This study examined the influence of marital status on obesity in Greek adults using data from the First National Epidemiological Study on the Prevalence of Obesity in Greece. The study analyzed 7,170 males and 8,174 females grouped by age (20-35, 36-50, >50) and marital status (single, married, divorced, widowed). Results showed that among males aged 20-35, singles had a significantly higher BMI than married individuals. No significant differences were found between marital status groups for males aged 36-50 or >50, or for females in any age group. Waist circumference also differed significantly between single and married males aged 20-35, but not in other age or gender groups.
Daily consumption of bread enriched with 3g of beta-glucan from oats for 3 weeks significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, compared to a control group. The beta-glucan group saw a 24.5 mg/dl reduction in total cholesterol and a 19.7 mg/dl reduction in LDL cholesterol. HbA1c levels also significantly decreased in the beta-glucan group but not the control group, indicating improved glycemic control. No significant changes were seen in HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels between the groups.
SGPT/ALT levels are positively correlated with insulin resistance in overweight and obese individuals of both sexes, regardless of factors like age, BMI, ferritin, body fat distribution, or diabetes status. SGPT/ALT levels also correlate positively with serum ferritin levels in overweight/obese males and females. The study examined 601 overweight/obese subjects, finding SGPT levels differed between quartiles of insulin resistance, sensitivity, and secretion indices for both sexes. Higher SGPT associated with greater insulin, insulin resistance, and ferritin.
This study examined the relationship between gamma-GT levels and measures of body weight and fat distribution in 604 overweight and obese individuals. The results showed that higher gamma-GT levels were associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, and visceral fat percentage in both males and females. These relationships remained significant when analyzing subgroups of individuals with usual alcohol consumption and non-diabetic individuals.
El documento resume la historia de la filosofía dividiéndola en cuatro etapas: la antigua, medieval, moderna y contemporánea. En la antigua se preocuparon por estudiar la naturaleza y las ciencias estaban vinculadas a la filosofía. Los presocráticos buscaron el principio originario de todas las cosas y surgieron escuelas como la jónica, pitagórica y eleática. Los sofistas criticaron pensamientos anteriores y se enfocaron en el ser humano.
La filosofía surgió en Grecia en el siglo VII a.C. cuando los griegos empezaron a hacer preguntas sobre el origen y naturaleza del mundo, buscando explicaciones para los fenómenos naturales que los asombraban. La filosofía se define como el amor a la sabiduría y busca entender el universo a través de la reflexión racional. Aborda temas como la lógica, la antropología, la ética y la metafísica mediante un enfoque universal que busca principios fundamentales.
Daily consumption of bread enriched with 3g of beta-glucan from oats for 3 weeks significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, compared to a control group. The beta-glucan group saw a 24.5 mg/dl reduction in total cholesterol and a 19.7 mg/dl reduction in LDL cholesterol. HbA1c levels also significantly decreased in the beta-glucan group but not the control group, indicating improved glycemic control. No significant changes were seen in HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels between the groups.
SGPT/ALT levels are positively correlated with insulin resistance in overweight and obese individuals of both sexes, regardless of factors like age, BMI, ferritin, body fat distribution, or diabetes status. SGPT/ALT levels also correlate positively with serum ferritin levels in overweight/obese males and females. The study examined 601 overweight/obese subjects, finding SGPT levels differed between quartiles of insulin resistance, sensitivity, and secretion indices for both sexes. Higher SGPT associated with greater insulin, insulin resistance, and ferritin.
This study examined the relationship between gamma-GT levels and measures of body weight and fat distribution in 604 overweight and obese individuals. The results showed that higher gamma-GT levels were associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, and visceral fat percentage in both males and females. These relationships remained significant when analyzing subgroups of individuals with usual alcohol consumption and non-diabetic individuals.
El documento resume la historia de la filosofía dividiéndola en cuatro etapas: la antigua, medieval, moderna y contemporánea. En la antigua se preocuparon por estudiar la naturaleza y las ciencias estaban vinculadas a la filosofía. Los presocráticos buscaron el principio originario de todas las cosas y surgieron escuelas como la jónica, pitagórica y eleática. Los sofistas criticaron pensamientos anteriores y se enfocaron en el ser humano.
La filosofía surgió en Grecia en el siglo VII a.C. cuando los griegos empezaron a hacer preguntas sobre el origen y naturaleza del mundo, buscando explicaciones para los fenómenos naturales que los asombraban. La filosofía se define como el amor a la sabiduría y busca entender el universo a través de la reflexión racional. Aborda temas como la lógica, la antropología, la ética y la metafísica mediante un enfoque universal que busca principios fundamentales.
This document provides a proposal for the Yongsan Way housing development in Seoul, South Korea. The proposal aims to address housing issues like affordability, density, and diversity. At the building scale, it deploys bar and tower typologies to efficiently house diverse communities. Vertical community spaces in buildings provide recreation and services. Each residential building sits atop a mixed-use podium for retail and public space. A raised systems corridor and park are proposed to tie the district together sustainably while integrating nature. The plan fosters age-diverse, affordable communities with connected public spaces and minimized car dependence.
This document discusses a housing development project called Yongsan Way that aims to address the housing crisis for the aging population in Seoul. The project team from the University of Michigan developed a design approach that incorporates universal design principles, senior housing needs, and sustainability to create affordable and accessible housing units for seniors. A table of contents is included that outlines the introduction, project statement, design approach, and sections on universal design, housing needs, and sustainability.
The document outlines a postulate of diversity endorsed by a teacher preparation program's faculty. The postulate defines diversity as acceptance and respect for individuals' uniqueness across dimensions including race, gender, sexuality, beliefs, abilities and more. The goal is for individuals to understand and celebrate diversity within each person rather than just tolerate differences.
Identifying the rhetorical tools of ethos, logosmonamars
The document discusses the three main rhetorical tools of ethos, logos, and pathos. Ethos refers to the credibility and expertise of the speaker or author. Logos involves using facts, statistics, examples, and evidence to support arguments. Pathos appeals to emotions through stories, humor, or tragic examples. These rhetorical devices are commonly used together and are found everywhere in advertisements, speeches, news media, and other forms of persuasion that people encounter daily.
John Ngo's portfolio summary includes:
1) He has experience in user-centered design, communicating technical and non-technical concepts to teams, and strong front-end and back-end development skills.
2) He is fluent in documenting research, creating polished deliverables, and interactive prototypes for usability testing and development teams.
3) He is confident in communicating ideas through user research, content strategy, information architecture, interface design, prototyping, usability testing, and web, print, and system design.
Workforce Needs of the California Solar IndustryJoel West
An April 19, 2011 webinar hosted by SolarTech, featuring SJSU faculty Meg Virick and Joel West; reported results from the first employer survey of the SJSU Solar Workforce Project
From Silos to Legos presents a new healthcare delivery paradigm that moves away from the traditional siloed approach. The current system operates like separate silos that don't communicate, but the new paradigm envisions a more integrated approach where all parts work together like interlocking Lego blocks. This aims to improve care coordination and reduce waste. The presentation discusses how policies and programs can help dismantle silos and build more connections between different areas of the healthcare system.
This document provides an overview of the Lean Business Model, which was developed based on research of Toyota's operations. The Lean Business Model framework gives organizations a way to create their own Lean business system by focusing on five elements: strategy deployment, value stream management, tools and techniques, people-enabled processes, and extending these practices throughout the extended enterprise/supply chain. The goal is to make lean thinking a way of life and continuously improve processes to maximize customer value and minimize waste.
The document provides an overview of the Lean Business Model, which was developed based on research of Toyota's practices. The model gives organizations a framework for creating their own Lean Business System. It focuses on making Lean Thinking a way of life and identifies the key elements needed for a successful Lean transformation, including strategy deployment, value stream management, tools and techniques, people-enabled processes, and extending Lean thinking throughout the supply chain. The Lean Business Model serves as both a blueprint for creating a Lean system and a basis for assessing an organization's Lean maturity.
This document provides an overview of the Lean Business Model, which was developed based on research of Toyota's operations. The Lean Business Model framework gives organizations a way to create their own Lean Business System. It focuses on making Lean Thinking a way of life to reap benefits. The model includes elements like Strategy Deployment, Value Stream Management, Tools and Techniques, People Enabled Processes, and working within the Extended Enterprise to eliminate waste across organizational boundaries in the supply chain. Using this approach provides a Lean roadmap tailored to each individual organization.
