。
3. 不同角色如何運用心理捷思來繪製地圖?
a. 當建商要賣房子…
b. 當政治人物想要打贏選戰…
c. 當城市規劃者想要讓大家多騎腳踏車…
Thank You

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地圖的社會設計學#4:迷路與導航心理學_20150613

Editor's Notes

  1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_ant
  2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_honey_bee
  3. https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=406444656&insideModal=1
  4. http://www.hdwallpaperscool.com/mouse-desktop-wallpaper/