1. 1
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺽ‬315
Groundwater Hydraulics
EHG 315
‫ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺭﻕ‬ /‫ﺩ‬ : ‫ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬

2. 2
‫ﻤﻘﺭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺴﺎﺒﻴﺎ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺤل‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻘﺭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬‫ﺠﻡ‬ ‫)ﺽ‬312(
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺒﻼﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻜﺔ‬
.‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺽ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬313‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬ (
‫ﻭﺼﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻤل‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬.
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻁ‬
.‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻵ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺎ‬.‫ﺒﺎﺭ‬

3. 3
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﺭﻴﻑ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬
1-‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀ‬Specific Yield and Specific Retention
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬Sy‫ﻭﺤـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻤﻴﻪ‬.‫ﺸﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜـﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺴﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤل‬…
Sy =(Va / VT) *100
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬Sy،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻁﺎﺀ‬Va،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻀﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬VT‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠـﻡ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ‬Sr‫ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻀـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤـﺘﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل‬
..‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺴﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺒﻴﺔ‬
Sr = (Vr / VT)*100
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬Vr‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬
2-‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ل‬Storage Coefficient
،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫)ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺒﺭ‬:‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎ‬
Vw = dh *A* S
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬Vw،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬dh‫ﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘـﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ‬A،S.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
)‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺭﻴﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬Va‫(،ﺃﻱ‬
S = (Vw/Va)*100
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬0.005‫ﻭ‬0.00005.
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬0.3‫ﻭ‬0.01‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫.ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬

4. 4
3-:(‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
4-‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬Transmissivity)T(
‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬:‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻤل‬
:‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﺎﻍ‬
T = Q/wi
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬w،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬i‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬.‫ﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻙ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺼل‬b‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬K‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ،
T =Kb
) ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬l2
/ t‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ (m2
/day
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬Static water level‫ﺴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ :
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺤﺏ‬ ‫)ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬‫ﺴـﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴـﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺒﺭ‬ ،(‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺀ‬
.‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
1-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬Dynamic water level‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ :
.‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎﻤﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬
2-‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬Drawdown‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺀ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
3-‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬Rate of discharge‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻀﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ :
‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬)‫ﻭﻭﺤﺩ‬‫ﺘﻪ‬‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬.(
4-‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬Radius of influence‫ﻭﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ :‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬

5. 5
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬Groundwater Flow Laws
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬Darcy's Law
‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ‬1856‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤـل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬‫ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺎ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻜﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﺘﺏ‬
v=Ki
: ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
v = Darcy velosity , Specific discharge , Filter velocity (L/T),
K= Hydraulic conductivity (Coefficient of permeability) (L/T),
i = Hydraulic gradient
: ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬v = k ( ∆h/∆L )
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬v = k (h2-h1/L2-L2)
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬v = k (∂h/∂L)
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬v = k (∂h/∂L)
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﻎ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬
= ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬h:‫ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
h=( p/γ)+z
:‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﺴﺘﺎﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬p= hydrostatic pressure
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ‬γ = specific weight of water
‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬z = elevation

6. 6
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ‬awLs'Validiy of Darcy
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺌﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺭﻴﻨﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬Renyold's number‫ﻭﻴﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺌﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬
: ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬
NR = ( ρ vD/μ)
:‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
= ‫ﺭﻴﻨﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬NR
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬= (‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ρ
= ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬v
= ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬D
= ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻟﺯﻭﺠﺔ‬μ
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺭ‬D‫ﺒـــ‬d10‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬10%.
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺒل‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬NR‫ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬1‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻰ‬10.

7. 7
w
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
sFlow EquationGroundwater
1-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬Unsteady saturated flow
‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴـﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺴـﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻴﻥ‬ .‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨـﺘﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺠـﻡ‬
Element control volume‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ .
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
qy0
qx0qvi
qyi
qxi= - Txw(∂h/∂x )i qx0 = - Txw (∂h/∂x )I
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻴﺙ‬Tx‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬x،(∂h/∂x )0‫ﻭ‬(∂h/∂x )I‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴـل‬
. ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬‫ﻟﻼﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬y.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬‫ﺨﻼل‬‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘ‬) ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬(Continuity equation
)(∂h/∂t(qxi -qx0) + (qyi -qy0) = Sw
: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
Tx (∂h/∂x )i -(∂h/∂x )0 + Ty (∂h/∂y)i - (∂h/∂y) 0 = S (∂h/∂t)
w w

