The Finnish action plan 2010-2017 aims to achieve Finland's 2020 energy targets by 2017 through concrete policy measures across major sectors accounting for 60% of energy use. It includes 31 proposals in 5 key areas: building regulation roadmap, integrated land use planning, on-site renewable energy, existing building retrofits, and R&D. The plan was prepared by a 40-person expert group led by the Minister of Housing and involved benchmarking regulations and incentives in other European countries and impact assessments of proposed measures.
Exelon Corporation at Morgan Stanley Global Electricity & Energy Conferencefinance14
This document summarizes Matthew Hilzinger's presentation at the Morgan Stanley Global Electricity & Energy Conference on April 3, 2008. Some key points include:
- Exelon is well positioned for continued strong performance in 2008 and beyond due to its large nuclear fleet and incremental cash flows.
- Generation is benefiting from improving market fundamentals.
- ComEd is progressing constructively in distribution rate case negotiations.
- Exelon is fully engaged in discussions regarding Harrisburg and poised to launch a low carbon strategy.
This document summarizes Springfield Electric's energy solutions services. It notes that 85% of businesses see reducing electricity costs as essential, yet 30% of building energy is wasted. Springfield Electric can help through lighting audits, energy audits, and an ongoing energy conservation plan with support. A case study shows how lighting upgrades at Advocate BroMenn Medical Center saved over 325,000 kWh annually, earning $23,000 in rebates and reducing energy and maintenance costs.
This document summarizes Turku's efforts towards integrated management for sustainability and climate protection. It outlines Turku's compact urban core surrounded by archipelago, woodlands, and countryside. It details Turku's climate path showing decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. It presents Turku's vision, values, and strategic steering towards sustainable development. Key implementation programs are described addressing housing, environment, competence, and residents' wellbeing. Sustainable development budgeting is implemented through joint measures and department-specific projects. Examples illustrate targets, indicators, and resources for budget measures and infrastructure projects supporting sustainability goals. Further development focuses on continuity, improvement, and full integration across the city organization and community.
In 2008, AES Tietê saw 14% growth in EBITDA and net income. It proposed dividends of R$31 million. In subsequent events, it reversed R$13 million related to a generation agreement and proposed additional dividends of R$167 million. It also resolved a dispute over another generation agreement, reversing a R$13 million provision. For 2008, AES Tietê had generation 14% above contracted levels, with contracted energy fully covered through 2015. It aims to increase investments and capacity by 15% by 2007. Overall, it demonstrated strong financial results and cash flow generation in 2008.
Exelon Corporation at Morgan Stanley Global Electricity & Energy Conferencefinance14
This document summarizes Matthew Hilzinger's presentation at the Morgan Stanley Global Electricity & Energy Conference on April 3, 2008. Some key points include:
- Exelon is well positioned for continued strong performance in 2008 and beyond due to its large nuclear fleet and incremental cash flows.
- Generation is benefiting from improving market fundamentals.
- ComEd is progressing constructively in distribution rate case negotiations.
- Exelon is fully engaged in discussions regarding Harrisburg and poised to launch a low carbon strategy.
This document summarizes Springfield Electric's energy solutions services. It notes that 85% of businesses see reducing electricity costs as essential, yet 30% of building energy is wasted. Springfield Electric can help through lighting audits, energy audits, and an ongoing energy conservation plan with support. A case study shows how lighting upgrades at Advocate BroMenn Medical Center saved over 325,000 kWh annually, earning $23,000 in rebates and reducing energy and maintenance costs.
This document summarizes Turku's efforts towards integrated management for sustainability and climate protection. It outlines Turku's compact urban core surrounded by archipelago, woodlands, and countryside. It details Turku's climate path showing decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. It presents Turku's vision, values, and strategic steering towards sustainable development. Key implementation programs are described addressing housing, environment, competence, and residents' wellbeing. Sustainable development budgeting is implemented through joint measures and department-specific projects. Examples illustrate targets, indicators, and resources for budget measures and infrastructure projects supporting sustainability goals. Further development focuses on continuity, improvement, and full integration across the city organization and community.
