Overview of the Enneagram for groups.

1. “And in understanding me
you might come to prize my
differences from you, and, far
from seeking to change me,
preserve and even nurture
those differences. “
--David Keirsey

2. Type = Cognitive
Emotional Structure
ENNEAGRAM

3. Fundamental Types
of
Human Nature
(Archetypes)
ENNEAGRAM

4. One of the main features of
personality is to make its’
features invisible . . .
We do not see ourselves as
we really are.
ENNEAGRAM

5. We see ourselves as an
idealized version of our
actual self.
ENNEAGRAM
In effect, we are unconscious.

6. Thoughts and feelings
always come and go.
ENNEAGRAM
Thoughts and feelings are
why people drink and use.

7. Thinking
Past
Planning
Imagination
Feelings
Sensations
ENNEAGRAM
All Temporary

8. The idea is to become
conscious of our thoughts.
ENNEAGRAM
The Observer
The Inner Witness

9. Spiritual experience can
only be received.
ENNEAGRAM
You can’t experience a
receptive state when your
type barriers are active.

10. Witnessing consciousness
makes it possible to receive
intuitive knowing.
ENNEAGRAM
“We will intuitively know how to
handle situations which used to
baffle us.”

11. We learn to come back to
ourselves; to remove the
barriers that keep us from
our true potential.
ENNEAGRAM

12. We can practice new
behavior all day long, but we
really see progress when we
work on our own personal
affective responses to life.
ENNEAGRAM

13. Whatever is repressed is
magnified.
ENNEAGRAM

14. “If a man does not keep pace
with his companions, perhaps it
is because he hears a different
drummer.
Let him step to the music which
he hears, however measured or
far away.”
—Henry David Thoreau

15. Carol
Nora Karen
Margaret
Cindy
Charlie
ENNEAGRAM

16. Mediator
Perfectionist
Giver
Performer
Romantic
Observer
Loyal Skeptic
Epicure
Protector
ENNEAGRAM

17. The Instinctive Triad 8, 9, 1
The Feeling Triad 2, 3, 4
The Thinking Triad 5, 6, 7
Body Type; Anger is the chosen response to stress
Receive intuitive impressions through the physical body
Heart Type; Depression is the chosen
response to stress
Receive intuitive impressions through
emotional reactions
Head Type; Anxiety & Fear is the chosen
response to stress
Receive intuitive impressions in a mental
way
THE ENNEAGRAM TRIADS

18. The world is a place where I cannot assert
myself: instead, I will create harmony.
D. Daniels M.D. & H. Palmer 2003
The world is imperfect, and I work
toward its improvement.
The world can be tough, and only
the strong survive. I will protect
the innocent.
The Instinctive Triad 8, 9, 1
Anger
ENNEAGRAM WORLDVIEWS

19. The world is full of people who
depend on my help; therefore I am
needed.
The world values winners, so I
avoid failure at all costs.
In the world, others have
something that I am missing.
What is wrong?
D. Daniels M.D. & H. Palmer 2003
The Feeling Triad 2, 3, 4
Depression
ENNEAGRAM WORLDVIEWS

20. The world is invasive, so I need
privacy to guard my resources and
refuel my energy.
The world is a threatening and
unsafe place. I must be loyal and
question authority.
The world is full of exciting
opportunities so I look to the
future.
D. Daniels M.D. & H. Palmer 2003
The Thinking Triad 5, 6, 7
Anxiety & Fear
ENNEAGRAM WORLDVIEWS

21. Type 1 Principled, Purposeful, Self-Controlled, and Perfectionistic

22. Healthy Average Unhealthy
Accepting
Wise
Evaluating
Reasonable
Principled
Responsible
Obligated
Striving
Self-Controlled
Orderly
Judgmental
Critical
Self-Righteous
Inflexible
Obsessive
Contradictory
Condemnatory
Punitive
Type 1 Principled, Purposeful, Self-Controlled, and Perfectionistic

23. Type 2 Generous, Demonstrative, People-Pleasing, and Possessive

24. Healthy Average Unhealthy
Self-Nuturing
Unconditionally
Loving
Empathic
Caring
Supportive
Giving
Well-Intentioned
People-Pleasing
Possessive
Intrusive
Self-Important
Overbearing
Self-Justifying
Manipulative
Entitled
Coercive
Feel Victimized
Burdensome
Type 2 Generous, Demonstrative, People-Pleasing, and Possessive

25. Stat
us
Type 3 Success-Oriented, Pragmatic, Adaptable, and Image-Conscious

26. Healthy Average Unhealthy
Inner-Directed
Authentic
Adaptable
Admirable
Goal-Oriented
Self-Improving
Success-
Oriented
Performing
Image-
Conscious
Expedient
Self-Promoting
Grandiose
Unprincipled
Deceptive
Duplicitous
Opportunistic
Monomaniacal
Relentless
Type 3 Success-Oriented, Pragmatic, Adaptable, and Image-Conscious

27. Type 4 Sensitive, Withdrawn, Dramatic, Self-Absorbed, Temperamental

28. Healthy Average Unhealthy
Life-Embracing
Life-Enhancing
Introspective
Caring
Self-Revealing
Creative
Romanticizing
Individualistic
Self-Absorbed
Temperamental
Self-Indulgent
Decadent
Hateful
Alienated
Self-Rejecting
Clinically
Depressed
Despairing
Life-Denying
Type 4 Sensitive, Withdrawn, Dramatic, Self-Absorbed, Temperamental

29. Type 5 Intense, Cerebral, Perceptive, Innovative, Secretive and Isolated

30. Healthy Average Unhealthy
Participating
Visionary
Observant
Perceptive
Focused
Innovative
Conceptualizing
Preparing
Detached
Preoccupied
Extreme
Provacative
Nihilistic
Eccentric
Horrified
Delirious
Seeking Oblivion
Type 5 Intense, Cerebral, Perceptive, Innovative, Secretive and Isolated

31. Type 6 Security-Oriented, Engaging, Responsible, Anxious, Suspicious

32. Healthy Average Unhealthy
Self-Reliant
Courageous
Engaging
Reliable
Committed
Cooperative
Dutiful
Loyal
Ambivalent
Defensive
Authoritarian
Blaming
Panicky
Unreliable
Paranoid
Lashing Out
Self-Abasing
Self-Destructive
Type 6 Security-Oriented, Engaging, Responsible, Anxious, Suspicious

33. Type 7 Busy, Fun-Loving, Spontaneous, Acquisitive, Scattered, Versatile

34. Healthy Average Unhealthy
Joyful
Satisfied
Anticipating
Enthusiastic
Realistic
Productive
Acquisitive
Consuming
Distracted
Scattered
Self-Centered
Excessive
Insatiable
Escaping
Manic
Reckless
Overwhelmed
Paralyzed
Type 7 Busy, Fun-Loving, Spontaneous, Acquisitive, Scattered, Versatile

35. Type 8 Powerful, Domineering, Self-Confident, Willful, Confrontational

36. Healthy Average Unhealthy
Self-
Surrendering
Heroic
Self-Reliant
Strong
Self-Confident
Leading
Pragmatic
Enterprising
Self-Glorifying
Dominating
Confrontational
Intimidating
Ruthless
Dictatorial
Megalomaniacal
Terrorizing
Sociopathic
Destructive
Type 8 Powerful, Domineering, Self-Confident, Willful, Confrontational

37. Type 9 Easy-Going, Self-Effacing, Reassuring, Agreeable, Complacent

38. Healthy Average Unhealthy
Self-Possessed
Indomitable
Unselfconscious
Peaceful
Unselfish
Comforting
Self-Effacing
Agreeable
Disengaged
Complacent
Resigned
Appeasing
Repressed
Neglectful
Dissociating
Disoriented
Self-Abandoning
Disappearing
Type 9 Easy-Going, Self-Effacing, Reassuring, Agreeable, Complacent

