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MMINDDING - Dawna Ballard
This document discusses how interaction genres and multiminding practices have evolved with network-based work. It presents a framework that maps interaction based on the dimensions of space (co-located vs. remote) and time (synchronous vs. asynchronous). Originally in 2008, this led to four genres of separation, contemplating, choosing, and commuting. By 2014, new genres of togetherness and continuity had emerged due to technological changes enabling greater collaboration across distances and times. The concept of "multiminding" also developed as workers managed attention at broader temporal scales beyond single tasks.
MMINDDING - Dawna Ballard
- 1. Modern Times, ModernSpaces: Interaction Genres and Multiminding in Network-Based Work Dawna I. Ballard University of Texas at Austin, Moody College of Communication
- 2. Chronemics... study of timeas it is bound to human communication
- 3. Time talks. Spacespeaks. Hall,1959, 1966, 1983 The Silent Language basic underlying cultural assumption deepest level of culture that contains taken-for-granted and institutionalized beliefs and values seldom rise to the conscious level for examination and discussion
- 4. Task vs Relational distractions,privacy, inclusion in work life
- 5. INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNICAL ORGANIZATIONALENVIRONMENTS COMMUNICATION STRUCTURES Activity Coordination Workplace Technologies Feedback Cycles DIMENSIONS OF TEMPORAL EXPERIENCE ENACTMENTS Flexibility Linearity Pace Punctuality Delay Scheduling Separation CONSTRUALS Scarcity Urgency Past Time Focus Present Time Focus Future Time Focus SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS Industry Norms Occupational Norms Organizational Culture Work Group Norms INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS Social Identity Home‐Work Conflicts Personality Demographics OUTCOMES Communication Load Interdepartmental Relationships Job Satisfaction = influences ‐‐ = moderates 12 dimensions
- 6. Separation…availability of attentionalresources in time and space small time scales (e.g., hourly, daily)
- 7. Proxemics... study of spaceas it is bound to human communication
- 8. Then things changed…globally. Interactionwork (McKinsey, 2012) relies upon complex communication and coordination with others, yet requires independent judgment
- 9. CHRONEMICS PROXEMICS Synchronous Asynchronous ConnectingCommuting Remote ContemplatingChoosing culling same time different time ourtime my time my space Colocated our space same spacedifferent space Interaction Genres, circa 2008 (Austin, TX) Separation (2x2) = 4 interaction genres Space = Co-located versus Remote Time = Synchronous versus Asynchronous “socially recognized type of communicative actions…that are habitually enacted by members of a community to realize particular social purposes…” (Orlikowski & Yates, 1994)
- 10. Then things changedmore…circa 2012, globally Interaction work (McKinsey, 2012) relies upon complex communication and coordination with others, yet requires independent judgment
- 11. Minding (circa 2008,Silicon Valley CA) attention management strategy considers broader time scales (e.g., from hourly to annually) beyond tasking (central to industrial work) Hall, 1959 (anthropology) vs. Thompson, 1967 (historian)
- 12. CHRONEMICS PROXEMICS Synchronous Asynchronous ConnectingCommuting Remote ContemplatingChoosing culling same time different time ourtime my time my space Colocated our space same spacedifferent space Interaction Genres, circa 2008 (Austin, TX) Separation (2x2) = 4 interaction genres Space = Co-located versus Remote Time = Synchronous versus Asynchronous “socially recognized type of communicative actions…that are habitually enacted by members of a community to realize particular social purposes…” (Orlikowski & Yates, 1994)
- 13. CHRONEMICS PROXEMICS Synchronous Asynchronous ConnectingCommuting Remote ContemplatingChoosing culling same time different time ourtime my time my space Colocated our space same spacedifferent space Interaction Genres, circa 2014 Together across space space of flows Continuous over time timeless time Separation (2x2) = 4 interaction genres Space = Co-located versus Remote Time = Synchronous versus Asynchronous “socially recognized type of communicative actions…that are habitually enacted by members of a community to realize particular social purposes…” (Orlikowski & Yates, 1994)
- 14. Contemplating Spatially =Co-located Temporally = Asynchronous
- 15. Choosing Spatially =Remote Temporally = Asynchronous
- 16. Commuting Spatially =Remote Temporally = Synchronous
- 17. Coworking Spatially =Co-located Temporally = Synchronous
- 18. (Multi)Minding Spatially =Together Temporally = Continuous
- 19. to mind (v.) 1.to bring (an object or idea) to mind; remember 2. a. to become aware of; notice b. to have in mind as a goal or purpose; intend 3. to attend to 4. to be careful about 5. to care about; be concerned about 6. to take care or charge of; look after