DEN is a Dutch organization that promotes the digitization and sharing of cultural heritage. The presentation discusses DEN's role in the Dutch digital heritage landscape, defines what constitutes digital heritage, and outlines the evolution of digitization efforts. It also examines standardization, user demand, and future technologies that could impact digital heritage work, such as social media, mobile devices, crowd-sourcing and semantic web technologies.

1. Digital Heritage Evangelism
DEN -Digital Heritage Netherlands
Presentation to the
Faculty of Visual Arts & Design,
Bandung Institute of Technology
Den Haag | June 20th, 2014 | Monika Lechner | DEN.nl/english | monika.lechner@den.nl

2.  What is DEN?
 The Dutch digital heritage landscape
 What is digital heritage?
 Evolution of digitisation
 Standardisation
 User demand
 Future technologies that will rock the world

3. Dissemination & monitoring sinds 1999
Good, best & better practise in digitisation
Digitisation = transformation !
What is DEN?
Use an open infrastructure!
Work together !
Use open standaards !
Invest in sustainable services !
Share your knowledge on digitisation !
Innovate (yourself) !

4. National policy
There are two sides to Dutch government policy regarding
digitisation of cultural heritage:
Decentralised approach:
• Strengthening local activities and innovation
• Promoting creation of institutional ICT policies
• Investing in staff training
• Funding on national, provincial and local level
Strengthening the national infrastructure in EU-context:
• “Digital Collection Netherlands”
• Infrastructure for preservation and access
• Legal framework / copyright
• Quality assurance based on self regulation

5. National context of DEN
Creative industries Education Government Science
Heritage wide topics
Copyright / Legal issues Policy develop. / funding Business model innov. Digital preservation
Standards & infrastruct.
Quality assurance
Training / Man. develop.
User studies / social
media
Sectors
Archaeo
-logy
Archi-
ves
AV-ar-
chives
Libra-
ries
Monu-
ments
Mu-
seums
Werkgroep Auteursrechten
FOBID/JC
Ministry OCW, Taalunie,
Provincia governments
Kennisland, TNO, Erfgoed2.0
Waterwolf, HU Utrecht
CCDD
Digitale CollectieNL, Portals
OpenCultuurData
RCE, ‘Meten is weten’,
funds
GO, Reinwardt, UL/BDMS
SCP, Boekman, CBS
RCE
CAA-NL
BRAIN
ACDD
STAP
NA / RHC’s
Archief2.0
B&G
AVA-net
NIMk
KB
SIOB
Bibliotheek.
nl
FOBID
UKB Bijzcol
RCE
LEU
NMV
SIMIN
Museum-
register
LCM
Qmus
HNI
CLICK
Service suppliers
Kennisnet
SURF
Forum Standaardisatie
NOiV
Nationaal Archief
NCDD
CATCH / CATCH+
CLARIN / DARIAH
DANS
NCDD

6. Offline activities
Expertmeetings (BASIS, Digital preservation, …)
workshops,
conferences
www.dish.nl
Facilitator of Open Heritage Coffees
Participation in
… workgroups (e.g. Copyright)
… steering committees (e.g. CATCH+)
… stakeholders meetings (Persistent Identifiers)
… European (research projects) (e.g. ENUMERATE,
Europeana Inside, MeSch)November, 20th, 2012 6

7. – Standaards, guidelines, best practises
– Projectbase with plans & evaluation
– ICT-profiles of heritage institutions
Online activities: knowledgebase www.den.nl

8. “Thou shalt always use open standards.”

10. Basic requirements for findability of digital information (core set
of 7 standards)
Basic requirements for the creation of digital data
– Text
– Image
– AV-collections
– Geospatial data
Basic requirements for digital preservation
– Preservation policy
– Responsibilities within the institutions
– Participation in national repositories
Basic requirements for handling copyright (in the making)
DE BASIS / The Basics

