Electricity is a type of energy that consists of the movement of electrons between two points when there is a potential difference between them, making it possible to generate what is known as an electric current.

1. JAVA
PRO GRAM M IN G
NAME : RITIK PANDEY
REG NO. : 21110113913
BRANCH : EEE

2. Introduction
• Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming
language developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid-
1990s.
• It is known for its platform independence, as Java
programs can run on any device with the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM) installed.
• Java is extensively used for web development,
enterprise applications, mobile apps, and game
development.
.

3. History Of Java
• Java programming language was developed by
James Gosling and his team at Sun Microsystems
(now owned by Oracle) in the early 1990s..
• The project was initially named "Oak" and was
intended for use in consumer electronic devices like
set-top boxes.
• Java gained popularity rapidly due to its "Write Once,
Run Anywhere" (WORA) capability, which allowed
Java programs to run on any platform with a Java
Virtual Machine (JVM).

4. Key Features
• Object-Oriented Programming: Java is an object-oriented
programming language, which means it is centred around creating
and manipulating objects, making code more organized and
reusable.
• Platform Independence: Java is platform-independent because it
uses the concept of "write once, run anywhere" (WORA). Once Java
code is compiled, it can run on any platform with a Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).
• Garbage Collection: Java has an automatic garbage collection
mechanism that manages memory allocation and deallocation,
freeing developers from manual memory management tasks.

5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java
• Modularity and Reusability: OOP allows breaking down code into
smaller, self-contained objects or classes. These objects can be reused in
different parts of the program or in other projects, leading to more
modular and maintainable code.
• Encapsulation: Encapsulation hides the internal implementation details
of an object and exposes only the necessary functionalities. It improves
code security and makes it easier to update or modify the underlying code
without affecting other parts of the program.
• Collaborative Development: OOP promotes teamwork in software
development. Developers can work independently on different classes or
modules, reducing conflicts and making the development process more
efficient.

6. Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
 Platform Independence: JVM allows Java bytecode to be
executed on any platform with a compatible JVM installed. This
"write once, run anywhere" (WORA) capability is a fundamental
advantage of Java.
 Bytecode Execution: Java source code is compiled into platform-
independent bytecode by the Java compiler. The JVM interprets this
bytecode at runtime and converts it into machine-specific instructions.
 Memory Management: JVM handles memory allocation and
garbage collection, freeing developers from manual memory
management tasks. It automatically deallocates memory occupied by
objects no longer in use.

7. Advantages
 Compatibility: Older Java code can be easily
integrated into newer versions, ensuring backward
compatibility and smoother upgrades.
 Web Development: Java is widely used for web
development, powering scalable and robust server-
side applications.
 Multithreading Support: Java's multithreading
capabilities enable concurrent programming, leading
to better performance and responsiveness in
applications.

8.  Rich Standard Library: Java offers an extensive
standard library with built-in classes and APIs,
reducing development time and effort.
 Community and Resources: Java has a vast and
active developer community, providing excellent
support, documentation, and third-party libraries.
 Enterprise-Level Applications: Java is preferred
for developing large-scale, mission-critical
enterprise applications due to its scalability and
robustness.
.

9. Disadvantages
• Memory Consumption: Java applications typically require more
memory due to the overhead of the JVM and the need for automatic
garbage collection, which can impact resource-constrained
environments.
• Slower Startup Time: The time taken to start a Java application can
be relatively slow, especially for smaller or simple programs, as the
JVM needs time to initialize.
• Inefficient for Small Scale Projects: For small-scale projects, the
overhead of setting up a Java development environment and using
JVM may not be justified.

10. Applications
• Web Development
• Mobile App Development
• Desktop Applications
• Big Data and Analytics
• Cloud-Based Applications
• Scientific and Research Applications
• Gaming

11. Conclusion
In conclusion, this presentation aimed to provide a
comprehensive exploration of Java, covering its
fundamental concepts, object-oriented nature,
exception handling, libraries, and real-world
applications. Java remains a powerful and widely used
programming language with immense industry
relevance.

12. Thank You.
.