In 2008, AES Tietê saw 14% growth in EBITDA and net income. It proposed dividends of R$31 million. In subsequent events, it reversed R$13 million related to a generation agreement and proposed additional dividends of R$167 million. It also resolved a dispute over another generation agreement, reversing a R$13 million provision. For 2008, AES Tietê had generation 14% above contracted levels, with contracted energy fully covered through 2015. It aims to increase investments and capacity by 15% by 2007. Overall, it demonstrated strong financial results and cash flow generation in 2008.
Incentives and disincentives for Utility driven DSM in Brazilguest2563a01
This document discusses incentives and disincentives for utility-driven demand-side management programs in Brazil. It provides a brief historical overview of the legislation established to support energy efficiency programs. Key points include:
- Since the 1980s, Brazil has supported energy efficiency through programs like PROCEL, but utility interest and performance on demand management has been modest.
- In the 1990s, reforms aimed to attract private investment through privatization, and new charges on customers were created to fund energy efficiency activities.
- Laws and regulations since 1998 have mandated that utilities invest 1% of annual revenues in energy efficiency and R&D programs, with funds collected through wire charges on customers. However, rules and allowed uses of
This document discusses incentives and disincentives for utility-driven demand-side management programs in Brazil. It provides a brief historical overview of legislation establishing mandatory investments in energy efficiency by privatized utilities in Brazil since 1998. Regulations have changed the amount of funds utilities must invest and how they can be used, with more recent rules limiting marketing and supply-side programs. The document analyzes the current laws and regulations regarding energy efficiency investments and presents examples of utility programs to illustrate their engagement in energy efficiency.
This document discusses incentives and disincentives for utility-driven demand-side management programs in Brazil. It provides a brief historical overview of the legislation established to support energy efficiency programs. Key points include:
- Since the 1980s, Brazil has supported energy efficiency through programs like PROCEL, but utility interest and performance on demand management has been modest.
- In the 1990s, reforms aimed to attract private investment through privatization, and new charges on customers were created to fund energy efficiency activities.
- Laws and regulations since 1998 have mandated that utilities invest 1% of annual revenues in energy efficiency and R&D programs, with funds collected through wire charges on customers. However, rules and allowed uses of
Presentatie op Praktijkseminar Implementatie Nieuwe Wetgeving op 11 oktober 2011 in Beatrixtheater te Utrecht door Hans van Eck.
Hans van Eck heeft deze presentatie ook in Brussel gehouden over de Nederlandse aanpak.
This document provides an overview of federal tax incentives for green energy and sustainability for businesses. It lists several key questions to ask to determine eligibility for various energy tax credits and deductions. These include credits for investing in alternative energy property, purchasing electric vehicles, installing refueling property, and more. The incentives are aimed at various industries including energy producers, manufacturers, developers and utilities. The summary also notes the need to check state and local incentives which may provide additional benefits.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Sean Penrith and Duane Woik of the Earth Advantage Institute on home energy labeling. They discussed the benefits of implementing a simple "MPG label" for homes to guide homeowners and incentivize builders toward greater energy efficiency. Examples from Europe, Australia, Oregon and Washington state showed how a standardized energy performance score can quantify a home's energy use and emissions in a way that motivates upgrades. Pilot programs found that labels increased demand for efficiency improvements and allowed better comparison of homes' energy impacts. The speakers advocated for a national home labeling system that rates absolute annual energy consumption and emissions.