11. What is digital heritage?

12. This is not digitisation!

13. This is digitisation!

14. Heritage = ObjectsInformation

15. Three types of Digital Heritage
‘Born digital’ heritage
Digital by origin (e.g. electronic art, electronic archives,
digital photographs).
Digitised heritage
Cultural artefacts that (did) exist in the physical world
and have been reproduced with digital technology
(e.g. scans of paper objects, photographs of paintings,
encoded audio or video, reconstructions of monuments).
Digital information about cultural heritage objects
E.g. structured object descriptions, collection level
descriptions, x-rays of paintings, knowledge organisation
systems like thesauri and ontologies, etc.
All three types have their own needs for preservation and access

16. Enriched data
Full content
Digital reproductions
Thumbnails
Relations
(hierarchic,
related)
Basic
descriptions
Heritage
National Collection (collection)
Collection registration / cataloguing in
institutions (registration)
Traditional bibliographies and union
catalogues (e.g. STCN) (disclosure)
Indexes of metadata with links to external
objects (e.g. Europeana) (aggregation)
Information units with opportunities for
search and display of objects(e.g. Memory
of the Netherlands. (portal)
Information systems with search options for
both metadata and full content (e.g. EDBO)
(index / search engine)
Information systems that enable semantic
searching for both metadata and full
(structured) content (e.g. research data)
(knowledge system)

17. ACT
PLAN
DO
CHECK
Project planning
User studies
Highlights
(1995-)
Heavily used
Collections
(2000- )
Mass Digitisation
(2005- )
Evaluation
Information plans
Evolution of digitisation
Benchmarking
Business Model
Innovation

18. Museum collection: ± 44 million objects
Archival collections: ± 845 km (= ± 6 billion pages)
Academic libraries: ± 9 million items
Audio visual collections: 830.000 uur
Alles uit de kast: it takes 150.000 man-year to digitise
the entire Dutch heritage collection kept by institutions
The Dutch Heritage Collection

19. How much has been digitised?
19%
13%
40%
42%
30%
24%
22%
12%
11%
17%
57%
65%
48%
47%
52%
100% 75% 50% 25% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Museum
Other type of institution:
Library
Archive / records office
Total
No need to digitise Already digitally reproduced Still needs to be digitally reproduced

20. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Photographs
Archival records
Drawings
Postcards
Engravings/Prints
Rare books
Paintings
Manuscripts
Maps
Posters
Newspapers
Other books3D works of art
Audio (music, recorded
sound)
Video recordings
3D man-made objects
Serials
Film
Microforms/Microfilms
Other 2D objects
Sheet music
Other 3D objects (natural
sciences)
Monuments and sites
ARCH
AV
MON
LIB
MUS

21. Digital Collection / Digitisation strategy
91%
86%
86%
85%
87%
37%
35%
35%
39%
36%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Archive / records office
Museum
Library
Other type of institution:
Total
Digital collection Written digitisation strategy

22. Issues with general use:
The offer is growing, but there is not much coherence (not even within the digital
offer of a single institution)
Digitisation of primarily a push-activity, not demand-driven
Issues for institutions:
Disclosure of collections is not optional. This slows down innovation.
Specialist knowledge is required for digitisation, which is often not available.
Digital preservation is often not secured, neither for data nor for services.
Issues for the heritage domain as a whole:
Cross domain cooperation is challenged by differences in professional traditions.
A big portion of the digital collections are not available for general use.
Digital heritage if not easily findable in general search services like Google.
Some lessons learned

23. www.europeana.eu

24. Europeana contents:
Total: 30,006,395 items
17,760,167 images - paintings, drawings, maps, photos and pictures
11,546,679 texts - books, newspapers, letters, diaries and archival
papers
485,813 sounds - music and spoken word from cylinders, tapes, discs
and radio
198,990 videos - films, newsreels and TV broadcasts
14,746 3D objects - three-dimensional digital models

26. Source: Tim Berners Lee / 5stardata.info
(Linked) Open data

28. Flickr, started in 2004

29. www.ceciliaprize.com/

30. User demand
by Aeioux on FLICKR

31. Tweet Mike Ellis
JoshGreenberg@DISH2009
What does the user want?

32. Link: http://youtu.be/aXV-yaFmQNk
Users change…

33. Where do users go?
BusinessModelInnovatieCultureelErfgoed,
Kennisland/DEN,2009

34. Reality check 1
Bron: Culture24 Action Research Report 2011: “How to measure success
online?”
http://weareculture24.org.uk/projects/action-research/how-to-evaluate-success-online/

