This document discusses pine tapping in South America and challenges facing the pine oleoresin industry. It notes that pine tapping is primarily based on large forest owners and supported by medium forest owners with short forest rotations of less than 15 years. It provides production statistics for Brazil, Argentina, and plans for Uruguay, then discusses challenges including natural versus planted forests, tapping techniques, and mechanization to increase labor efficiency and reduce workforce needs.
Planting equipment has become more sophisticated and precise in recent years, with farmers becoming more focused on seed count rather than weight in order to control plant population in their fields. Responding to that need, seeds are increasingly sold and labeled by count. In most instances, even when sold by weight, seed count is provided on the package.
Production and market of gum rosin in china 2010CCM Intelligence
"Description:
As an important pine product, gum rosin is widely used in the production of adhesive, paint & coating, rubber, food, paper and ink, batik, etc. Driven by great demand from overseas and increasing domestic consumption volume, China’s gum rosin industry developed fast in the past few years.
China has abundant pine resources, which guarantees sufficient oleoresin for gum rosin production. However, in the past two years, infestation, eucalyptus planting and bad weather such as drought, heavy rain, snow, etc. have given greatly negative influence on oleoresin tapping in major pine growing areas, especially in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Jiangxi and Hubei. How heavily did they affect the production of gum rosin in these provinces? What kinds of measures have been taken?
Chinese export volume of gum rosin has dropped sharply in recent three years. Is it related to the adjustment in Chinese policies on gum rosin export, such as repealing export quotas, lowering export rebate?
Moreover, since most gum rosin is exported through the port of Huangpu, the price and stock of gum rosin reflect general domestic market trend. How about the fluctuation of gum rosin price in the past one and a half years and how much stock was stored in Huangpu port at the beginning of each month in the past two and a half years?
In recent three years, since more and more domestic producers and multinational corporations are engaged in the deep-processing of gum rosin, domestic consumption volume has been increasing. How about the consumption structure of gum rosin in the past three years and has the demand shifted within these major markets? What about the future prospect on major downstream industries?
The detailed answers of the above focuses will be given in this report, and it will also provide you an insightful analysis on other following aspects:
- Position of Chinese gum rosin in the world
- Production of gum rosin in the past few years in China
- Key factors influencing the price of gum rosin and pricing in the past few years
- Detail analysis on export & import of Chinese gum rosin in 2007~2009
- Market size and share of gum rosin in major end use segments in 2007~2009
- Multinational corporations’ impact on China’s gum rosin and gum rosin derivatives production, especially for several Japanese conglomerates
- Future forecast on Chinese gum rosin production in the next 5~10 years
- Introduction to major 30 gum rosin producers in China and know the latest dynamics on Chinese gum rosin industry
"
Learn about hemp investments and the early stage investment verticals and categories where companies and products are emerging in the United States hemp industry.
Planting equipment has become more sophisticated and precise in recent years, with farmers becoming more focused on seed count rather than weight in order to control plant population in their fields. Responding to that need, seeds are increasingly sold and labeled by count. In most instances, even when sold by weight, seed count is provided on the package.
Production and market of gum rosin in china 2010CCM Intelligence
"Description:
As an important pine product, gum rosin is widely used in the production of adhesive, paint & coating, rubber, food, paper and ink, batik, etc. Driven by great demand from overseas and increasing domestic consumption volume, China’s gum rosin industry developed fast in the past few years.
China has abundant pine resources, which guarantees sufficient oleoresin for gum rosin production. However, in the past two years, infestation, eucalyptus planting and bad weather such as drought, heavy rain, snow, etc. have given greatly negative influence on oleoresin tapping in major pine growing areas, especially in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Jiangxi and Hubei. How heavily did they affect the production of gum rosin in these provinces? What kinds of measures have been taken?
Chinese export volume of gum rosin has dropped sharply in recent three years. Is it related to the adjustment in Chinese policies on gum rosin export, such as repealing export quotas, lowering export rebate?
Moreover, since most gum rosin is exported through the port of Huangpu, the price and stock of gum rosin reflect general domestic market trend. How about the fluctuation of gum rosin price in the past one and a half years and how much stock was stored in Huangpu port at the beginning of each month in the past two and a half years?
In recent three years, since more and more domestic producers and multinational corporations are engaged in the deep-processing of gum rosin, domestic consumption volume has been increasing. How about the consumption structure of gum rosin in the past three years and has the demand shifted within these major markets? What about the future prospect on major downstream industries?
The detailed answers of the above focuses will be given in this report, and it will also provide you an insightful analysis on other following aspects:
- Position of Chinese gum rosin in the world
- Production of gum rosin in the past few years in China
- Key factors influencing the price of gum rosin and pricing in the past few years
- Detail analysis on export & import of Chinese gum rosin in 2007~2009
- Market size and share of gum rosin in major end use segments in 2007~2009
- Multinational corporations’ impact on China’s gum rosin and gum rosin derivatives production, especially for several Japanese conglomerates
- Future forecast on Chinese gum rosin production in the next 5~10 years
- Introduction to major 30 gum rosin producers in China and know the latest dynamics on Chinese gum rosin industry
"
Learn about hemp investments and the early stage investment verticals and categories where companies and products are emerging in the United States hemp industry.
RPG Representation to CITES Plants committee members before PC meet july 2018Ganesan RP
IUCN removed Red sanders tree from endangered category and classified it as Near Threatened on 5th July 2018. Understood CITES Plants committee meet is going to happen in 16 to 26 July 2018. So, put some important points and sent it to all plants committee members
Woodwork teachers are in a good position to deliver a message of sustainability to their students.
This powerpoint presentation is a guide to responsible wood procurement for construction studies and woodwork teachers.
A presentation in pictures, all taken by the author, on how sustainable forestry is evolving in Riau, Indonesia on the Bukit Batu concession area and how APP/Sinar Mas's work is evolving.
Shri Modiji, Do not Say Grow Trees, Till you Remove Hurdles for itGanesan RP
Tree growing is harassed in India. The laws, procedures created to protect the forest is applied on farm land trees, in the same manner. So, it is a discouraging factor. Due to harassment farmers do not prefer to grow trees, continue with water consuming Sugarcane, Coconut etc. Water Scarcity. Deep bore wells, Ground water goes down. Energy waste. Soil Dries up. DESERTIFICATION. Then all say grow Trees, without changing the policy
South American Commerce is form by a group of professionals wanting to reach new markets for soth american products. Our company offer agrofood from South America to the world.
RPG Representation to CITES Plants committee members before PC meet july 2018Ganesan RP
IUCN removed Red sanders tree from endangered category and classified it as Near Threatened on 5th July 2018. Understood CITES Plants committee meet is going to happen in 16 to 26 July 2018. So, put some important points and sent it to all plants committee members
Woodwork teachers are in a good position to deliver a message of sustainability to their students.
This powerpoint presentation is a guide to responsible wood procurement for construction studies and woodwork teachers.
A presentation in pictures, all taken by the author, on how sustainable forestry is evolving in Riau, Indonesia on the Bukit Batu concession area and how APP/Sinar Mas's work is evolving.
Shri Modiji, Do not Say Grow Trees, Till you Remove Hurdles for itGanesan RP
Tree growing is harassed in India. The laws, procedures created to protect the forest is applied on farm land trees, in the same manner. So, it is a discouraging factor. Due to harassment farmers do not prefer to grow trees, continue with water consuming Sugarcane, Coconut etc. Water Scarcity. Deep bore wells, Ground water goes down. Energy waste. Soil Dries up. DESERTIFICATION. Then all say grow Trees, without changing the policy
South American Commerce is form by a group of professionals wanting to reach new markets for soth american products. Our company offer agrofood from South America to the world.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx
2014 China Gum Rosin Trade Conference
1.
2. ... and what about the future of “pine tapping”
in South America.
• Based on big forest owners.
• Supported by medium size forest owners (100 to 1,000 hectares).
• Short forest rotation (< 15 years?).
• Better understanding of how the pine tree produces crude gum
(oleoresinosis).
• Less intervention.
• Planting for crude gum production (?).
• Mechanization.
3. Pine Oleo Resin Production in South America
BRAZIL
P. elliottii var. Elliottii
P. caribaea var. Caribaea
P. caribaea var. Hondurensis
P. caribaea var. Bahamensis
P. oocarpa
120.000 Tons of Pine Oleo Resin / year
~ 16 Gum Rosin Plants
ARGENTINA
P. elliottii var. Elliottii 25.000 Tons of Pine Oleo Resin / year
3 Gum Rosin Plants
URUGUAY
P. elliottii var. Elliottii Initiating Pine Oleo Resin production in
2014.
4. Chalenges Facing our Industry in South America
and all over the World!
NATURAL VERSUS PLANTED FORESTS
• Natural (low density / slow growing) versus Planted (high density / fast growing).
• Huge initiall investment.
• Very good knowledge of what and where to plant.
PINE TAPPING TECHNIQUE
• We have been doing the same for decades (or centuries)!
HAND LABOUR VERSUS MECHANIZATION
• Labour efficiency from a few tons to 25 tons of Pine Oleo Resin produced per worker
per year depending on the location of the operation.
• To produce 1.000.000 tons of Pine Oleo Resin per year in the best scenario we need
around 40.000 workers, in the worst scenario (poor and inefficient tappint technique)
the number rises to some hundred of thousand!