39. DISINTEGRATION & INTEGRATION

40. Enneagram Worldviews
The world is a place where I cannot assert
myself: instead, I will create harmony.
The world is full of people who
depend on my help; therefore I am
needed.
The world values winners, so I
avoid failure at all costs.
In the world, others have
something that I am missing.
What is wrong?
The world is invasive, so I need
privacy to guard my resources and
refuel my energy.
The world is a threatening and
unsafe place. I must be loyal and
question authority.
The world is full of exciting
opportunities so I look to the
future.
D. Daniels M.D. & H. Palmer 2003
The world is imperfect, and I work
toward its improvement.
The world can be tough, and only
the strong survive. I will protect
the innocent.

41. Enneagram Where Attention Goes
External Claims/Others’ Positions: attempts to
determine other people’s agendas and points of view.
Others’ Needs: desires
approving from other people.
Tasks/Goals: wants positive attention
relative to tasks and performance.
What needs doing?
What Is Missing: awareness shifts relative to
the availability or unavailability of objects and
other people. Selective focus on the best in the
absent and the worst of the present.
Intrusion/Detaching: wishes to
avoid intrusion and to maintain
privacy. Sensitive to others
expectations.
Potential Hazards: scans environment for
clues that indicate the hidden intention of
others, or dangers nearby.
Multiple Options: attention shifts to
pleasant mental associations and
optimistic future plans.
D. Daniels M.D. & H. Palmer 2003
Correcting Error: evaluates what
is correct or incorrect in the
situation.
Power: looks for any indication of
potential loss of control.

42. We Can All Relate To Each Type Because We
Experience Them When:
Nine mindset – we all enter the Nine perspective when we feel
inseparable. Boundaries go down. Someone else’s life becomes the
motive for our own. We feel enthusiastic about their life, which has
become the focus of our own.
One mindset – we adopt it when our values are
questioned. When it’s a question of integrity, we, like
Ones, search carefully for the correct approach.
Two perspective – we adopt this mindset
when we see the potentials in people.
Their struggles inspire us.
Three mindset – when a juicy project comes
into play, we naturally shift gears and like
threes, move into performance mode.
Four mindset – we can feel the emotions of a Four when
we are getting into a relationship or getting out of one – at
these times we’re focused on the sense of oneness with
another and it feels so complete, or during a break-up, the
melancholy loss is powerfully attractive.
Five perspective – we all adopt this mindset during times of
scarcity when we don’t have the energy to meet our needs,
we shrink our expectations. Less simplifies everything and
freed from our emotional burdens, we may be nourished by
the silent abundance of mind.
Six mindset – we all adopt the Six perspective
when we feel endangered. We muster up.
Adrenaline forces fight or flight. Phobic = hide and
submit. Counter Phobic = aggressively challenge
Seven perspective – we all experience the
Seven’s mindset when we are anticipating
something we’re looking forward to. The
ordinary shrinks away and everything seems
lighter and brighter – problems can be put off
until after this much anticipated event.
Eight mindset – we all enter the Eight perspective when
we see the truth with complete certainty and act
accordingly. A force of power and fortitude wells up that
cannot be compromised. When the truth is at stake, we
couldn’t draw back if we tried.

43. Type 1 - The Perfectionist/Reformer: people
who compare reality to a set of standards. May be
objective, balanced, and morally heroic or
repressive, critical and perfectionistic.
Mistaken Belief: “You are good or okay if you do
what is right.”
Fear of being bad, corrupt, evil or defective.
Affirmation: “You are good.”
Desire to be good, virtuous, in balance – to have
integrity.
Strengths: Integrity. Concern for improvement.
Putting forth a lot of effort. Idealism. Self-reliance.
Industriousness. Keeper of high standards. Self-
restraint. Being highly responsible. (Daniels)
Talking Style: Preaching, moralizing, and teaching

