OVERVIEW OF 3D PRINTING • GENERAL PRINCIPLES • METHODS OF 3D PRINTING • 3D PRINTING MATERIALS • APPLICATIONS • FUTURE SCOPE • ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES • CONCLUSION • REFERENCES 3D PRINTING OR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IS A PROCESS OF MAKING THREE DIMENSIONAL SOLID OBJECTS FROM A DIGITAL FILE. • THE CREATION OF A 3D PRINTED OBJECT IS ACHIEVED USING ADDITIVE PROCESSES. IN AN ADDITIVE PROCESS AN OBJECT IS CREATED BY LAYING DOWN SUCCESSIVE LAYERS OF MATERIAL UNTIL THE OBJECT IS CREATED. EACH OF THESE LAYERS CAN BE SEEN AS A THINLY SLICED CROSS-SECTION OF THE OBJECT. • 3D PRINTING IS THE OPPOSITE OF SUBTRACTIVE MANUFACTURING WHICH IS CUTTING OUT / HOLLOWING OUT A PIECE OF METAL OR PLASTIC WITH FOR INSTANCE A MILLING MACHINE. • 3D PRINTING ENABLES YOU TO PRODUCE COMPLEX SHAPES USING LESS MATERIAL THAN TRADITIONAL MANUFACTURING METHODS.

1. 3 D P R I N T I N G

2. • OVERVIEW OF 3D PRINTING
• GENERAL PRINCIPLES
• METHODS OF 3D PRINTING
• 3D PRINTING MATERIALS
• APPLICATIONS
• FUTURE SCOPE
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
CONTENTS

3. • 3D PRINTING OR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IS A PROCESS OF MAKING THREE DIMENSIONAL SOLID OBJECTS FROM A DIGITAL FILE.
• THE CREATION OF A 3D PRINTED OBJECT IS ACHIEVED USING ADDITIVE PROCESSES. IN AN ADDITIVE PROCESS AN OBJECT IS CREATED BY LAYING
DOWN SUCCESSIVE LAYERS OF MATERIAL UNTIL THE OBJECT IS CREATED. EACH OF THESE LAYERS CAN BE SEEN AS A THINLY SLICED CROSS-SECTION
OF THE OBJECT.
• 3D PRINTING IS THE OPPOSITE OF SUBTRACTIVE MANUFACTURING WHICH IS CUTTING OUT / HOLLOWING OUT A PIECE OF METAL OR PLASTIC WITH
FOR INSTANCE A MILLING MACHINE.
• 3D PRINTING ENABLES YOU TO PRODUCE COMPLEX SHAPES USING LESS MATERIAL THAN TRADITIONAL MANUFACTURING METHODS.
TYPES OF MANUFACTURING
• FORMATIVE MANUFACTURING
• ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
• SUBTRACTIVE MANUFACTURING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING COULD REDUCE ENERGY USE BY 50% AND REDUCES MATERIAL COSTS BY UP TO 96%
COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL MANUFACTURING.

4. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1. MODELLING: IT TAKES VIRTUAL BLUEPRINTS FROM MODELING SOFTWARE AND “SLICES” THEM INTO DIGITAL CROSS-SECTIONS FOR THE MACHINE TO
SUCCESSIVELY USE AS A GUIDELINE FOR PRINTING.
2. PRINTING: TO PERFORM A PRINT, THE MACHINE READS THE DESIGN FROM AN .STL FILE AND LAYS DOWN SUCCESSIVE LAYERS OF LIQUID,
POWDER, PAPER OR SHEET MATERIAL TO BUILD THE MODEL FROM A SERIES OF CROSS SECTION.
3. FINISHING
HOW DOES IT WORK?
▪ A PERSON CREATES A 3D IMAGE OF AN ITEM USING A CAD SOFTWARE
PROGRAM.
▪ THE CAD INFORMATION IS SENT TO THE PRINTER.
▪ THE PRINTER FORMS THE ITEM BY DEPOSITING THE MATERIAL IN LAYERS— STARTING
FROM THE BOTTOM LAYER—ONTO A PLATFORM. IN SOME CASES LIGHT OR
LASERS ARE USED TO HARDEN THE MATERIAL.

6. Methods of 3D Printing
1. SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING(SLS)
2. STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
3. FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING (FDM) STEREOLITHOGRAPHY FDM
SELECTIVE LASER
SINTERING IT IS AN
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
TECHNIQUE THAT USES A
HIGH POWER LASER( FOR
E.G. CO2 LASER) TO FUSE
SMALL PARTICLES OF
PLASTIC, METAL, CERAMIC
OR GLASS POWDERS INTO
A MASS THAT HAS A
DESIRED 3D SHAPE.
STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
IT IS AN ADDITIVE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
THAT WORKS BY FOCUSING AN
ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LASER ON TO
A VAT OF PHOTOPOLYMER
RESIN.
FUSED DEPOSITION
MODELING IT BUILD
PARTS LAYER-BY-LAYER
FROM THE BOTTOM UP BY
HEATING AND EXTRUDING
THERMOPLASTIC FILAMENT.
USED FOR MODELLING,
PROTOTYPING AND
PRODUCTION
APPLICATIONS.

