The document contains a series of questions related to climatology, focusing on topics such as equatorial climographs, El Niño effects on ocean upwelling, and Milankovitch cycles. It discusses the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and global temperatures, as well as the concept of hypothesis testing, including type 1 and type 2 errors. Additionally, it touches on experimental design, including control groups and dependent variables in scientific studies.

1. 32. Which of these climographs shows an equatorial location? 33. Upwelling of deep ocean
water off Peru occurs during an El Nino year. 34. Which is not part of Milankovitch Cycles? 35.
A large fraction of climate scientists oppose the theory that Earth's atmosphere is warming and
that humans are playing a significant role in that warming. 36. It has been well understood for
more than a century that carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere influence global air
temperatures. 37. A Type 1 error is to a hypothesis that is correct, and a Type 2 error is to an
error that is wrong. 38. Which of these variables would be the dependent variable in a study
designed to determine the effects of light on the growth rate for a particular type of plant species
grown in lab? 39. What is a simulation that uses mathematical equations to represent the
phenomena under study? 40. In a study on a new drug, Group A is given the drug and Group B is
given the placebo. In this study, which is the control group?