Tokyo Cap and Trade Program World’s First Urban Cap and Trade Scheme-NishidaICLEI
The document discusses Tokyo's cap and trade program, the first of its kind for an urban area. It aims to reduce Tokyo's emissions by 25% below 2000 levels by 2020. The program covers over 1,300 large commercial and industrial buildings, responsible for around 40% of those sectors' emissions. Facilities must reduce emissions by 6-8% in the first compliance period from 2010-2014. The program allocates emissions allowances and allows trading of excess reductions. It also allows offsets from small business reductions and renewable energy. Early results show a 13% reduction in the first year, exceeding initial targets. The document argues Tokyo's program can serve as a model for other local governments to cost-effectively reduce urban emissions
This document discusses strategies for transitioning communities to more sustainable energy systems. It begins by showing projections for increasing global temperatures if carbon dioxide levels continue rising. It then outlines some options for decarbonizing energy systems by 2030 compared to business as usual scenarios. The rest of the document discusses various policies, programs, technologies and strategies that can be implemented to promote energy efficiency and sustainable energy, including setting targets, improving building standards, developing new business models, addressing customer perceptions, and promoting technology learning and integration. The overall message is that transitioning to sustainable energy will require a combination of effective policies, efficient programs, and engaging all stakeholders.
Sitra Håkan Axelsson Vattenfall 2012-6-7Sitra Energia
Håkan Axelsson oversees Vattenfall's Sustainable Cities program, which aims to support cities in transitioning to sustainable energy use through energy solutions and coordinated internal and external work processes. The program initially focuses on cities where Vattenfall has a strong presence, such as Uppsala, Berlin, Hamburg, and Amsterdam. These cities account for around 241 TWh in total energy consumption annually, of which Vattenfall supplies around 70 TWh. The Sustainable Cities program seeks to reduce carbon emissions and support cities in achieving their sustainability goals.
Incentives and disincentives for Utility driven DSM in Brazilguest2563a01
This document discusses incentives and disincentives for utility-driven demand-side management programs in Brazil. It provides a brief historical overview of the legislation established to support energy efficiency programs. Key points include:
- Since the 1980s, Brazil has supported energy efficiency through programs like PROCEL, but utility interest and performance on demand management has been modest.
- In the 1990s, reforms aimed to attract private investment through privatization, and new charges on customers were created to fund energy efficiency activities.
- Laws and regulations since 1998 have mandated that utilities invest 1% of annual revenues in energy efficiency and R&D programs, with funds collected through wire charges on customers. However, rules and allowed uses of
This document discusses incentives and disincentives for utility-driven demand-side management programs in Brazil. It provides a brief historical overview of legislation establishing mandatory investments in energy efficiency by privatized utilities in Brazil since 1998. Regulations have changed the amount of funds utilities must invest and how they can be used, with more recent rules limiting marketing and supply-side programs. The document analyzes the current laws and regulations regarding energy efficiency investments and presents examples of utility programs to illustrate their engagement in energy efficiency.
This document discusses incentives and disincentives for utility-driven demand-side management programs in Brazil. It provides a brief historical overview of the legislation established to support energy efficiency programs. Key points include:
- Since the 1980s, Brazil has supported energy efficiency through programs like PROCEL, but utility interest and performance on demand management has been modest.
- In the 1990s, reforms aimed to attract private investment through privatization, and new charges on customers were created to fund energy efficiency activities.
- Laws and regulations since 1998 have mandated that utilities invest 1% of annual revenues in energy efficiency and R&D programs, with funds collected through wire charges on customers. However, rules and allowed uses of
Presentatie op Praktijkseminar Implementatie Nieuwe Wetgeving op 11 oktober 2011 in Beatrixtheater te Utrecht door Hans van Eck.
Hans van Eck heeft deze presentatie ook in Brussel gehouden over de Nederlandse aanpak.
This document provides an overview of federal tax incentives for green energy and sustainability for businesses. It lists several key questions to ask to determine eligibility for various energy tax credits and deductions. These include credits for investing in alternative energy property, purchasing electric vehicles, installing refueling property, and more. The incentives are aimed at various industries including energy producers, manufacturers, developers and utilities. The summary also notes the need to check state and local incentives which may provide additional benefits.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Sean Penrith and Duane Woik of the Earth Advantage Institute on home energy labeling. They discussed the benefits of implementing a simple "MPG label" for homes to guide homeowners and incentivize builders toward greater energy efficiency. Examples from Europe, Australia, Oregon and Washington state showed how a standardized energy performance score can quantify a home's energy use and emissions in a way that motivates upgrades. Pilot programs found that labels increased demand for efficiency improvements and allowed better comparison of homes' energy impacts. The speakers advocated for a national home labeling system that rates absolute annual energy consumption and emissions.