7. 3D PRINTING MATERIALS
1. ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE (ABS) 3. PLA POLYLACTIC ACID OR
POLYLACTIDE (PLA, POLY)
4. NYLON
PLASTIC FILAMENT
2. FLEXIBLE PLASTIC (TPE)
Metals
BRASS, BRONZE, PLATINUM, SILVER AND GOLD
STEEL
ALUMINUM

8. APPLICATIONS
1.CONCEPT MODELING :
THIS LETS SMALL DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING FIRMS EXTEND
THEIR REACH BY TESTING OUT
MORE IDEAS .
2.FUNCTIONAL
PROTOTYPING:
IT HELPS IN CREATING
AMAZINGLY REALISTIC
PROTOTYPES WITH THE LOOK
AND FEEL OF A REAL PRODUCT.
EXAMPLE: LAMBORGHINI, WHILE
DEVELOPING ITS NEW FLAGSHIP
MODEL AVENTADOR HAS MADE
EXTENSIVE USE OF 3D PRINTING
TECHNOLOGY TO BUILD A
FUNCTIONAL PROTOTYPE OF THE
CAR.
3.MANUFACTURING TOOLS:
QUICK, LOW-VOLUME TOOLING
AND CUSTOM FIXTURES GIVE
MANUFACTURERS THE FLEXIBILITY
TO EMBRACE MORE
OPPORTUNITIES.
4.END-USER PARTS
5.FOOD
6.FASHION & RETAIL
7.MEDICAL:
BIOPRINTING TISSUES AND ORGANS
MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
ARTIFICIAL ARMS FOR
DISABLED
8. INTERIOR

9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
• ABILITY TO CUSTOMIZE PRODUCTS
• RAPID PRODUCTION OF PROTOTYPES.
• LOW COST OF PRODUCTION.
• NO STORAGE COST
• QUICK AVAILABILITY OF ORGANS.
DISADVANTAGES:
• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ISSUES
• UNCHECKED PRODUCTION OF DANGEROUS ITEMS
• LIMITATIONS OF SIZE
• LIMITATIONS OF RAW MATERIAL
• COST OF PRINTERS
APPLICATIONS OF 3D PRINTING IN ARCHITECTURE
3D PRINTING IS USED TO DESIGN HOUSE LAY OUTS, BUILDING STRUCTURES, TOWN AND
CITY PLANNING. BRIDGES AND DAMS THAT WOULD NEED A SCALED DOWN
FUNCTIONAL VALIDATION CAN BE DONE WITH THE HELP OF 3D PRINTING AS WELL.
BENEFITS:
AS WITH ANY TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION, COST AND CONVENIENCE IS A KEY FACTOR
AND THAT’S WHERE 3D PRINTING SCORES ABOVE EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES. 3D
PRINTING CAN BE USED TO PRODUCE A WIDE RANGE OF ARCHITECTURAL MODELS
WITH HIGH COMPLEXITY WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN IMPOSSIBLE TO VISUALIZE
OTHERWISE.
1.COST
3D PRINTING ENABLES ARCHITECTS AND
DESIGNERS TO CREATE LOW-COST 3D
ARCHITECTURAL MODELS WITH A HIGH
LEVEL OF PRECISION.
2. TIME
3D PRINTING SAVES TIME IN THE EARLY DESIGN AND CREATION PHASES BY REDUCING
THE LEAD-TIME FOR ARCHITECTURAL MODEL PRODUCTION AND ALLOWING QUICK
TESTS
OF CONCEPTS AND ITERATIONS. SINCE YOU SAVE TIME ON BUILDING THE MODEL BY
HAND, YOU CAN SPEND MORE TIME ON DEVELOPING DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF THE
MODEL.
3. EASE OF USE
THE EASE WITH WHICH SKETCHES CAN BE TRANSFORMED INTO MODELS MAKES 3D
PRINTING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION EXTREMELY SMOOTH.
4. SCALE OF USE
THE BEST PART IS THAT NO PROJECT IS TOO LARGE OR TOO SMALL; FROM
DEVELOPMENTS,
CITYSCAPES, AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS, TO HOMES INTERIORS, AND SWIMMING
POOLS.
5. VERSATILITY