8. 8
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬w‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻨﻘﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬: ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻥ‬
+(∂2
h/∂y2
) = S/T (∂h/∂t))∂x2
/∂2
h(
.‫ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬
(∂h/∂t))(S/T) =2
+(∂2
h/∂y2
) + (∂2
h/∂Z)∂x2
/∂2
h(
‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻼﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬Laplace
Equation
2-‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬0=∂h/∂t‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
0) =2
+(∂2
h/∂y2
) + (∂2
h/∂Z)∂x2
/∂2
h(
3-‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ‬Radial Coordinates
‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬-‫ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻼﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
+ (1/r)( ∂h/∂r) = (S/T)( ∂h/ ∂t))∂r2
/∂2
h(
‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
+ (1/r)( ∂h/∂r) = 0)∂r2
/∂2
h(

9. 9
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ :‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬Steady Radial Flow to Wells
1-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬Confined Aquifers
‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬‫ﻴﺨﺘﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺩﺓ‬‫ﻜﺎﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭﺍﻗﺎ‬‫ﻤﺴـﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬‫ﻴﺼل‬‫ﺤﺠـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺜﺒـﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
.‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬: ‫ﻲ‬
Q = A.ν
: ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
= ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬A
= ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ν
Q = 2Л r m k
:‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻰ‬=r
= ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻙ‬m
:‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬
T = m k
‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬Q = 2 Л r T (∂h/∂r)
:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬∂r/r =(2 Л t/Q) ∂h
:‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬
∫ ∂r/r =2 Л T /Q ∫∂h
r1
r2
h1
h2

10. 10
ln r2/r1 = 2 Л T /Q (h2-h1)
Q = 2 Л T [h2-h1]
ln(r2/r1)
‫ﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬1-2‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺦ‬‫ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬‫ﻫﺒﻭﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬‫ﻓﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬.‫ﻨﻘﻴﺱ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻯ‬‫ﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬S1-S2
‫ﻭ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
)1/2ln(
)21(2
rr
ssT
Q



(1)
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﺜﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬Thiem Law
: ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
)/1ln(
)1(2
rwr
swsT
Q



‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬SW‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬
) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬R‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬ (s1 = 0‫ﻤﺨـﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ . ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬
Q = 2 Л T (sw - 0)
ln (R/rw)

11. 11

12. 12
2-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬Unconfined Aquifers
‫ﺤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺴﺘﺒﺩل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻙ‬m‫ﺒﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬h‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠـﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺀ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
Q = 2 Л r h k (∂h/∂r)
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬∂ r/∂ r = (2 Л k / Q).h∂h
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘ‬‫ﻜﺎﻤل‬∫ ∂r/r =2 Л k / Q ∫.h∂h
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺼل‬
h2
1 ) / ln(r2-r1)-2Л k (h2
Q =
‫ﻨﺴﺘﺒﺩل‬h‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻯ‬s‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬:
)2(s2
2 )-1Л k (s2
Q =
ln(r2/r1)
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬
r1
r2
h1
h2

13. 13
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺤﺩﺙ‬‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠـﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻤﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬: ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬
T = k (m-s)
) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬2: ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ (
T = Q (ln r2/r1)
2 Л [s1-(s2
1/2m)]- [s2-(s2
2 /2m)]

14. 14
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬

15. 15
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒـﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬Specific Capacity‫ﺍﻟ‬ )‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ :(‫/ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬
Qs=Q/sw
1-: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺜﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎ‬Q/sw= 2ПT/ln(R/rw)
2-‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬:Q/sw=ПKsw / ln(R/rw)
‫ﺠﺯﺌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
1-‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬
2-‫ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻗﺹ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻭﻁ‬‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬‫ﺍﻻﻋﻅﻡ‬Qmax
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼ‬‫ﺭﻴﻑ‬‫ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻡ‬QmaxQ
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬sw
‫ﺨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬Qs
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬sw
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺭ‬3000‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻡ‬0.2‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
:‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬Q/sw=T/1.6
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬R=300‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬0.15:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
Q/sw=T/1.2