35. Reality check 2

36. EUROPEANA - ONLINE VISITOR SURVEY- 2011
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Trustworthiness of content
Usefulness of content
General look and feel of site
Presentation of results
Ease of access to content
Navigation around the site
Search functions
Chart 6 - Europeana - Rating against main competitor
Better
Similar
Worse

37. Source: IMLS

38. Oldies but Goldies…

39. What’s next?
Future technologies
that will rock the world
(A selection)
©2012Léocaillard.Tousdroitsréservés.

40. What’s next?
Social Media
Mobile Media
Tablet Computing
Crowd Sourcing
so 2012!
© 2012 Léo Caillard. Tous droits réservés.

41. New collections, new artefacts: born digital
• “The Art of Video Games” – Smithsonian American Art Museum
- http://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/archive/2012/games/artists/http://video.pbs.org/video/2219318375

42. Project ALMA Museum Boijmans:
Hotspots in pictures
© 2012 Nynke van der Wal. Museum Boijmans van Beuningen
© 2012 ECLAP - European Collected Library of Artistic
Performance | http://www.eclap.eu/
Video annotation
 ECLAP MyStoryPlayer

43. New search technologies
Search by:
• Melodies / songs (WITCHCRAFT CatchPlus)
• Visual search
- Colour
- Form
- Example:
Or
Google :
Search by Image
http://www.armandomuseum.nl/

44. • Semantic Web becoming mainstream:
Linked Open Data
Google Knowledge Graph Demo:
http://www.google.com/insidesearch/features/search
/knowledge.html

45. • +Geo data
• Open data
• Open content
• Datavisualisation
• Mash ups
See:
Erfgoed en Locatie
Google World Wonders
Open Cultuurdata.nl
Search in time & space:
Europeana 4D
Reingest enriched data

46. Use and Reuse.
Not perfect yet? No problem.
http://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/18340897/
“We can't show you any images of this object at the moment. This
may be because we have not yet digitized this object or, if we do
have a digitized image, we don't hold the rights to show it publicly.
We apologize for any inconvenience.”

47. Mixed media, mixed reality
© 2012 Léo caillard. Tous droits réservés.

48. Analogue + digital = smart object
Do it yourself!
3D printed object
+
sensor / chip
http://www.picnicnetwork.org/rijksmuseumamsterdam-fablab
+
http://www.arduino.cc/
=
Bron: Beeld en Geluid
Foto’s © 2012 PICNIC Festival; Arduino.cc, Beeld en Geluid
Context aware
smart object
&
adaptive
content

49. “I think the future of museums will be a lot
more personalised than the current one fits all
visitor experience, with technology allowing
people with different interests to each have a
tailored experience.”
– Jim Richardson, Founder of Museum Next and Sumo Design
Source: ARUP report: Museums in the Digital Age.
http://publications.arup.com/Publications/M/Museums_in_the_digital_age.aspx

50. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZdLYFkL0rQ

51. Theproject(2013-2017)receivesfundingfromtheEuropeanCommunity’sSeventhFrameworkProgramme‘ICTforaccesstocultural
resources’(ICTCall9:FP7-ICT-2011-9)undertheGrantAgreement600851.
For some awesome
protoypes have a look at:
www.mesch-project.eu

52. ©2012Léocaillard.Tousdroitsréservés.
Kinetic
Tangible
Interactive
Context aware
Omnipresent
Conclusion: Cross media madness!
Digital content seamlessly integrated in tangible experience.

53. Archives
Museums
Libraries
Archaeology
Monuments
Audiovisual archives
Information processes
Collection descriptions
Digital preservation
Complex objects
Creative front-ends
Exploitation / re-use
Legal issues
Educational tools
Object metadata
IT-backoffice / Retrieval
Digital preservation
International standards
IT-scalability
Business models
Multimedia / AV
Exploitation
Geographic systems
Concepts vs. Objects
Visualisation
Geographic systems
Local target groups
Mobile media
Different expertises:

54. www.den.nl
@stichtingden
Monika.Lechner@den.nl
Share your knowledge on digitisation!
Thank you!