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This document summarizes a study that tested a model for measuring the economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts of the 2013 European Athletics Indoor Championship in Gothenburg, Sweden using a common monetary metric. The study found that when measured monetarily, socio-cultural impacts had a greater weight than economic impacts, while environmental impacts had little importance for the total assessment. The model demonstrated the possibility of producing a holistic sustainability impact analysis of a sports event in a uniform metric.
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Knaving björk designing for fun and play - evinnEVINNslides
This document discusses gamification and playfulness in design. It provides background on concepts like intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, play, games and fun. It discusses how gamification uses game elements in non-game contexts to motivate users. However, gamification risks undermining the main activity or intrinsic motivation if the game elements overshadow the original purpose. The document provides two guidelines for gamification design: 1) Ensure the game elements preserve focus on the main activities. 2) Consider designing for playfulness rather than just gaming.
This document summarizes a research article that examines the differences between two types of volunteers at major sporting events: regular sports volunteers affiliated with organized sports organizations, and first-time "pure event" volunteers without sports affiliations. It finds that regular sports volunteers tend to be older, male, have higher incomes, and are motivated more by intrinsic factors like sports interest and social motives. First-time volunteers tend to be younger, female, have lower incomes, and are motivated more by extrinsic factors like gaining qualifications and work experience. The study indicates these groups represent two different volunteer cultures - a traditional collective culture among regulars and a more modern reflexive culture among first-timers viewing events as opportunities for self-investment.
Volunteers at the 2013 indoor athletic...EVINNslides
This document summarizes a study on volunteers at the 2013 European Indoor Athletics Championships held in Gothenburg, Sweden. Around 800 volunteers were needed to carry out duties related to competition, accreditation, security, transportation, media, and more. A questionnaire was sent to volunteers to understand their opinions on the event organization and individual benefits of volunteering. The results showed that volunteers were generally satisfied with the organization and motivated both intrinsically and extrinsically. Motivation theory suggests volunteers are driven by both personal factors like fulfilling needs, and situational factors like rewards from the event organizers. Ensuring volunteer duties match personal motivations is key to retaining volunteers for future events.
The document describes DSB's "football guide" scheme in Denmark, which addresses problems caused by rowdy football fans on trains. Under the scheme, fans travel in separate coaches overseen by specially trained staff. The initiative began in 2008 when a DSB employee, Malene Friis, established dialogue with key fan groups to agree on an arrangement. Football guides are trained to deescalate conflicts and maintain order through respect, transparency and understanding of fan culture. Since implementing the scheme, costs from football-related damage have declined dramatically and train travel for matches is now well-organized and peaceful.
This document summarizes a training program developed in Denmark called "Event Policing Training" which was aimed at shifting the approach of police officers from a deterrence-based model to a more dialogue-based approach when policing large crowds like football matches or protests. The training was based on research showing that a confrontational police presence can increase tensions, while a balanced, differentiated response tailored to the actual risk level is viewed as more legitimate and can encourage self-policing among crowds. The program taught police to see crowds as made up of diverse groups rather than a single entity, and emphasized building understanding and communication over deterrence through force of numbers or equipment.
This document summarizes a study of Danish ultra soccer supporters belonging to Brøndby IF. It finds that while they engage in some risky behaviors like pyrotechnics use, they see themselves as nonviolent and respect limits of acceptable behavior. Their relationship with Brøndby IF is passionate yet critical, and they have good relationships with other supporter groups despite differences. Their relationship with police is distrustful as police are seen as often misjudging risk, though supporters want better dialogue. The national police strategy aims for more dialogue-based policing but supporters report inconsistent implementation.