16. 16
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬‫ﺘﻘﺭ‬FlowRadialeStat-Unsteady
‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬s Method'Theis
‫ﺤﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬t‫ﻭﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻤل‬S‫ﺃﻨـ‬ ‫ﻭﺠـﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻀﺦ‬‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬‫ﻴﺨﺘﺭﻕ‬‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭﺍﻗ‬‫ﻜﺎﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﺒﻘ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﻤﺘﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬‫ﺒﻤ‬ ‫ﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺴـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺤﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨـﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺭﻭﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ل‬“S”‫ﻭﻤﺴـﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺭﺓ‬:‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
Q=(∂h/ ∂t) S.A
‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸـﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻼﺱ‬:‫ﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
+ (1/r)( ∂h/∂r) = (s/t)( ∂h/ ∂t))∂r2
/∂2
h(
‫ﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺤل‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼـﻴل‬ ‫ﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺠﺩ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
(1)dus= Q ∫ e-u
u4∏T
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬s‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬Q‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬T، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤـل‬u
‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬:‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
u = r2
S / 4tT (2)
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬S،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬t،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬r‫ﻭﺒﺌـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬Theis Equations‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬‫ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴـﺔ‬

17. 17
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬u‫ﺍﻷﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬Exponential Integral‫ﺤﻠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬Convergent Series:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬
-0.5772- ln u +u -u2
/2.21 + u3
/3.31 - u4
/4.41 + ....=W(u)
‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬W(u)‫ﻟﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬‫ﻴﻤﻜ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻟﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴـﺔ‬
:‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬
s = Q W(u) (1)
4 ∏T
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﺕ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬‫ﺘﻲ‬‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬:
1-‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬‫ﻤﺤﺒﻭﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬Confined.
2-.‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺘﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬
3-‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒـﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬
.‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬
4-. ‫ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬
5-‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬.‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺩل‬
6-‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
7-‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻫﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻪ‬.
8-‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔـﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻴﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻀﺨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﻗﻴ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻡ‬W(u)‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬u‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺼـﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ﺠـﺩﻭل‬
‫ﻭﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﻴﺘﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺜـﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻲ‬
Theis Type curve.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀـﺎﻫﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬1&2‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻰ‬.‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬

18. 18
‫ﻤﻨﺤ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻨﻰ‬
Theis Type Curve
Wu
1/u

19. 19
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬estsTumpinqP
‫ـﻪ‬‫ﻤﻨـ‬ ‫ـﺭﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐـ‬:‫ـﺩ‬‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴـ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ـﻭﺍﺹ‬‫ﻟﺨـ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴـ‬‫ـﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴـ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠـ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ﻠﻁﺒﻘـ‬
‫ﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬ / ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ / ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ / ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺤﻔﺭﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻴـﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺭﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺨﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬ .‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
ً‫ﻷ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬
: ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬
1-‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬‫ﺍﺭ‬Steady state‫ﺃﺨـﺫ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬∞‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬:
∞ =( h1-h2 / h1)*100
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬h1‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻕ‬h2.‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻕ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬‫ل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻴﺎ‬5%‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬،‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺍ‬
.‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬
2-. ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻭﻨﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬
3-‫ﻟﻠﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬
4-.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬
5-‫ﺍﻹﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ‬‫ﻑ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬:
1-. ‫ﻤﻌﺘﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬
2-.‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬
3-.‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬

20. 20
4-‫ﻗﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
5-‫ﻴﺤﺴـﺏ‬ ‫ﺜـﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬:
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + ... + Qn
n
6-‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻊ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬‫ﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
1-‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬.‫ﻟﻠﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
2-‫ﻤﻀﺨﺔ‬pump.
3-. ‫ﺍﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬Stop watch
4-‫ﺸ‬‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﻁ‬Meter.
5-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬Water level measurement tool.
6-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬Discharge measurement tool.
‫ﺃ‬-:‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
1-:‫ﺍﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟـﻼﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻤلﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀـﺦ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬
. ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬
2-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬Water Meter:
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬ . ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻨـﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻟﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺭ‬
. ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ . ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬
3-‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬‫ﻘﻲ‬Circular orifice weir:
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤـﺔ‬،
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬،‫ﺴﻤﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﻠﻎ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﺩﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬1/16‫ﺒﻭﺼـﺔ‬،
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺜﺒﺕ‬‫ﻘﺭﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬discharge-pipe‫ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻴﻎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬24‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬‫ﻴﺜﻘﺏ‬‫ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻴﻎ‬‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺒﺜﻘﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬1/8‫ﻭ‬11/4‫ﺒﻭﺼـﺔ‬

