3D printing is an additive manufacturing process that builds 3D objects by laying down successive layers of material. It begins with a 3D digital model that is sliced into thin horizontal layers by software. This sliced file is fed to the 3D printer, which builds the object layer by layer. 3D printing allows for complex shapes to be produced with less material waste than traditional manufacturing methods. It finds applications in prototyping, medicine, art, jewelry, and construction.

1. 3D PRINTING

2. INTRODUCTION
■ 3D printing is an additive, manufacturing process which is used to
manufacture a three dimension at solid object.
■ Creation of a 3D printed object is done by the process of additive
manufacturing process.
■ In this process an object is being manufactured by laying down a
successive layers of a material in the predefined path, at the
predefined location till the whole object is being created. This layer
can be observed once its section in horizontal cross section is taken.
This layer looks like a thin slice of a material.

3. ■ 3D printing is on exactly reversed process to what we do while
removing the material from a metal by using milling machine.
■ 3D printing process can be used for producing a complex shape with
less material consumption as compared with the conventional
manufacturing methods.
■ This 3D printing process starts with 3D model. This 3D model can be
prepared by using 3D modellingsoftware.
■ There are many options are available for the 3D modelling software.
■ There are software available to purchase license software or there is
another option of open source software.Once 3D model is prepared by
using 3D modelling software then the step is to prepare a file for 3D
printer. This is called as slicing.

4. ■ Slicing is nothing but dividing a 3D model into thousands of horizontal
layers which is done by slicing software.
■ Once this slicing file is ready then this file is being fed to the 3D
printer. Here our sliced 3D model helps to create or manufacture a 3D
object which is printed by by layer.

5. WORKING

9. Applications
■ Prototyping and manufacturing – Traditional manufacturing is the
most cost- effective at large volumes. In situations where a
product is not going to be mass produced, 3D printing (aka
‘additive manufacturing’ in manufacturing circles) is ideal as it
allows for the relatively inexpensive production of a product in
much smaller volumes or on a case-by-case basis.
■ Medicines – 3D printing applications in medicine are also used for
producing metal orthopedic implants. Due to 3D printing’s
capabilities for creating porous surfaces, these types of implants
more easily integrate with the patient’s own natural bones,
allowing them to grow into the implant.

10. ■ Art & jewelry – 3D printers allow jewelry makers to experiment
with designs not possible with traditional jewelry making
methods. 3D printing also allows the production of individual,
unique pieces of jewelry or customized pieces at a much lower
cost, using 3D printing materials such as PLA (polylactic acid
filament), gold or platinum.
■ Construction – 3D printing applications that are used in
construction include extrusion (concrete/cement, wax, foam,
and polymers), powder bonding. (polymer bond, reactive bond,
sintering) and additive welding. 3D printing in construction has a
wide array of applications in the private, commercial, industrial
and public sectors. Advantages of these technologies include
allowing more complexity and accuracy, faster construction,
lower labor costs, greater functional integration, and less waste.

11. Advantages
■ Using 3D printing, the prototype can be produced in short period
of time.
■ The 3D printing reduces the cost of making prototype.
■ With 3D printing techniques, complex parts can be manufactured
without significant increase in cost and time.
■ The 3D printing reduces the material waste. Hence, the material
cost is lower.
■ In 3D printing, the quality of product is better and consistent.

12. Limitations
■ The parts produced by 3D printing process are poor in strength.
■ High precision 3D printing machines are still expensive and are
not economically viable.
■ Low cost 3D printing machines can not build parts with high
accuracy.
■ The parts manufactured by rapid prototyping are normally
inferior to parts manufactured by CNC machines.

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