44. Ultimate Goal of Development: To realize that we
are all perfect as we are, (complete and whole),
that our worth and well-being are inherent and not
dependent on our being right or wrong.
(Daniels/Price)
Ones actualize themselves and remain healthy by
allowing the spontaneous arising of their instinctive
response to life. They gradually learn to relax their
guard and feel comfortable with whatever state they
find themselves in. (Riso-Hudson)

45. Type 2 - The Helper/Giver: people who see the
world interpersonally and define themselves through
service to others. May be selfless, loving and giving
or dependent, prideful and hostile.
Mistaken Belief: “It’s not okay to have your own
needs.”
Fear of being unworthy of being loved.
Desire to feel loved.
Affirmation: You are wanted.
Strengths: Being giving and helpful. Being
generous. Sensitivity to the feelings of others. Being
supportive. Being appreciative. Being romantic. High
energy. Exuberance. Expressiveness. (Daniels)
Talking Style: advising, flattering, help and advice

46. When Twos remember their essential nature and the
Divine state it mirrors, they become aware of the
presence of love all around them, so there is quite
literally nothing that they need to get from anyone –
and nothing they can give. (Riso-Hudson)
Ultimate Goal of Development: To realize that we are
all loved for who we are, not for how much we give or
how much we are needed by others; that the needs
of all are invariably and ultimately met.
(Daniels/Price)

47. Type 3 - The Achiever/Performer: people who
measure themselves by external achievement and
the roles that they play. May be truthful,
accomplished and excellent at what they do or
conniving, competitive and false.
Mistaken Belief: “You are good or okay as long as
you are successful and others think well of you.”
Fear of being worthless or without inherent value.
Desire to feel worthwhile, accepted and desirable.
Affirmation: You are loved for yourself.
Strengths: Being personable. Enthusiasm.
Leadership. Self-assurance. Being practical,
competent, and efficient. Inspiring hope. Poise.
Talking Style: Propaganda; wooing, inspiring,
impressing, advice: self promotion

48. When Threes are willing to lose the approval of
others to follow their own heart, they become the
outstanding individuals they have always wished to
be. (Riso-Hudson)
Ultimate Goal of Development: To realize that love
comes from who we are, not from what we do.
Practice looking inward for my own identity apart
from success and the expectations of others.
Realize that love comes from being, not from doing
and having. (Daniels/Price)

49. Type 4 - The Individualist/Romantic: people who live
principally in their imagination and feelings. May be
artistic, articulate and inspiring or whiny, elitist and
negative.
Mistaken Belief: “It’s not okay to be too functional or too
happy.”
Fear of being without identity or personal significance.
Affirmation: “You are seen for who you are.”
Desire to find themselves and their significance, to create
an identity out of their inner experience.
Strengths: Sensitivity. A creative orientation. Being
attuned to feelings. A capacity to emphasize with suffering.
Intensity. Passion. Romantic idealism. Emotional Depth.
Authenticity. Introspection.
Talking Style: lamentation, lyrical lamentation, sad stories

50. In the process of transformation, Fours let go of a
particular self-image – that they are more inherently
flawed than others, and that they are missing
something that others have. (Riso-Hudson)
Ultimate Goal of Development: To realize that in the
present moment we are loved and completely whole,
lacking no essential quality or ingredient, that we are
interconnected and at one with all life. (Daniels/Price)

51. Type 5 - The Observer/Investigator: people who
pull back from the world and live in their mind. May
be wise, far-sighted and knowledgeable or abstract,
stingy and schizoid.
Mistaken Belief: “It’s not okay to be comfortable in
the world.”
Fear of being useless, incapable and incompetent.
Affirmation: “Your needs are not a problem.”
Desire to be capable and competent.
Strengths: Scholarliness. Being knowledgeable.
Thoughtfulness. Calmness in crisis. Being
respectful. Keeping confidences. Dependability.
Appreciation of simplicity.
Talking Style: Treatise, explaining, systematizing,
dissertation

52. Fives actualize themselves and remain healthy by
learning to reclaim their confidence, the feeling of
being full, strong and capable through their physical
presence and their instinctual energy, instead of
through mental structures. (Riso-Hudson)
Ultimate Goal of Development: To realize that there
is a natural and sufficient supply of what is needed to
support and sustain life, that staying engaged in life
will not deplete our resources and energy.
(Daniels/Price)

53. Type 6 - The Loyal Skeptic/Questioners:
people who anticipate the world’s dangers. When
healthy they are often courageous, loyal and
effective or cowardly, masochistic and paranoid.
Mistaken Belief: “It’s not okay to trust yourself.”
Fear of being without support or guidance.
Affirmation: “You are safe.”
Desire to find security and support.
Strengths: Trustworthiness. Loyalty.
Thoughtfulness. Questioning mind. Warmth.
Perseverance. Responsibility. Protectiveness.
Intuition. Wit. Sensitivity.
Talking Style: Setting limits, warning, group
thought

54. Sixes become actualized by centering themselves in
their own body’s sensations if they can sense their
anxiety and not react to it, they begin to come into a
more open and trusting experience of life. (Riso-
Hudson)
Ultimate Goal of Development: To realize that it is
natural to have faith in ourselves and one another,
that we can embrace and support life without doubt
and mistrust. (Daniels/Price)

55. Type 7 - The Enthusiast/Epicure: people who look
for multiple choices and positive futures. May be well-
rounded, affirming and generous or narcissistic,
escapist, and insatiable.
Mistaken Belief: “It’s not okay to depend on anyone
for anything.”
Fear of being deprived or trapped in pain.
Affirmation: “You will be taken care of.”
Desire to be happy, satisfied and find fulfillment.
Strengths: Playfulness. Inventiveness. Being
enjoyable and upbeat. High energy. Optimism. Love
of life. Vision. Enthusiasm. Helpfulness. Imagination.
Talking Style: Stories, garrulous, anecdotes.

56. Sevens actualize themselves and remain healthy by
learning to slow down and quiet the rapid activity of
their minds so that impressions can affect them more
deeply. (Riso-Hudson)
Ultimate Goal of Development: To realize that in
order to experience life fully we must be consciously
present in the here and now: that we support and
sustain ourselves and others by cultivating this
conscious presence. (Daniels/Price)

57. Type 8 - The Protector/Asserter: people who
need to be strong, to prevail over circumstance.
May be powerful, protective and committed to a
cause, or destructive, excessive and sadistic.
Mistaken Belief: “It’s not okay to be vulnerable or
to trust anyone.”
Fear of being harmed or controlled by others.
Affirmation: “You will not be betrayed.”
Desire to protect themselves, to determine their
own course in life.
Strengths: Courage. Persistence. Fairness.
Decisiveness. Protectiveness. Self-assertion.
Intensity. Friendliness. Magnanimity. The ability to
energize others.
Talking Style: Laying trips; challenging,
unmasking, imperatives

58. When Eights are willing to trust and let down their
defenses, they can truly embrace their bigness of
heart and make deep connections. (Riso-Hudson)
Ultimate Goal of Development: To realize that we are
all inherently innocent and can naturally sense truth;
that approaching each situation with a fresh
perspective and free of personal prejudice enables
us to recognize truth. (Daniels/Price)

59. Type 9 - The Peacemaker/Mediator: people
who are receptive to their environment and play
down their own presence. May be loving,
modest and trusting or stubborn, lazy and soul-
dead.
Mistaken Belief: “It’s not okay to assert
yourself.”
Fear of loss of connection, of fragmentation.
Affirmation: “Your presence matters.”
Desire to maintain their inner stability and peace
of mind.
Strengths: Attentiveness to others. Empathy.
Supportiveness. Accountability. Steadfastness.
Being adaptive. Being accepting. Being
receptive. Being caring.
Talking Style: Saga, monotonous, rambling,
epic stories

60. When Nines learn to recognize their own Essential
value they become actualized and others appreciate
them more as well. (Riso-Hudson)
Ultimate Goal of Development: To realize that we all
are unconditionally and equally loved (accepted and
appreciated for who we are as individuals), that our
worth and well-being come from within.
(Daniels/Price)