Tokyo Cap and Trade Program World’s First Urban Cap and Trade Scheme-NishidaICLEI
The document discusses Tokyo's cap and trade program, the first of its kind for an urban area. It aims to reduce Tokyo's emissions by 25% below 2000 levels by 2020. The program covers over 1,300 large commercial and industrial buildings, responsible for around 40% of those sectors' emissions. Facilities must reduce emissions by 6-8% in the first compliance period from 2010-2014. The program allocates emissions allowances and allows trading of excess reductions. It also allows offsets from small business reductions and renewable energy. Early results show a 13% reduction in the first year, exceeding initial targets. The document argues Tokyo's program can serve as a model for other local governments to cost-effectively reduce urban emissions
This document discusses strategies for transitioning communities to more sustainable energy systems. It begins by showing projections for increasing global temperatures if carbon dioxide levels continue rising. It then outlines some options for decarbonizing energy systems by 2030 compared to business as usual scenarios. The rest of the document discusses various policies, programs, technologies and strategies that can be implemented to promote energy efficiency and sustainable energy, including setting targets, improving building standards, developing new business models, addressing customer perceptions, and promoting technology learning and integration. The overall message is that transitioning to sustainable energy will require a combination of effective policies, efficient programs, and engaging all stakeholders.
Sitra Håkan Axelsson Vattenfall 2012-6-7Sitra Energia
Håkan Axelsson oversees Vattenfall's Sustainable Cities program, which aims to support cities in transitioning to sustainable energy use through energy solutions and coordinated internal and external work processes. The program initially focuses on cities where Vattenfall has a strong presence, such as Uppsala, Berlin, Hamburg, and Amsterdam. These cities account for around 241 TWh in total energy consumption annually, of which Vattenfall supplies around 70 TWh. The Sustainable Cities program seeks to reduce carbon emissions and support cities in achieving their sustainability goals.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
4. REHVA benchmarking:
• Roadmap of some
countries towards
nearly zero energy
buildings to improve
energy performance
of new buildings
• Many countries have
prepared long term
roadmaps with
detailed targets
• Helps industry to
prepare/commit to
the targets
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
5. REHVA benchmarking study: incentives
DE IT FR Hu BE SE
Summary
Table of Incentives
YEAR 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
Direct Funding of Energy
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Stopped
Repairs
FINANCIAL
Financial Help for Low-Income
Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Households
Green Loans / Soft Loans Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Third Party Financing Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Stopped
Tax Deduction Yes Yes No Yes Yes
TAXES
(2009)
Labour
Lower VAT on Labour and
Stopping Materials & No Labour n.a.
Materials Material
TECHNOLOG
Subsidies on Sustainable
Y SPECIFIC
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Energy Devices
n.a.
per kWh (€/kWh) Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Feed-in Tariffs
n.a.
Green Certificates No Yes Yes Yes Yes
OTHERS
Rent Indexation
n.a. n.a. n.a. No n.a. No
(Owner-Renter Balance)1
1 Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
At this moment, the sole case of rent indexation has been found in the Netherlands.
6. REHVA benchmarking study
Reported national practices and trends, some findings:
• the new building regulation applied on renovations in most of
countries, but in different ways, in some countries almost all
requirements apply for major renovations
• innovative systems (such as demand controlled systems or
ground loop systems etc.) difficult to handle/ not yet included
in “official” calculation process
• calculation procedures based mainly on national methods,
dynamic calculation accepted in some countries
• most of the countries use primary energy in definition of
energy performance in [kWh/m²,a] – EPBD has established a
common methodology
• still many differences in details of energy calculation frame:
boundaries, reference building approaches, calculation rules…
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations