The document presents a new investment framework for the global HIV response. It identifies six basic program activities that are essential for an effective HIV response. Implementing the framework is estimated to avert over 12 million new HIV infections and 7 million deaths between 2011-2020, while gaining nearly 30 million life years. The framework provides a roadmap to accelerate progress in the global HIV response through more strategic allocation of resources based on evidence of effective prevention, treatment, and support programs.
The document discusses a new investment framework for HIV/AIDS that was published in The Lancet in June 2011. The framework projects increasing spending on HIV/AIDS programs until 2015, followed by declining spending from 2015-2020 as programs reach critical coverage levels and transmission rates decline. The framework prioritizes six HIV program areas and identifies "critical enablers" like community mobilization that are needed to effectively implement programs. It provides a new model for planning and advocating for HIV resources that accounts for eventual declines in needed funding as responses become more effective.
The Global Fund Strategy Framework 2012-2016 outlines the organization's vision, mission, guiding principles, goals, targets, and strategic objectives. The overarching goal is to save 10 million lives and prevent 140-180 million new infections by 2016. Key strategic objectives include investing more strategically in high-impact countries and populations, evolving the funding model to be more flexible and predictable, and actively supporting grant implementation success. The framework also aims to promote and protect human rights, sustain gains by increasing funding from current and new sources, and enhance partnerships to deliver results.
The document summarizes HIV prevention efforts in the SADC region. It notes that the region remains heavily affected by HIV/AIDS and outlines various regional commitments to address the epidemic. While some progress has been made, including declines in prevalence in some areas, prevention efforts still lag and programs are not implemented at sufficient scale. The document calls for strengthening prevention through priorities like social science research, leadership, evidence-based responses, and partnerships across multiple sectors.
The document describes an investment framework to help countries make strategic funding decisions regarding their national HIV/AIDS response. It outlines six essential program activities (e.g. eliminating new HIV infections in children, treatment for those living with HIV) and underlying enablers (e.g. outreach, stigma reduction) that need to be delivered together at scale. The framework is a new tool that emphasizes investing in these core programs known to work, prioritizing high burden populations and locations, and implementing efficiently. Modeling shows this approach could avert over 12 million new infections and 7 million AIDS deaths by 2020 compared to current strategies, in a highly cost-effective and sustainable manner.
AIDSTAR-One District Comprehensive Approach for HIV Prevention and Continuum ...AIDSTAROne
Social stigma and fear impede HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support efforts. This case study examines how a collaboration led by the Avert Project implemented a District Comprehensive Approach (DCA) in two districts of Maharashtra, linking available public, private, and community resources to identify and reach people who are most vulnerable to HIV with comprehensive services.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/care_and_support/resources/case_study_series/district_comprehensive_approach_india
Countdown to 2015 was a conference held in London May 2010 which examined and critiqued many orthodoxies. It provided a chance to survey the fields of sexual and reproductive health and HIV from a very broad perspective, looking at issues from the clinical to the socio-economic.
A Community Assessment Tool to Measure Syringe Access ReadinessCDC NPIN
The document introduces a community assessment tool called A PLACE that can be used to measure a community's readiness for syringe access services (SAS). It consists of six components: Awareness, Policy, Leadership, Alliances, Cultural competency, and Establish/Expand. The tool is intended to help communities leverage their strengths to address SAS needs and reduce HIV/HCV transmission among injection drug users.
The document proposes a new strategic investment framework for HIV/AIDS responses to improve effectiveness and efficiency. The framework categorizes investments into basic program activities, critical enablers, and synergies with other development sectors. Modeling suggests implementing this framework could avert over 12 million new infections and 7 million AIDS deaths between 2011-2020 compared to current approaches, at a cost-effective price of $1060 per life-year gained. The additional investment required would be offset by savings from reduced treatment costs.
The document discusses a new investment framework for HIV/AIDS that was published in The Lancet in June 2011. The framework projects increasing spending on HIV/AIDS programs until 2015, followed by declining spending from 2015-2020 as programs reach critical coverage levels and transmission rates decline. The framework prioritizes six HIV program areas and identifies "critical enablers" like community mobilization that are needed to effectively implement programs. It provides a new model for planning and advocating for HIV resources that accounts for eventual declines in needed funding as responses become more effective.
The Global Fund Strategy Framework 2012-2016 outlines the organization's vision, mission, guiding principles, goals, targets, and strategic objectives. The overarching goal is to save 10 million lives and prevent 140-180 million new infections by 2016. Key strategic objectives include investing more strategically in high-impact countries and populations, evolving the funding model to be more flexible and predictable, and actively supporting grant implementation success. The framework also aims to promote and protect human rights, sustain gains by increasing funding from current and new sources, and enhance partnerships to deliver results.
The document summarizes HIV prevention efforts in the SADC region. It notes that the region remains heavily affected by HIV/AIDS and outlines various regional commitments to address the epidemic. While some progress has been made, including declines in prevalence in some areas, prevention efforts still lag and programs are not implemented at sufficient scale. The document calls for strengthening prevention through priorities like social science research, leadership, evidence-based responses, and partnerships across multiple sectors.
The document describes an investment framework to help countries make strategic funding decisions regarding their national HIV/AIDS response. It outlines six essential program activities (e.g. eliminating new HIV infections in children, treatment for those living with HIV) and underlying enablers (e.g. outreach, stigma reduction) that need to be delivered together at scale. The framework is a new tool that emphasizes investing in these core programs known to work, prioritizing high burden populations and locations, and implementing efficiently. Modeling shows this approach could avert over 12 million new infections and 7 million AIDS deaths by 2020 compared to current strategies, in a highly cost-effective and sustainable manner.
AIDSTAR-One District Comprehensive Approach for HIV Prevention and Continuum ...AIDSTAROne
Social stigma and fear impede HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support efforts. This case study examines how a collaboration led by the Avert Project implemented a District Comprehensive Approach (DCA) in two districts of Maharashtra, linking available public, private, and community resources to identify and reach people who are most vulnerable to HIV with comprehensive services.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/care_and_support/resources/case_study_series/district_comprehensive_approach_india
Countdown to 2015 was a conference held in London May 2010 which examined and critiqued many orthodoxies. It provided a chance to survey the fields of sexual and reproductive health and HIV from a very broad perspective, looking at issues from the clinical to the socio-economic.
A Community Assessment Tool to Measure Syringe Access ReadinessCDC NPIN
The document introduces a community assessment tool called A PLACE that can be used to measure a community's readiness for syringe access services (SAS). It consists of six components: Awareness, Policy, Leadership, Alliances, Cultural competency, and Establish/Expand. The tool is intended to help communities leverage their strengths to address SAS needs and reduce HIV/HCV transmission among injection drug users.
The document proposes a new strategic investment framework for HIV/AIDS responses to improve effectiveness and efficiency. The framework categorizes investments into basic program activities, critical enablers, and synergies with other development sectors. Modeling suggests implementing this framework could avert over 12 million new infections and 7 million AIDS deaths between 2011-2020 compared to current approaches, at a cost-effective price of $1060 per life-year gained. The additional investment required would be offset by savings from reduced treatment costs.
Marketing Managed Care to Rural Indian Populations - A Pangea Advisors and IC...ICTPH
ICTPH is considering offering a health micro-insurance product to address the unmet need for pre-paid healthcare in its communities. While rolling out an insurance product requires a long-term effort starting with a limited offering, case studies show three common models: (1) an NGO acts as the healthcare provider; (2) an NGO serves as the insurer; and (3) an NGO acts as an agent. ICTPH believes the provider model best meets the identified need, but it implies a higher financial burden that must be reconciled with operational costs and willingness to pay.
This document discusses recommendations for tracking the impacts of the Affordable Care Act in California. It outlines considerations for selecting measures and data sources to monitor health insurance coverage, access to care, and affordability. The document recommends priority measures in these areas and reviews current data availability. It provides examples of baseline and trend data for selected measures. Stakeholder feedback supported the framework but emphasized the need for more granular analysis of measures.
AIDSTAR-One Case Study: Avahan-India HIV/AIDS InitiativeAIDSTAROne
Launched in 2003, the Avahan-India HIV prevention program has become a global model for combination HIV prevention programming that meets the complex and varied needs of most-at-risk populations. This case study describes Avahan’s behavioral, biomedical, and structural components and how the program was able to quickly scale up its activities across 82 districts in India. To view this and other combination HIV prevention resources: http://j.mp/ztESbn
1. The greening of poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) aims to better integrate environmental sustainability as a cross-cutting issue through participatory processes. This involves opening the PRSP drafting process to a wide range of societal actors.
2. Analysis of the Benin PRSP greening process found most PRSPs insufficiently acknowledge environmental sustainability. To address this, Benin initiated a participatory greening process in 2006-2007.
3. Interviews with stakeholders involved in Benin's PRSP greening process revealed varying levels of participation and influence. The process provided an opportunity for societal actors to engage with and potentially influence the PRSP, though perceptions of actual influence differed.
1) A study found that earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation significantly reduced HIV transmission between couples.
2) Modeling by the CDC showed that accelerating ART scale-up in Kenya to treat 900,000 people by 2015 could reduce new HIV infections by 31% and lower costs compared to the current approach.
3) For Kenya to achieve these benefits, guidelines and budgets need to be updated to accelerate treatment scale-up, including treating all serodiscordant couples and pregnant/nursing women, starting new and more effective drugs, and initiating ART earlier.
Dr, kamunyo eahf conference universal health care 2012UHF-EAHF2012
This document discusses universal healthcare and moving towards universal coverage in Kenya. It provides an overview of universal healthcare, describing it as a system that provides a basic package of benefits to all members of a society. The document then discusses healthcare financing models, including tax-based systems, social health insurance, and private insurance. It provides an analysis of healthcare financing in Kenya currently and proposals to expand coverage through the National Hospital Insurance Fund to work towards universal coverage. The document concludes by outlining next steps needed to achieve universal healthcare in Kenya, including bridging equity gaps, ensuring a strong public health system, and improving efficiency.
The document discusses the development of the Barents HIV Programme, a multinational collaboration to address the HIV epidemic in the Barents region. It describes how the Logical Framework Approach was extended beyond traditional planning seminars to comprehensively involve stakeholders through multiple rounds of consultations. This identified problems areas and needs, which were organized into problem and objective trees. The Barents HIV Programme was then developed to achieve the objectives of expanding comprehensive HIV/AIDS actions and improving interventions by strengthening infrastructure and alleviating constraints to prevention and care. The experience provides implications for coordinating Expert Group activities within the Northern Dimension Partnership for Health and Social Wellbeing.
Humanitarian Indicator Tool (Dr Vivien Walden, Oxfam)ALNAP
The Humanitarian Indicator Tool is a scoring system developed by Oxfam to improve the quality of humanitarian programmes. It assesses programmes against benchmarks in areas such as timeliness, coverage, technical standards, monitoring and evaluation, feedback mechanisms, partnerships, safety, gender equity, preparedness, and advocacy. An external consultant uses documentation and interviews to score each benchmark and provide an overall assessment of how well a programme meets recognized humanitarian standards. The results are reviewed by the country office and published online to increase accountability and drive quality improvements across Oxfam's humanitarian work.
A publication for government on pandemic flu and faith communities. Prepared as a sister document to Key Communities, Key Resources, a report for government on faith communities and pandemic preparedness
This document discusses biomedical interventions for HIV prevention. It explains that biomedical approaches seek to reduce susceptibility or infectiousness of HIV through mechanisms like male circumcision, antiretroviral treatment, and condom use. While some interventions like male circumcision and antiretroviral treatment have demonstrated effectiveness, research continues into other promising methods. For biomedical prevention to be effective it must be integrated with behavioral and structural strategies as part of a comprehensive approach, and programs must work closely with communities.
This document makes the case for investing $17 million over 4 years to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of syphilis in 12 high-burden countries. Syphilis during pregnancy can cause stillbirths, neonatal deaths, prematurity, low birthweight, and infection in newborns. While screening and treatment with penicillin is inexpensive and effective, an estimated 520,000 pregnancies are still affected by syphilis annually. Investing now will help achieve global health goals by strengthening antenatal care and reducing preventable infant and maternal mortality from syphilis and other diseases.
This document provides guidance for risk communication and community engagement readiness and response for the COVID-19 outbreak. It outlines checklists for countries preparing for or currently dealing with cases of COVID-19. The checklists include goals and action steps related to coordinating risk communication systems, partner coordination, public communication, community engagement, addressing uncertainty and managing misinformation. Effective risk communication and community engagement is an essential part of responding to public health emergencies to help inform the public and encourage behaviors that can stop the spread of disease.
Diseases do not respect boundaries Once diseases spread beyond a localized region, their expansion becomes exponential and difficult to contain. Early detection and containment by effective disease surveillance networks are critical to arresting pandemics in their early stages. Cross-country disease surveillance networks are a mechanism that encompass human resources deployment, rapid communication, and transparent collaboration for early detection and response to emerging diseases and pandemics.
Introduction to Transform Nutrition Research Programme Consortium juliagapowell
The document summarizes the Research Programme Consortium called Transform Nutrition. It focuses on reducing child stunting in several countries through research on scaling up direct nutrition interventions, leveraging indirect interventions, and promoting an enabling policy environment. The consortium includes six partner organizations conducting research across four pillars on governance, inclusion, and fragility with the goal of accelerating reductions in undernutrition.
The document discusses Thailand's development of a universal health coverage benefit package. It outlines the key steps Thailand took:
1) Establishing systematic processes for developing the package, involving stakeholders and using evidence-based criteria and health technology assessments.
2) Starting with a basic package focusing on primary care and high-impact services, then expanding over time as resources increased.
3) Introducing rigorous health technology assessment processes to evaluate new interventions, ensuring only cost-effective options were included.
Transition from Relief to Development: Key issues related to humanitarian and...Dr Lendy Spires
The document discusses key issues regarding humanitarian assistance and transition to development. It identifies 6 main issues: 1) Ensuring all humanitarian needs are covered under cluster approaches. 2) Improving funding mechanisms for consolidated appeals processes. 3) Strengthening frameworks for disaster risk reduction. 4) Establishing standardized transition procedures and leadership. 5) Aligning appropriate transition funding instruments. 6) Leveraging the Peace Building Commission to support coherence.
This document provides detailed methods and assumptions used to estimate the annual cost and impact of implementing HIV programs proposed in a new investment framework. It describes how the number of people in need was estimated, coverage targets were set, costs of specific program activities were calculated, and an epidemic projection model was used to assess impact. The goal is to estimate resources needed to achieve universal access to HIV treatment, care and support by 2015 through this strategic approach.
AxCMS.net 9.2 is an intermediate release aimed exclusively for AxCMS:net Solution Providers. Some of the new features are:
* Groups for Structure Elements
* Pre-Live System
* Image Formatting
* Multiple File upload
and much more.
This document summarizes key findings from recent literature reviews on community mobilization in the context of the UNAIDS Investment Framework. It finds that community mobilization is a crucial enabler for improving HIV program uptake and promoting local advocacy. Specifically, it discusses how community-based organizations are uniquely positioned to address scale-up of HIV services. It also outlines several themes around the importance of community involvement, including that communities best understand their own needs, people living with HIV should play a leading role, and peer groups are particularly effective.
Gósol is a village located in the Berguedà region of the Pyrenees mountains in the province of Lleida, Spain. It has a subalpine climate with cool summers and very cold winters. The village has a population of around 223 people and is situated in the valley of Gósol. Notable features include a museum created after Pablo Picasso visited the village and the nearby mountain Pedraforca. Local festivals are celebrated on August 15th, July 20th, and October 31st. Traditional foods include black peas, peeled corn, veal with mushrooms, and wild boar.
Community-based services for key populations (MSM, IDU, sex workers) focus on interpersonal, community, and structural interventions. At the interpersonal level, services include peer education, outreach, workshops, and condom/needle distribution. Community services center around drop-in clinics providing testing, treatment, and support groups. Structural interventions advocate for rights, provide alternative incomes, and implement policies like needle exchange. However, major gaps remain in accessing adequate, quality services. Social factors like stigma, discrimination, and restrictive policies also limit service provision and uptake for key populations.
Marketing Managed Care to Rural Indian Populations - A Pangea Advisors and IC...ICTPH
ICTPH is considering offering a health micro-insurance product to address the unmet need for pre-paid healthcare in its communities. While rolling out an insurance product requires a long-term effort starting with a limited offering, case studies show three common models: (1) an NGO acts as the healthcare provider; (2) an NGO serves as the insurer; and (3) an NGO acts as an agent. ICTPH believes the provider model best meets the identified need, but it implies a higher financial burden that must be reconciled with operational costs and willingness to pay.
This document discusses recommendations for tracking the impacts of the Affordable Care Act in California. It outlines considerations for selecting measures and data sources to monitor health insurance coverage, access to care, and affordability. The document recommends priority measures in these areas and reviews current data availability. It provides examples of baseline and trend data for selected measures. Stakeholder feedback supported the framework but emphasized the need for more granular analysis of measures.
AIDSTAR-One Case Study: Avahan-India HIV/AIDS InitiativeAIDSTAROne
Launched in 2003, the Avahan-India HIV prevention program has become a global model for combination HIV prevention programming that meets the complex and varied needs of most-at-risk populations. This case study describes Avahan’s behavioral, biomedical, and structural components and how the program was able to quickly scale up its activities across 82 districts in India. To view this and other combination HIV prevention resources: http://j.mp/ztESbn
1. The greening of poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) aims to better integrate environmental sustainability as a cross-cutting issue through participatory processes. This involves opening the PRSP drafting process to a wide range of societal actors.
2. Analysis of the Benin PRSP greening process found most PRSPs insufficiently acknowledge environmental sustainability. To address this, Benin initiated a participatory greening process in 2006-2007.
3. Interviews with stakeholders involved in Benin's PRSP greening process revealed varying levels of participation and influence. The process provided an opportunity for societal actors to engage with and potentially influence the PRSP, though perceptions of actual influence differed.
1) A study found that earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation significantly reduced HIV transmission between couples.
2) Modeling by the CDC showed that accelerating ART scale-up in Kenya to treat 900,000 people by 2015 could reduce new HIV infections by 31% and lower costs compared to the current approach.
3) For Kenya to achieve these benefits, guidelines and budgets need to be updated to accelerate treatment scale-up, including treating all serodiscordant couples and pregnant/nursing women, starting new and more effective drugs, and initiating ART earlier.
Dr, kamunyo eahf conference universal health care 2012UHF-EAHF2012
This document discusses universal healthcare and moving towards universal coverage in Kenya. It provides an overview of universal healthcare, describing it as a system that provides a basic package of benefits to all members of a society. The document then discusses healthcare financing models, including tax-based systems, social health insurance, and private insurance. It provides an analysis of healthcare financing in Kenya currently and proposals to expand coverage through the National Hospital Insurance Fund to work towards universal coverage. The document concludes by outlining next steps needed to achieve universal healthcare in Kenya, including bridging equity gaps, ensuring a strong public health system, and improving efficiency.
The document discusses the development of the Barents HIV Programme, a multinational collaboration to address the HIV epidemic in the Barents region. It describes how the Logical Framework Approach was extended beyond traditional planning seminars to comprehensively involve stakeholders through multiple rounds of consultations. This identified problems areas and needs, which were organized into problem and objective trees. The Barents HIV Programme was then developed to achieve the objectives of expanding comprehensive HIV/AIDS actions and improving interventions by strengthening infrastructure and alleviating constraints to prevention and care. The experience provides implications for coordinating Expert Group activities within the Northern Dimension Partnership for Health and Social Wellbeing.
Humanitarian Indicator Tool (Dr Vivien Walden, Oxfam)ALNAP
The Humanitarian Indicator Tool is a scoring system developed by Oxfam to improve the quality of humanitarian programmes. It assesses programmes against benchmarks in areas such as timeliness, coverage, technical standards, monitoring and evaluation, feedback mechanisms, partnerships, safety, gender equity, preparedness, and advocacy. An external consultant uses documentation and interviews to score each benchmark and provide an overall assessment of how well a programme meets recognized humanitarian standards. The results are reviewed by the country office and published online to increase accountability and drive quality improvements across Oxfam's humanitarian work.
A publication for government on pandemic flu and faith communities. Prepared as a sister document to Key Communities, Key Resources, a report for government on faith communities and pandemic preparedness
This document discusses biomedical interventions for HIV prevention. It explains that biomedical approaches seek to reduce susceptibility or infectiousness of HIV through mechanisms like male circumcision, antiretroviral treatment, and condom use. While some interventions like male circumcision and antiretroviral treatment have demonstrated effectiveness, research continues into other promising methods. For biomedical prevention to be effective it must be integrated with behavioral and structural strategies as part of a comprehensive approach, and programs must work closely with communities.
This document makes the case for investing $17 million over 4 years to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of syphilis in 12 high-burden countries. Syphilis during pregnancy can cause stillbirths, neonatal deaths, prematurity, low birthweight, and infection in newborns. While screening and treatment with penicillin is inexpensive and effective, an estimated 520,000 pregnancies are still affected by syphilis annually. Investing now will help achieve global health goals by strengthening antenatal care and reducing preventable infant and maternal mortality from syphilis and other diseases.
This document provides guidance for risk communication and community engagement readiness and response for the COVID-19 outbreak. It outlines checklists for countries preparing for or currently dealing with cases of COVID-19. The checklists include goals and action steps related to coordinating risk communication systems, partner coordination, public communication, community engagement, addressing uncertainty and managing misinformation. Effective risk communication and community engagement is an essential part of responding to public health emergencies to help inform the public and encourage behaviors that can stop the spread of disease.
Diseases do not respect boundaries Once diseases spread beyond a localized region, their expansion becomes exponential and difficult to contain. Early detection and containment by effective disease surveillance networks are critical to arresting pandemics in their early stages. Cross-country disease surveillance networks are a mechanism that encompass human resources deployment, rapid communication, and transparent collaboration for early detection and response to emerging diseases and pandemics.
Introduction to Transform Nutrition Research Programme Consortium juliagapowell
The document summarizes the Research Programme Consortium called Transform Nutrition. It focuses on reducing child stunting in several countries through research on scaling up direct nutrition interventions, leveraging indirect interventions, and promoting an enabling policy environment. The consortium includes six partner organizations conducting research across four pillars on governance, inclusion, and fragility with the goal of accelerating reductions in undernutrition.
The document discusses Thailand's development of a universal health coverage benefit package. It outlines the key steps Thailand took:
1) Establishing systematic processes for developing the package, involving stakeholders and using evidence-based criteria and health technology assessments.
2) Starting with a basic package focusing on primary care and high-impact services, then expanding over time as resources increased.
3) Introducing rigorous health technology assessment processes to evaluate new interventions, ensuring only cost-effective options were included.
Transition from Relief to Development: Key issues related to humanitarian and...Dr Lendy Spires
The document discusses key issues regarding humanitarian assistance and transition to development. It identifies 6 main issues: 1) Ensuring all humanitarian needs are covered under cluster approaches. 2) Improving funding mechanisms for consolidated appeals processes. 3) Strengthening frameworks for disaster risk reduction. 4) Establishing standardized transition procedures and leadership. 5) Aligning appropriate transition funding instruments. 6) Leveraging the Peace Building Commission to support coherence.
This document provides detailed methods and assumptions used to estimate the annual cost and impact of implementing HIV programs proposed in a new investment framework. It describes how the number of people in need was estimated, coverage targets were set, costs of specific program activities were calculated, and an epidemic projection model was used to assess impact. The goal is to estimate resources needed to achieve universal access to HIV treatment, care and support by 2015 through this strategic approach.
AxCMS.net 9.2 is an intermediate release aimed exclusively for AxCMS:net Solution Providers. Some of the new features are:
* Groups for Structure Elements
* Pre-Live System
* Image Formatting
* Multiple File upload
and much more.
This document summarizes key findings from recent literature reviews on community mobilization in the context of the UNAIDS Investment Framework. It finds that community mobilization is a crucial enabler for improving HIV program uptake and promoting local advocacy. Specifically, it discusses how community-based organizations are uniquely positioned to address scale-up of HIV services. It also outlines several themes around the importance of community involvement, including that communities best understand their own needs, people living with HIV should play a leading role, and peer groups are particularly effective.
Gósol is a village located in the Berguedà region of the Pyrenees mountains in the province of Lleida, Spain. It has a subalpine climate with cool summers and very cold winters. The village has a population of around 223 people and is situated in the valley of Gósol. Notable features include a museum created after Pablo Picasso visited the village and the nearby mountain Pedraforca. Local festivals are celebrated on August 15th, July 20th, and October 31st. Traditional foods include black peas, peeled corn, veal with mushrooms, and wild boar.
Community-based services for key populations (MSM, IDU, sex workers) focus on interpersonal, community, and structural interventions. At the interpersonal level, services include peer education, outreach, workshops, and condom/needle distribution. Community services center around drop-in clinics providing testing, treatment, and support groups. Structural interventions advocate for rights, provide alternative incomes, and implement policies like needle exchange. However, major gaps remain in accessing adequate, quality services. Social factors like stigma, discrimination, and restrictive policies also limit service provision and uptake for key populations.
This document provides a framework for community systems strengthening (CSS). CSS aims to develop the roles of communities and community organizations in improving health outcomes. The framework defines key terms, describes the purpose and intended audience of the CSS framework, and explains why CSS is important for health. It outlines the core components of functional community systems and provides guidance for implementing CSS interventions and monitoring & evaluation.
This document discusses community systems strengthening (CSS), which promotes the development and sustainability of communities and community organizations to contribute to long-term health outcomes. CSS aims to improve access to and utilization of health services through increased community engagement in areas like advocacy, health promotion, and home-based care. For communities to effectively impact health, they must have strong, sustainable systems for activities, services, and funding. The core components of CSS systems include enabling environments, community networks, resources and capacity building, community activities, organizational strengthening, and monitoring and evaluation.
Gósol is a village located in the Berguedà region of the Pyrenees mountains in the province of Lleida, Spain. It has a subalpine climate with cool summers and very cold winters. The village has a population of around 223 people and is situated in the valley of Gósol. Notable features include a museum created after Pablo Picasso visited the village and the nearby Pedraforca mountain, one of Catalonia's most iconic peaks. Local festivals are held on August 15th, July 20th, and October 31st, and the village is known for dishes like black peas, peeled corn, veal with mushrooms, and wild boar.
Recruit Retail Services provides retail store development and fit-out services including design, manufacturing, shopfitting, installation, merchandising, and project management. They have over 30 years of experience working with major retailers on innovative store projects. Their services range from design and production of retail fixtures to full store installations and merchandising support. They are accredited in health and safety and work at height operations.
The document discusses a new investment framework for HIV/AIDS that was published in The Lancet in June 2011. The framework projects increasing spending on HIV/AIDS programs until 2015, followed by declining spending from 2015-2020 as programs reach critical coverage levels and transmission rates decline. The framework prioritizes six HIV program areas and identifies "critical enablers" like community mobilization that are needed to effectively implement programs. It provides a new model for planning and advocating for HIV resources that accounts for eventual declines in needed funding and services as control efforts succeed.
This document proposes a new strategic investment framework for responding to the HIV/AIDS epidemic that aims to be more targeted and efficient than current approaches. The framework categorizes investments into basic programmatic activities, efforts to create an enabling environment, and related health/development programs. It is estimated to avert over 12 million new infections and 7 million AIDS deaths between 2011-2020 compared to current approaches, gaining 29.4 million life years at a cost-effectiveness of $1060 per life year. The additional investment required would be offset by savings in treatment costs alone.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the effect of strategic planning on the implementation of the second HIV Program Development Project (HPDPII) in Abuja, Nigeria by civil society organizations (CSOs).