1. Frivillige på World Cup
Lillehammer
Presentasjon av spørreundersøkelse
Lillehammer, 9. januar 2014ar 2014
2. Disposisjon
1. Om de frivillige. Hvem var de?
2. Unge og eldre
3. Lederskap
4. Ungdoms-OL
3. Hvem er de: Demografi
Alder % N
Gjennomsnittsalder 1965 173
<- 30 år 17,1 30
31 år -> 82,7 143
<- 40 år 27,7 48
41 år -> 72,3 125
Kjønn
Kvinner 22,7 39
Menn 77,3 133
Bosted
Lillehammer 64,0 110
Annet sted i Oppland 24,4 42
Hedmark 2,9 5
Annet sted i Norge 7,0 12
Utlandet 1,7 3
4. Hvem er de: Utdanning/yrke
Høyeste avsluttede utdanning N %
Grunnskole 5 2,9
Videregående skole 61 35,1
Høgskole/universitet 108 62,1
Yrkesstatus
Yrkesaktiv heltid 128 73,6
Alders- eller uførepensjonist 21 12,1
Skoleelev eller student 16 9,2
Yrkesaktiv deltid 6 3,4
Annet 3 1,7
5. World Cup sammenlignet med andre
Birken ritt 2011 Birken renn 2012 Landevei 2012 WC Lillehammer 2013
Alder År N År N År N År N
Gjennomsnittsalder 43.55 687 45.31 414 44.47 47.68 173
Fødselsår 1968 1966 1967 1965
% N % N % N % N
Kjønn
Kvinner 48,0 329 49,2 204 35,4 68 22,7 39
Menn 52,0 356 50,8 211 64,6 124 77,3 133
Bosted
Lillehammer 41,7 286 33,8 140 11,5 22 64,0 110
Oppland ellers 9,9 68 6,0 25 7,0 3,7 24,4 42
Åmot 7,6 52 14,7 61 13,0 6,8
Hedmark ellers 39,4 270 43,5 180 77,5 148 2,9 5
Landet for øvrig 1,4 10 2,0 8 0,5 1 7,0 12
Utdanning
Grunnskole 12,8 88 10,6 44 9,4 18 2,9 5
Videregående skole 35,0 240 35,5 147 46,6 89 35,1 61
Høgskole/universitet 52,2 358 53,9 223 44,0 84 62,1 108
Yrkesstatus
Yrkesaktiv heltid 65,9 452 61,1 253 79,7 153 73,6 128
Yrkesaktiv deltid 9,0 62 10,6 44 5,7 11 3,4 6
Skoleelev eller student 13,4 92 12,1 50 14,0 7,3 9,2 16
Alders- eller uførepensjonist 6,0 41 10,6 44 2,6 5 12,1 21
Andre 5,7 39 5,6 23 4,7 9 1,7 3
6. Frivillige = fysisk aktive
N %
Mosjon (lav intensitet) 79 45,1
Langrenn 69 39,4
Andre idretter 46 26,3
Styrketrening fitness 27 15,4
Ikke fysisk aktiv 12 6,9
Organisering fysisk aktivitet
Medlem IL som driver med ski 105 60,0
Medlem IL som ikke driver med ski 20 11,4
Tidligere medlem av idrettslag 27 15,4
Ikke medlem idrettslag 23 13,1
Annet 5 2,9
7. Mange gjengangere, men..
En gang Flere Aldri
Birkebeinerrittet 15,6 40,6 43,8
Birkebeinerrennet 12,1 41,9 46,0
Ingalåmi 11,3 24,3 64,3
Birkebeinerløpet 7,4 24,1 68,5
Landeveisbirken 4,8 11,5 83,7
WC alpint Kvitfjell 7,7 7,7 84,6
Baldus Cup Håndball 2,9 10,6 86,5
Annet stort idrettsarr. i regionen 21,2 56,8 21,9
Annet stort arr. utenfor idretten 16,3 39,4 44,2
54 personer svarer at det er første gang de er med på et stort mesterskap (spm. kan ha forvirret)
8. Erfaring fra OL i 1994
25 prosent deltok som frivillige
25.0%
75.1%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1 2
Prosent
72.9%
27.1%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1 2
Prosent
Av de som ikke var frivillige,
opplevde 73% OL som tilskuer
14. De frivilliges roller
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Seksjonsleder Gruppeleder/leder
for
dugnadspersonell
Annen lederrolle Frivillig uten
lederansvar
Lederfunksjon Frivillig uten
lederansvar
3.3 3.3
16.7
73.4
26.6
73.4
9.4
6.5
12.9
71.2
28.8
71.2
<- 30 år (n=30) 31 år -> (n=142)
15. Frivillighet og økonomi
Hvor stor betydning har det på din lyst til å melde deg som frivillig i for eksempel World Cup at klubben din tjener penger?
30%
• Hvor stor betydning har det på din lyst til å melde deg som frivillig i for
eksempel World Cup at klubben din tjener penger?
17.3%
27.7%
16.8%
11.0%
6.4%
20.8%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1 2 3 4 5 6
Prosent
1 Det har avgjørende betydning
2 Det har stor betydning
3 Det har noe betydning
4 Det har liten betydning
5 Det har slett ingen betydning
6 Ikke relevant fordi jeg ikke var frivillig gjennom noe idrettslag
N=173
19. Påstand om seksjonsledelse
4.40
4.20
4.00
3.80
3.60
3.40
3.20
3.00
Ledelsen
fremsto åpen
og
inkluderende
Ledelsen ga
klare
beskjeder
Ledelsen ga
meg
tilstrekkelig
informasjon
før
arrangement
et
Ledelsen var
entusiastisk
Ledelsen
lyttet til
forslag og
innspill fra
oss frivillige
Ledelsen ga
meg
inspirasjon
Ledelsen for
seksjonen
bør være den
samme på
World Cup i
2014
Series1 4.25 3.97 3.71 4.00 3.77 3.55 4.04
20. «Hvordan opplevde du totalt sett at ledelsen
i din seksjon var å samarbeide med?»
50.0%
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
0.0%
3.4%
18.8%
31.6%
1 2 3 4 5
46.2%
N=117
21. Lederes syn på å jobbe med
frivillige uten lederoppgaver
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
10.6%
27.7%
1 2 3 4 5
61.7%
N=47
23. Hvordan opplevde du at det var å samarbeide med ledelsen for
selve arrangementet? «1=svært dårlig, 5=svært bra
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
2.2% 2.2% 2.2%
30.4%
1 2 3 4 5
63.0%
Series1
28. «Har du lyst til å være frivillig på World Cup
i nordiske grener i Lillehammer i 2014?»
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
JA: 83,3%
NEI: 1,8%
VET IKKE: 14,9%
1 2 3
Series1
31. Det er så langt
gitt god
informasjon om
arr.
Ungdom fra
distriktet vil få
stor innflytelse
over
planlegging og
gjennomføring
Ungdoms-OL vil
bety mye for
den lokale
idretten
Ungdoms-OL vil
gi for stort
toppidrettsfokus
blant lokale
idrettslag
Ungdoms-OL vil
være god
internasjonal
markedsføring
for Lillehammer
Ungdoms-OL vil
ikke bety noe
for lokalidretten
Ungdoms-OL vil
bety at flere
unge
engasjererer
seg på
ledernivå i
lokalidretten
etter lekene
2.33
2.87
4.41
3.5
3.93
1.6
3.28
2.82
3.01
3.65
2.85
3.97
2.01
3.43
Påstander om ungdoms-OL, skala 1-5
<- 30 år 31 år ->
32. Frivillige i 2016
Ser for seg å stille som frivillige på YOG
64.2
5.2
30.6
Ja Nei Vet ikke