21. 21
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃﻻﻨﺒﻭﺒ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺒﻭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺜﺒﺕ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻭﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻁـﺎﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺒﻼﺴﺘﻴﻜ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺸﻔﺎﻑ‬‫ﻁﻭﻟﻪ‬4-5‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ .‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺠﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻘﺭﺹ‬‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻴـﻎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺒﻭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺴـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﺭﻴﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺠﺎﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬،
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬‫ﺭﺃﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﺜﺒﺕ‬‫ﺒﺠﻭﺍﺭ‬‫ﺴـﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺒﻭﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ /‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻟﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﻸﻗﻁﺎﺭ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺎﺒﻴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﺴﺏ‬ . ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻘﺭﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬:
Q =8.02AC√h
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
Q.‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ =
A‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ =‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬.
C‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ =‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻘﺭﺹ‬.
h=‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬

22. 22

23. 23
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬‫ﻤﺎﺀ‬: Water level measurement
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬‫ﻀﺦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘـﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ , ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻘﺎﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ .‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺎ‬‫ﻗﻴـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺘﻤﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺍﺨﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺯﺍﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬‫ﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ .:‫ﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
1-‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻭﻨﺩﺭ‬Water level sounder:
‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻙ‬
‫ﻴﺼـﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻓﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺕ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﻊ‬
2-‫ﺠ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻬﺎﺯ‬Airline:
‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬‫ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬
.‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﺒﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺼل‬‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬T‫ﻴﺘﺼل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺱ‬ .‫ﺍﻻﻨﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻴﺴـﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻀﻐﻁ‬،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬‫ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺴﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺃﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬
.‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺤﺴـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
: ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻕ‬
D = L-H
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬:
D. ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫=ﻋﻤﻕ‬
L.‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻕ‬ =
H‫=ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬

24. 24
‫اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎوﻧﺪر‬

25. 25
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬
Pumping Test Data
Well Owner Area
Well No Well Diameter
Total Depth of Wellto Observation WellDistance
Casing Length Casing Type
Initial depth to water level Final depth to water Level
Start time Stop time
Observer Date
Discharge rate
(m3
/ day )
Drawdown
( m)
Water level
Meter below reference point
T ime
(min)
1
2
‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬10
10
12
14
16
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
360
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬

26. 26
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ :‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﻟﻭﻏـﺎﺭﻴﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺸـﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺌﺞ‬
Semi log paper‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﻴﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺭﻕ‬log- lag paper: ‫ﻭﻓﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜل‬-
1.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻕ‬Ordinary-paper:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻭﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬. ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩ‬-.‫ﻤﺘﺸﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻫـ‬-‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
. ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬
2.‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻏﺎﺭﻴﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻕ‬Semi- log paper:‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻀﺦ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬‫ﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩﻫﺎ‬:-
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬‫ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
. ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺏ‬-. ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺝ‬-. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺩ‬-‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴـﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺸﻘ‬. ‫ﻕ‬
3: ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻏﺎﺭﻴﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻪ‬ .Log- log paper
‫ﻭﺘ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬: ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬.‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬

27. 27
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬. ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ‬
‫ﺝ‬-.‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺩ‬-.‫ﻤﺘﺸﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻫـ‬-.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻭ‬-.‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ‬MethodhingcMat
‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬‫ﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺜـﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨـﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺜـل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬PointMatch
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺩ‬u‫ﻭ‬W(u)(‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫)ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬s
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬t‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬‫ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬r.

28. 28
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
A-‫ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬، ‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬A-
-‫ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
B-، = = = ‫ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ = =B-
= = = ‫ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ = ==
C-، = = = = ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ = =C-
= = = = ‫ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ = =

29. 29
‫ﺠﺎﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬Jacob Methods
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻼﻗﺔ‬t vs.s‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﻌ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻼﻗﺔ‬s vs.r‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬t/r2
vs.s
III II I
1-‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ :)) ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﻁﺭﺩﻴ‬((‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗـﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺠـﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬
T&S‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬.
2-: ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬((‫ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫))ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺒﺩ‬
)‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬≤3‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ (T&S‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‬.
3-‫ﺍﻟﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺒﻪ‬ :‫ﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺴﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬.
‫ﺠﺎﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﻁﺕ‬: ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬
1-‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬U‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬)u<0.01(
2-‫ﻁﻭﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬
1-‫ﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬U‫ﺘﻘل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺘﺼـﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ .‫ﺍﻫﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
-0.5772- ln u +u -u2
/2.21 + u3
/3.31 - u4
/4.41 + ....=W(u)
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ln u‫ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬: ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
])s = Q / 4Πt [ - 0.5772 – ln( r2
S / 4πT
‫ﻋﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬decimal logarithms
s=2.3Q log ( 2.25Tt )
4ΠT r2
S

30. 30
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬(t vs s‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻨﺤ‬‫ﺨـﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺼل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬،‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﻤﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬‫ﺼـﻔﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬)s=0(
‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬t=t0
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‬
0= 2.3Q log ( 2.25Tto )
4ΠT r2
S
: ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬
(2.3Q / 4ΠT) ≠ 0
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬1‫ﺼﻔﺭﺍ‬:‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
1= 2.25Tt0 / r2
S
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬S = 2.25Tt0 / r2
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬log ( t /t0) =1‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬s‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬∆s‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻤﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ‬‫ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬‫ﻟﻠﺯﻤﻥ‬‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬: ‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬-
1(T = 2.3Q / 4π∆s
2(r2
/S = 2.25 Tt0
‫ﻭﺘﺴ‬‫ﻤﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺘﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤ‬ (‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺠﺎﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻗـﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬T & S
‫ﺍﻟﺨـﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺴـﻡ‬ ‫ﺜـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺨﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬‫ﻭﻤ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬
‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬t0‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬)∆s(‫ﻟﻭﻏـﺎﺭﺘﻤﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻥ‬1‫ﻭ‬2‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬

31. 31
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺁﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺒﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺘﺴـﺠل‬ ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺩ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬:
Drawdown(s )
r1 r2 r3
Time
(min)
s 31s21s 11t1
s 32s22s 12t2
s 33s23s 13t3
s 3ns2ns1ntn
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬‫ﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺴﻘﺎﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﻀل‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬( tn, s1n, s2n, s3n)
‫ﻴﻤﺭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﻤﺤـﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬R‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻴﻪ‬S,T‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬:
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬

32. 32
T = 2.3Q / 2π(∆s)r (1
S = 2.25Tt / R2
(2
‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬t‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬‫ﺃﻱ‬tn،‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬. ‫ﺇﻴﻀﺎﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬Well-Loss‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬‫ﻔﺭﻕ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻭﻁ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬ ،‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺴﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ‬

33. 33
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬: ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
1-‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬
‫ﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭ‬
2-‫ﺤﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﻴﻤﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬‫ﺃﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬
3-‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﺡ‬‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺜـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬III
‫ﻤﻘﺴـﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ (‫ﺃﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫)ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬t / r2
.(‫ﺭﺃﺴﻲ‬ ‫)ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻭﺼـل‬ ‫ﻟﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻁ‬‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺎﻁﻊ‬
‫ﻫ‬‫ﻲ‬o)( t / r2
‫ﻟﻭﻏـﺎﺭﺘﻤﻴﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺘـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﺱ‬ ،) ‫ﻥ‬∆s.(‫ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬
1(T = 2.3Q / 4π∆s
2(S = 2.25T (t / r2
)0
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬T‫ﻭ‬S.

34. 34
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬Matching Method-Slope
)) ‫ﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬1986((Sen: ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
1-‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ‬
.‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
2-‫ﺴﻠﺴ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻘﻴﻡ‬S,T‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺘﺠـﺎﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ‬S,T‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺩل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬،‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬>5. ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ‬ (%
3-.‫ﻭﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬‫ﺸﻥ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻴل‬‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
(1)∞= - e-u
W(u)
‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ .‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻵﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬U‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻬﺫﺍ‬‫ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
:‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬
1-‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﻴـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺘـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬: ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﺭﺘﻤﻲ‬
∞i= log(si / si-1)/log(ti-1/ti) (2)
:‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬i=1,2,3,4,5,n،‫ﻭ‬n‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬.

35. 35
:‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
∞i= log (s2 /s1) /log (t1 /t2) (3)
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬.‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬
2-‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺴﺏ‬U‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻌﻁﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬∞i‫ﻭﻗﻴﻡ‬u‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
3-‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬U‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬W(u)) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬1: ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ (
e-u
/∞i-W(u)=
4-‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬S,T.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
5-‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
6-‫ﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺨﺫ‬S,T.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻼﺤﻅ‬S,T‫ﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺨ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻁ‬‫ﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬‫ﻴ‬.‫ﺃﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻗل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﻟﻴﺔ)ﻡ‬2
(‫/ﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
W(u)
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬u) ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻞ‬∞i(‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬
) s(‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬t
(‫)ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
S1T1W(u)1u1∞1s1t1
S2T2W(u)2u2∞2s2t2
S3T3W(u)3u3∞3s3t3
SnTnW(u)nun∞nsntn
) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬∞I‫ﻭﻗﻴﻡ‬ (u

36. 36
‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻄﺎر‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻵﺑﺎر‬sDiameter Well-Large
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬Q‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬:‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬Qw‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌـﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬‫ﻭ‬
Qa‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬:‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ .
:‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻻﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬Q = Qw
: ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬Q = Qa+ Qw
:‫ﻭﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺨﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬Q = Qa
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺨﺯ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺤﺴـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺘـﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻼﺸﻰ‬‫ﻜﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ‬
QwQa
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬
tt
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬Qw:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
Qw=∏ r2
w (dsw /dt)
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬Qa:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
Qa=2∏ rT (dsw/dr)
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﻀـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬

37. 37
‫ﺒﺎﺒﺎﺩﻭﺒﻭﻟﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬) ‫ﻭﻜﻭﺒﺭ‬6719,reopo(Papadopulos and C
‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻴﺕ‬‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬
: ‫ﻤﺎﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻀﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ‬
1.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻫﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠ‬‫ﻪ‬.
2.‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬.‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬
: ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
1(F(uw ,β)T = Q
4 Л sw
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬F(uw ,B)‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻭﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﺒﺎﺩﻭﺒﻭﻟﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬uw ,‫ﻭ‬B
‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬uw:‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
(2S / 4Ttuw = r2
w‫ﻤﻨﻔﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬B‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
(3Sr2
wβ =
rw . r2
c
= ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬rc‫ﻭ‬‫ﻗﻁﺭﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻑ‬=rw
‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻭﺒﺭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺒﺎﺩﻭﺒﻭﻟﺱ‬F(uw, β)‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬1/uw‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬β
‫ﺍﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻀـﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‬‫ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬‫ﺜـﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬)1‫ﻟﺤﺴـﺎﺏ‬ (T‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟـ‬‫ﺔ‬)2(
‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬S.
rc
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻮن‬

38. 38
‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬: ‫ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
1-‫ﺒﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻴل‬ (‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫)ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁ‬45‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﺜل‬.‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬
2-‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬β‫ﺃﻭ‬S‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﻴﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺜل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬.
3-‫ﺜﺎﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻭﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺍﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻤﻨﺤ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻀﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬‫ﻗـﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺴـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬T
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬S‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺭﻭﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬10‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ،
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬

39. 39
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬Volumetric Method
Sen (1983).
‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺴـﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬(S):‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
Volume of water obtained from aquifer, Vw(t)
S =
Volume of dewatered zone, Va(t)
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺤﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬t]Vw(t)[‫ﻤﻨ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬:
Vw(t) = Q.t - Лr2
w sw (t)
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬t]Va(t)[‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬:
r2
w Q {exp( 4Л T sw (t) / Q) -1}
Va (t) =
4 T - Лr2
w sw (t)
‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺯﻤﻥ‬ t : sw
(t)
: ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻭﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺒﻭﻟﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬‫ﺒﺎﺒـﺎﺩﻭﺒﻭﻟﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻭﺒﺭ،ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬t‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻭﻴﻀـﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

40. 40
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
Discharge Calulation from Early Drawdown Data in Large-
Diameter Wells ( Sen , 1986)
‫ﻟﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬‫ﺍﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘل‬‫ﻟﺘﻌـﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺒﻌـﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻁـﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺯﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻜﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺒﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬‫ﻤﻌـﺩل‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺤﺴـﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀـﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬
:(‫)ﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
dsw(t)
Q = Лr2
w
dt
‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬rw‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬،(t) / dtdsw‫ﻤﻴل‬‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‬–‫ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬.
sw
t