The study found a positive significant relationship between strategic planning and HPDPII implementation, though the effect size was small. CSOs that had clear, well-defined written vision and mission statements were found to have a better chance of successful project implementation.
The document provides background on HIV/AIDS rates and programs in Nigeria, and discusses the roles of the National Agency for the Control of AIDS and CSOs in the country's HIV/AIDS response. It reviews literature on strategic planning and
AIDS and its vengeance saw a back seat after we achieved the zero level of growth for it. But worries regarding the people living with AIDS are still on and we need to take care of these segments in an integrated manner
This document discusses enhancing collaboration between HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, STD, and TB prevention programs. It provides an agenda for a webcast on this topic, including presentations from CDC and health department directors. The presentations will cover the synergistic nature of these epidemics, barriers to collaboration, and strategies for implementing program collaboration and service integration (PCSI) at national, state, and local levels to provide more comprehensive prevention and care.
Achievements and Implications of HIV Prevention Programme among Injecting Dru...QUESTJOURNAL
Background: The HIV epidemic appears to be generalized with new infections occurring among persons perceived to be practicing low risk sex in Bayelsa State. The epidemic appeared to be concentrated among the sub-populations including injecting drug users (IDUs). Intervention therefore needed to ameliorate this problem hence, this paper presents achievements of HIV prevention programme among IDUs in Bayelsa state including its implications for programming. Methods: This was an intervention project conducted among injecting drug users in five purposive selected local government areas (LGAs) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Centre for Development and Empowerment of Commercial Motorcyclist (CEDECOM) was engaged by Bayelsa State Agency for Control of AIDS and funded under the HIV and AIDS fund (HAF) II project to scale up HIV prevention among injecting drug users. The project was carried out between April, 2016 and January, 2017. The estimated sample size for this intervention was 210 IDUs and minimum prevention package intervention (MPPI) was adopted in the implementation of this project activities. Data were entered on DHIS2 platform and later exported and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Data were presented using descriptive statistics such as percentage, simple proportion and frequency. Results: The overall target population reached during this intervention was 440 given a target reached of 209.5%. All the 36 community dialogues that took place during the course of this project occurred in the first quarter with a total number of 54 male influencers participated in dialogues and sensitization activities during this period. A total number of 440 peers were registered during this period and a total number of 11,346 male condoms and 656 female condoms were distributed. A total of 243 (55.2%) of the registered peers were reached with all the three stages of MPPI and 427 (97.0%) were reached with HCT. Among these, 21 (4.9%) were tested positive to HIV. Conclusion: This intervention was a success as it scaled up HIV prevention services among injecting drug users in the state. To optimize the effectiveness of this type of intervention in reducing HIV infection among this risk group, future programs should be based on principles related to equity and gender balance.
This document summarizes key findings from recent literature reviews on community mobilization in the context of the UNAIDS Investment Framework. It finds that community mobilization is a crucial enabler for improving HIV program uptake and promoting local advocacy. Specifically, it discusses how community-based organizations are uniquely positioned to address scale-up of HIV services. It also outlines several themes around the importance of community involvement, including that communities best understand their own needs, people living with HIV play a special role, and peer groups are a powerful mobilization approach.
Metrics for Monitoring and Evaluating the Enhanced Comprehensive Prevention PlanCDC NPIN
This document outlines Tiffany West's work monitoring disease burden and implementing scalable interventions as part of the DC Department of Health Strategic Information Bureau. It discusses expanding HIV testing, including routine opt-out testing, screening in non-clinical settings, and incorporating prevention into care. Key metrics proposed to evaluate programs include the number of HIV tests conducted and positivity rates by site type and high risk population. The goal is to reduce new HIV infections, increase access to care, and achieve a more coordinated local response to the HIV epidemic through data-driven policies and programs.
1. Integrated Vector Management (IVM) is an evolution from earlier vector control approaches dating back to 1983, spurred by issues like insecticide resistance and the Stockholm Convention restricting DDT use.
2. IVM takes a flexible, multi-pronged approach using various vector control methods alone or combined based on local vector ecology and disease transmission to reduce disease risk cost-effectively and sustainably.
3. In 2004, WHO published a Global Strategic Framework for IVM to address deficiencies in vector control and improve efficacy, cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and compliance with the Stockholm Convention by defining IVM and outlining its key elements.
The document discusses the advocacy achievements of the Bridging the Gaps global partners from 2011-2014. It describes the program's establishment in 2011 with funding from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs to achieve universal access to HIV services for key populations. Through the efforts of global and local partner organizations, nearly 700,000 people received HIV services, over 200 organizations engaged in human rights advocacy, and key population services were integrated into nearly 100 health facilities. The document provides details on the program's approach and a theory of change to guide advocacy work.
The document summarizes India's National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) which aims to contain the spread of HIV in India through a four-pronged strategy of prevention, care and support, treatment, and strengthening infrastructure. The HIV epidemic in India is concentrated among high-risk groups like female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and injecting drug users. The NACP implements targeted interventions for these groups, promotes condom use, treats sexually transmitted infections, and provides counseling, testing, and treatment services. While the response has stabilized the epidemic in some states, emerging hotspots in northern states require increased focus and attention to fully achieve reversal goals.
DIRECTIONAL STRATEGIES REPORTDirectional strategies Report on the .docxmariona83
DIRECTIONAL STRATEGIES REPORTDirectional strategies Report on the CDC
Darlene Olurin
Capella University
Strategic healthcare Planning
May 2020
INTRODUCTION
The center for Disease, Control and Prevention (CDC) are a unique health organization with a unique mission. The CDC provide evidence-based medicine experience and assistance for domestic and global surveillance, laboratory, occupational health and epidemiology functions and health threats, such as the CoVID-19, infectious diseases, influenza etc. The CDC’s office of public health in preparedness and Response (OPHPR) provide strategic directions, support and coordination for activities across CDC as well as local, state, tribal, national, territorial and international public health partners (CDC, 2019).
Over the years, the CDC has developed a working and effective plan to tackle infectious diseases. A good example was the global response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic that affected more than 214 countries and territories. The CDC’s response at the time, was the most rapid and effective response to an influenza pandemic in history. Through an international donation program, the vaccine was made available to 86 countries. The experience of the2009 H1N1 influenza response, continues to inform preparedness efforts for other future pandemic and public health emergencies. However, federal and state budget cuts threaten the kind of success previously seen, as is evident during this current COVID-19 pandemic. The current presidential administration, shortly after being sworn in made some serious changes that affected the CDC’S response to the pandemic by getting rid of the teams put in place to tackle pandemics this greatly slowed the U’S’s response and lead to a wider spread of this virus. Also, innovation and creativity need to be increased to best utilize existing funds.
VISON, MIISSION AND VALUES OF THE CDC
The vision of the CDC is to create a healthier, safer world that is able to detect prevent and respond to public health threats (CDC, 2019).
The mission statement is to protect all Americans and people of the nations worldwide from public health threats by working with partners to build capacity, advance research and respond in times of crisis like during this current COVID-19 pandemic (CDC, 2019).
The CDC provide technical help, assistance and resources to state and local public health agencies to support the efforts in building and preparing resilient communities (CDC,2011).
To achieve the vision of the CDC, it is vital that stakeholders as across, public health, partners, private sectors, emergency department and other related bodies, work hand in hand.
The CDC will demonstrate leadership in public health preparedness and response by adhering to the following values they have in place:
· Engaging partners on and leveraging collaboration (a strength the TOWS matrix)
· Basing decisions on the best available science
· Encouraging effective communications and inform.
AIDSTAR-One HIV Treatment Guidelines in Guyana - The Fast Track to Diagnosis ...AIDSTAROne
This case study details Guyana's process for revision of their national HIV treatment guidelines, based on WHO's 2010 revised recommendations . While many countries are still working to revise their national guidelines in response to WHO's latest guidance, the National AIDS Programme in Guyana has been implementing elements of WHO's 2010 recommendations since 2006.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/treatment/resources/case_study/guyana_treatment_guidelines
UN Cares is a UN system-wide workplace program on HIV that aims to reduce the impact of HIV in the workplace. It does this by supporting universal access to comprehensive HIV services for all UN personnel and their families, including prevention, treatment, care and support. UN Cares unifies overlapping HIV programs across the UN to provide these services more efficiently. Studies show UN Cares could save the UN over $57 million over 6 years in costs associated with HIV by preventing infections and retaining healthy staff. UN Cares also advances goals of gender equity, reduces stigma, and establishes 10 minimum standards to guide consistent HIV services across the UN.
Cancer has wide-reaching social, economic, development, and human rights implications beyond just being a health issue. It undermines development by weakening social and economic progress worldwide. To effectively prevent and control cancer, a whole-of-government approach that promotes multisectoral partnerships is needed, and cancer prevention and control interventions should be included in future global development goals to strengthen health systems and increase capacity. Investment in proven, cost-effective cancer solutions is important because preventing and detecting cancer early is cheaper than dealing with the consequences.
Positive health dignity_and_prevention_operational_guidelines_-_unaids_gnp_2013clac.cab
This document provides operational guidelines for implementing Positive Health, Dignity and Prevention programs. It was developed jointly by the Global Network of People Living with HIV and UNAIDS based on extensive consultations. The guidelines aim to shift HIV responses to a more holistic and rights-based approach that empowers people living with HIV and meets their clinical, social and economic needs. The document outlines 8 components that programs should address, and provides a 3-step process for assessment, operationalization and planning of Positive Health, Dignity and Prevention actions at the national level to achieve global HIV targets.
The document discusses sectoral mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS in Kenya. It provides background on Kenya's population and HIV prevalence rates. It then describes the Thematic Group, which supports developing strategies to address HIV/AIDS and achieve economic growth targets. The group evaluates sector policies and programs, provides capacity building, and facilitates referrals. It adopts approaches like developing medium-term plans and assessment forums. The group has three technical working groups and addresses challenges like prioritizing HIV/AIDS and utilizing allocated funds. Evidence shows reductions in incidence rates and improved quality of life. Lessons indicate an effective multi-sectoral response can reduce prevalence.
Using HIV Surveillance Data to Inform the ECHPP EvaluationCDC NPIN
The document discusses using HIV surveillance data to evaluate the Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Plans (ECHPP) project. The ECHPP is being implemented in 12 cities over 3 years to develop enhanced HIV prevention and care plans. The evaluation plan involves monitoring program processes, community-level outcomes, and long-term community-level impact. HIV surveillance data from systems like Medical Monitoring Project and National HIV Behavioral Surveillance will be analyzed annually and compared over time to measure changes in behaviors, access to care, HIV incidence, and health disparities.
Similar to 3 investment-framework-summary-unaids-issues-brief (20)
Resources available for HIV in low and middle income countries have increased dramatically since 2002, with over $46.5 billion invested globally between 2011-2020. This new investment framework prioritizes basic prevention and treatment programs, key populations, and social enablers in order to work towards objectives of stopping new HIV infections and keeping people alive. Modeling shows this approach could avert over 12 million new infections and 7.4 million deaths by optimizing synergies across interventions.
The Global Fund Strategy 2012-2016 aims to sustain and accelerate progress in fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. It sets goals to save 10 million lives and prevent 140-180 million new infections between 2012-2016.
The strategy outlines five strategic objectives: 1) invest more strategically in high-impact interventions and populations, 2) evolve the funding model to be more flexible, 3) actively support grant implementation success, 4) promote and protect human rights, and 5) sustain gains and mobilize resources.
It also identifies two strategic enablers necessary for success: enhancing partnerships and transforming operations to improve governance, effectiveness and controls. The strategy seeks to position the Global Fund to maximize impact through more
This document discusses opportunities and challenges for scaling up HIV treatment and prevention. It summarizes discussions from community meetings in Asia and Africa. Key points include:
1) New evidence shows antiretroviral treatment can prevent HIV transmission, allowing treatment to be part of combination prevention. However, concerns were raised about potential shifts in resources away from treatment.
2) Reaching universal access goals and treatment as prevention will require overcoming challenges like ensuring sufficient funding.
3) Integrating HIV treatment and prevention services may require changes to current models of service delivery with a focus on testing and treating all eligible.
4) Communities emphasized the importance of human rights, key populations, and community-based service
The document provides information on the Transitional Funding Mechanism (TFM) established by the Global Fund Board to replace Round 11 funding due to inadequate resources. Key points:
1) TFM will provide limited, temporary funding to prevent disruption of essential health services in countries with existing Global Fund grants until new funding is available.
2) Applications are due by March 31, 2012 and will be approved on a rolling basis depending on available resources.
3) Eligibility criteria and processes from prior funding rounds still apply, with some adjustments for TFM. Funding will prioritize continuity of essential prevention, treatment, and care services.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perjuangan untuk mempromosikan hak kesehatan bagi semua melalui keadilan, partisipasi masyarakat, dan gerakan lintas sektor. Dokumen tersebut juga menyoroti tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pasien HIV/AIDS di Indonesia dalam mengakses layanan kesehatan yang berkualitas.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perjuangan untuk mempromosikan hak kesehatan bagi semua melalui keadilan, partisipasi masyarakat, dan gerakan lintas sektor. Dokumen tersebut juga menyoroti tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pasien HIV/AIDS di Indonesia dalam mengakses layanan kesehatan yang berkualitas.
1. Amartya Sen mengkritik teori keadilan John Rawls karena terlalu menekankan institusionalisme dan mengabaikan pluralitas pandangan tentang kebaikan dan keadilan
2. Sen berpandangan bahwa untuk mencapai keadilan yang sebenarnya perlu mempertimbangkan faktor kebebasan, kapabilitas, dan pencapaian individu, bukan hanya institusi
3. Pluralitas pandangan mengenai kebaikan dan keadilan mensyaratkan pendekatan yang melibatkan
The document discusses how trade policies have impacted health and development. It makes three key points:
1. Global trade rules established by the WTO and trade agreements have prioritized commercial interests over public health by requiring intellectual property protections that increase drug costs and limiting the policy tools available to governments.
2. Agriculture agreements have undermined food security in developing countries by flooding their markets with subsidized imports while exports face barriers, lowering prices.
3. Health services are increasingly viewed as profitable sectors by private companies in developed countries seeking new markets through agreements like GATS, but this risks privatizing healthcare and draining health workers from poor countries.
The document discusses challenges and questions around achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care in Indonesia. Major ongoing challenges include legal barriers that discriminate against at-risk groups, lack of coordination across sectors and levels of government, and declining major funding sources. Emerging questions center around what will happen after universal access targets are met in 2010, how low-income countries can finance gaps, and how to prepare Indonesia's strategies and monitoring as it becomes ineligible for donor funding.
3. UNAIDS ISSUES BRIEF
A NEW INVESTMENT
FRAMEWORK FOR THE GLOBAL
HIV RESPONSE
Over the past 30 years there have
been tremendous gains in the global
HIV response, but until now there
has been only limited systematic effort
to match needs with investments. The
result is often a mismatch of the two,
and valuable resources are stretched
inefficiently across many objectives.
To achieve an optimal HIV response,
countries and their international
partners must adopt a more strategic
approach to investments.
4. A new investment
framework for HIV
The investment framework offers
a realistic, achievable road map
to decisively accelerate progress in
the global HIV response
In June 2011 a policy paper was published Aims of the investment
in The Lancet (Schwartländer et al) that laid framework
out a new framework for investment for the
global HIV response. The new framework Maximize the benefits of the HIV
is based on existing evidence of what works response
in HIV prevention, treatment, care and Support more rational resource
support. It is intended to facilitate more allocation based on country
focused and strategic use of scarce resources. epidemiology and context
Encourage countries to prioritize
Modelling of the framework’s impact shows and implement the most effective
that its implementation would avert programmatic activities
12.2 million new infections and 7.4 million Increase efficiency in HIV prevention,
AIDS-related deaths between 2011 and 2020. treatment, care and support
programming
This modelling also indicates that
implementation of the investment Though much has been achieved in the
framework is highly cost-effective, with global HIV response over the last 30 years,
additional investment largely offset by important gaps remain. Currently, strategies
savings in treatment costs alone, and are often implemented in parallel, regardless
enabling the HIV response to reach an of how they might overlap or leave critical
inflection point in both investments and gaps in coverage. Through a simplification
rates of HIV infection. and clarification of the different elements
of HIV efforts, as well as better support for
The framework was developed by an
countries to prioritise HIV programmes
international group of experts from the Joint
and assess the synergies between them, the
United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
framework presents a radical departure from
(UNAIDS), The Global Fund to Fights AIDS,
existing approaches to HIV investment and
Tuberculosis and Malaria, the US President’s
programming.
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, The Bill
& Melinda Gates Foundation, The World
Bank, the World Health Organization and
academic and policy institutions.
2 UNAIDS | A new investment framework for the global HIV response
5. Proposed Investment Framework
FIGURE 1: Proposed Investment Framework
CRITICAL BASIC PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES OBJECTIVES
ENABLERS
Key populations at
Social enablers higher risk
Eliminate new HIV
infections
advocacy among children
drugs)
practices
mobilization Stopping new infections
reduction
media Behaviour change
r programmes Condom promotion
and distribution
environment
Programme enablers
center
delivery Keeping people alive
Pr
communication Voluntary
medical male
incentives circumcision
Procur
distribution pr
Treatment,
Researc care and circumcision)
innovation support for
people living
with HIV
SYNERGIES WITH DEVELOPMENT SECTORS
pr refor equality r Gender violence,
tr practices.
Key components of the Basic programme activities
investment framework Just six basic programme activities are essential to
an adequate HIV response and need to be delivered
Basic programme activities at scale according to the size of the relevant
Critical enablers population. These activities work together for
Synergies with development sectors maximum impact and should therefore be delivered
as a package, where each element reinforces the other.
The investment framework takes as its
starting point a human rights approach to the They are:
HIV response, to ensure that it is universal, 1. Focused programmes for key populations
equitable, inclusive, and fosters participation, at higher risk (particularly sex workers and
informed consent and accountability. their clients, men who have sex with men, and
people who inject drugs);
The framework makes a distinction between 2. Elimination of new HIV infections in children;
basic programme activities that have a direct 3. Programmes that focus on the reduction of risk
effect on HIV risk, transmission, morbidity of HIV exposure through changing people’s
and mortality; the critical enablers that are behaviour and social norms;
crucial to the success of HIV programmes; 4. Procurement, distribution and marketing of
and synergies with development sectors male and female condoms;
(Figure 1). 5. Treatment, care and support for people living
with HIV;
6. Voluntary medical male circumcision in
countries with high HIV prevalence and low
rates of circumcision.
A new investment framework for the global HIV response | UNAIDS 3
6. Implementing the framework will avert
12.2 million new infections and
7.4 million AIDS-related deaths
between 2011 and 2020.
The evidence base for the basic programmes amenable to generic description, vary greatly
is strongest in relation to biomedical inter- according to context and are underpinned by
ventions such as voluntary medical male a weaker evidence base.
circumcision and the biomedical aspects
However, they increase the impact of
of eliminating new HIV infections among
basic programme activities by overcoming
children. Although behaviour change
barriers to the adoption of evidence-based
programmes tend to be more complex and
HIV policies and the factors that adversely
less clearly defined, changes in behaviour
affect HIV programmes by distorting
have been associated with declines in HIV
their priorities, including social stigma,
prevalence. Key populations, by definition,
poor health literacy and a punitive legal
predominate in concentrated epidemics.
environment.
However, they also contribute to generalized
(where HIV prevalence among pregnant Examples of social enablers are outreach for
women consistently exceeds 1%) epidemics HIV testing, stigma reduction, human rights
and in some cases account for a substantial advocacy, and community mobilization.
proportion of the epidemic. Basic activities Programme enablers include strategic
for key populations include focused commu- planning, programme management and
nication, education and condom program- capacity building for community-based
ming tailored to each population’s needs. organizations. Community mobilization is
a key element of the investment framework
Access to antiretroviral therapy is a key
because it leads to improved uptake of
programme activity of the HIV response.
HIV programmes and promotes local-level
Not only does ART reduce morbidity and
advocacy, transparency and accountability.
mortality among people infected with HIV,
Community mobilization has been recognized
it also reduces the incidence of AIDS-
as a cornerstone of HIV programmes.
related tuberculosis, and has public health
benefits in terms of reducing the onward Synergies with development
transmission of HIV. Community-led sectors
delivery approaches to treatment are an
important component of the framework. HIV programmes are not implemented
in isolation. The investment framework
Critical enablers recognizes the need for the HIV response to
be aligned to country development objectives
Underlying the success of basic programme
and to support the strengthening of social,
activities are the enablers which make
legal and health systems.
programme access possible and success more
likely and respond to local context. Critical Social protection, increasing access to
enablers can be divided into two categories: education, legal reform, poverty reduction,
social enablers that create environments reducing gender-based violence, and
conducive to rational HIV responses, and improving health, community and
programme enablers that create demand employment systems are all key areas where
for programmes and improve their there are synergies between HIV-specific
performance. Critical enablers are not always efforts and development.
4 UNAIDS | A new investment framework for the global HIV response
7. TABLE 1: RETURN ON INVESTMENT IN THE PROPOSED FRAMEWORK
2011-2015 2011-2020
Total infections averted 4 200 000 12 200 000 (US$ 2450 each)
Infant and child infections averted 680 000 1 900 000 (US$ 2180 each)
Life years gained 3 700 000 29 400 000 ( US$ 1060 each)
Deaths averted 1 960 000 7 400 000 (US$ 4090 each)
Resources needed to implement
the investment framework
Modelling of the framework’s impact There will also be efficiency gains such as
and cost demonstrates how it can lead cost-saving on treatment commodities and
to universal access to HIV prevention, a shift to community-based treatment and
treatment, care and support, and create testing.
a tipping point in both the rate of
HIV infection and investment in HIV Whereas basic programme costs in 2011
programmes. stand at US$7 billion, in the model they
are US$12.9 billion in 2015, dropping to
Implementation of the investment US$10.9 billion in 2020 (Table 2, Figure 2).
framework is estimated to avert 12.2 million
new HIV infections including 1.9 million The single largest cost is treatment, care and
HIV infections among children, 7.4 million support, accounting for 38% of the increase
AIDS-related deaths between 2011 and 2020, in resources (Figure 2). Other contributors
and result in a gain of 29.4 million life-years to the cost increase include doubling
(Table 1). At US$1060 per life-year gained, the coverage of outreach and needle and
the additional investment required would be syringe programmes and a 10-fold increase
largely offset by savings in future treatment in provision of drug substitution for
costs alone. injecting drug users, as well as increased
coverage of prevention of mother-to-child
Costs are based on what is needed to transmission to reach 90% of all child-
increase present rates of coverage to bearing women living with HIV, so that
achieve universal access to HIV prevention, new HIV infections among children can be
treatment, care and support by 2015 and eliminated by 2015.
to maintain it at that level of access. The
investment framework model requires a Costs for critical enablers would fall from
scaling-up of HIV programme funding US$5.9 billion in 2011 to US$3.4 billion
from US$16.6 billion in 2011 to US$22.0 in 2015 before increasing slightly to
billion in 2015, before declining to US$19.8 US$3.7 billion in 2020 due to a shift from
billion in 2020 (Table 2, Figure 2). comparatively expensive facility-based
voluntary HIV counselling and testing to less
Fewer resources will be needed because expensive and more focused community-
coverage will have reached target rates and based programmes (Table 2, Figure 2). In the
there will be fewer new HIV infections model 316 million people will receive HIV
requiring treatment and other services. testing in 2015.
A new investment framework for the global HIV response | UNAIDS 5
8. TABLE 2: RESOURCES REQUIRED FOR THE INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK OVER TIME
(billions of US$)
2011 2015 2020
Basic programmes (total) 7.0 12.9 10.6
Key populations at higher risk 1.0 3.3 2.5
Elimination of new infections in children 0.9 1.5 1.3
Behaviour change programmes 0.1 0.7 0.7
Condom promotion and distribution 0.4 0.5 0.6
Treatment, care and support for people living with 4.5 6.7 5.5
HIV
Voluntary medical male circumcision 0.1 0.2 0.1
Critical enablers 5.9 3.4 3.7
Synergies with development sectors 3.6 5.8 5.4
TOTAL 16.6 22.0 19.8
Synergies with development sectors require programme elements are effective and
an increase in funding from US$3.6 billion ineffective. This, in turn, empowers the HIV
in 2015 to US$5.8 billion in 2015 and US$5.4 response to be based on fewer things done at
billion in 2020 (Table 2, Figure 2). These a deeper level, and it offers clear incentives
estimates are based on the costs of a range to maximise the synergies between the
of programmes such as those focussed on different elements of HIV programmes.
gender-based violence, youth in schools,
workplace education and caring for children One of the limitations of the investment
orphaned by HIV. framework is that it lays out a defined set of
evidence-based basic programmes, but does
Strengths and not explore what delivery models deliver
optimum results when interventions are
limitations of the combined and expanded. It is crucial to
investment framework identify the best ways to scale up bundled
HIV interventions.
The investment framework offers a realistic,
Another shortcoming of the investment
achievable road map to decisively accelerate
framework is that while there is an ever
progress in the global HIV response. One
growing body of evidence on the effectiveness
of its major strengths is that it is based on
and cost-effectiveness of basic programmes,
the best available evidence on what works
there is more limited evidence available
in HIV prevention, treatment, care and
for critical enablers and synergies with
support. Moreover, the framework allows
development sectors. Further research is
adaptation as new evidence emerges,
especially if new technologies or approaches needed to better understand the barriers to
show that they directly affect HIV incidence, effective HIV responses and factors enabling
morbidity and mortality and can be them; to quantify key enabling interventions;
consistently scaled up. and to demonstrate their cost-effectiveness.
In particular, improved evidence is needed
The framework enables countries to respond on the best approaches to community
to HIV based on their own priorities. It mobilisation and community-led delivery of
simplifies the process of determining what programmes, as well as their costs.
6 UNAIDS | A new investment framework for the global HIV response
9. FIGURE 2: ESTIMATED COST OF THE INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK, 2011-20
Synergies with development sectors
Critical enablers
Voluntary medical male circumcision
Treatment, care and support for people living with HIV
Condom promotion and distribution
Behaviour change programmes
Elimination of new infections in children
Key populations at higher risk
25
20
Cost (billions US$)
15
10
5
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
Implementing the of existing HIV prevention, treatment, care
and support programmes as well as their
investment framework costs, enabling factors and potential barriers
to implementation. With this information,
In countries, governments and their partners countries can then prioritize activities and
can apply the investment framework to implement a carefully focused and more
guide HIV responses and make the most of effective response. In most countries this will
their programmes.
mean changing investments in HIV and a
To implement the investment framework, re-programming of HIV efforts.
policy makers must make use of information
At the global level, the investment
on HIV incidence and prevalence as well as
framework will enhance present efforts to
the populations at highest risk of acquiring
make the most of HIV responses, including
HIV, the geographic distribution of HIV and
the Global Fund’s new approach to fund
the proximate and structural determinants of
countries on the basis of national strategy
transmission.
applications rather than discrete projects,
They must also have a nuanced and PEPFAR’s new and explicit focus on
understanding of the scope and coverage increased country ownership.
A new investment framework for the global HIV response | UNAIDS 7
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