The document provides an overview of the Lean Business Model, which was developed based on research of Toyota's practices. The model gives organizations a framework for creating their own Lean Business System. It focuses on making Lean Thinking a way of life and identifies the key elements needed for a successful Lean transformation, including strategy deployment, value stream management, tools and techniques, people-enabled processes, and extending Lean thinking throughout the supply chain. The Lean Business Model serves as both a blueprint for creating a Lean system and a basis for assessing an organization's Lean maturity.
Creative Biolabs is skilled in NGS-based cancer research. We support one-stop cancer research services based on a variety of sequencing technologies. Our whole gene sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) platforms enable us to comprehensively analyze and identify known and unknown cancer gene mutations. Besides, we also provide high-quality target sequencing services, allowing us to analyze several or even hundreds of target gene mutations economically and effectively. Our services will facilitate our customers’ cancer research including cancer diagnosis and treatment.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/suprecision/genetic-testing-for-cancer.htm
The document is a musical score for an easy swing song. It contains lyrics and musical notation across two pages. The lyrics celebrate swinging to jazz music and feeling like dancing. They describe enjoying coffee or "swinging the night away". The score provides the musical accompaniment for singing the lyrics.
This document discusses ChapDrive, a company that develops hydraulic transmissions for wind turbines. It provides a brief history of the company, noting that it was established in 2006 and is based in Norway and Denmark. It also lists ChapDrive's shareholders. Additionally, the document outlines ChapDrive's position in the wind turbine value chain as a supplier to turbine manufacturers. Finally, it projects strong long-term growth in the global wind power market, representing a substantial business opportunity for drive train suppliers like ChapDrive.
The project analyzed and measured the Individual Mobilization Augmentee (IMA) and Reserves reenlistment and extension process. Key improvements included reducing the number of extension steps by 90% and standardizing the process through a new Standard Operating Procedure. This led to quicker monitoring, identification, and accession of qualified reenlistees.
The project analyzed and measured the Individual Mobilization Augmentee (IMA) and Reserves reenlistment and extension process. Key improvements included reducing the number of extension steps by 90% and standardizing the process through a new Standard Operating Procedure. This led to quicker monitoring, identification, and accession of qualified reenlistees.
The document appears to be sheet music containing musical notation. It includes various symbols such as notes, rests, and dynamics. The sheet music seems to be for a violin part in a musical piece titled "Hear Our Prayer" and is labeled as the "Violin II" part.
This document provides a map of neighborhoods in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The map shows the boundaries and names of many neighborhoods across the city. Key non-residential areas like parks and colleges are also labeled on the map.
La Comunidad DBA Verde comparte gustosamente el libro Blu Planet Run, un trabajo creado por Rick Smolan y Jennifer Erwitt, donde Robert Redford nos introduce a un exquisito material que recopila imágenes y texto en pro de la carrera para proporcionar agua potable para el mundo.
This study examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and abdominal obesity in Greek adolescents. The results showed that alcohol consumption was related to abdominal obesity in adolescent boys, with moderate drinking (1-150 g/week) associated with lower waist-to-hip ratios, but no such relationship was found in girls. The study concluded that while boys drink more alcohol than girls in Greece, moderate alcohol intake may reduce abdominal obesity risk in boys but not girls.
This document provides a proposal for the Yongsan Way housing development in Seoul, South Korea. The proposal aims to address housing issues like affordability, density, and diversity. At the building scale, it deploys bar and tower typologies to efficiently house diverse communities. Vertical community spaces in buildings provide recreation and services. Each residential building sits atop a mixed-use podium for retail and public space. A raised systems corridor and park are proposed to tie the district together sustainably while integrating nature. The plan fosters age-diverse, affordable communities with connected public spaces and minimized car dependence.
This document discusses a housing development project called Yongsan Way that aims to address the housing crisis for the aging population in Seoul. The project team from the University of Michigan developed a design approach that incorporates universal design principles, senior housing needs, and sustainability to create affordable and accessible housing units for seniors. A table of contents is included that outlines the introduction, project statement, design approach, and sections on universal design, housing needs, and sustainability.
The document outlines a postulate of diversity endorsed by a teacher preparation program's faculty. The postulate defines diversity as acceptance and respect for individuals' uniqueness across dimensions including race, gender, sexuality, beliefs, abilities and more. The goal is for individuals to understand and celebrate diversity within each person rather than just tolerate differences.
Identifying the rhetorical tools of ethos, logosmonamars
The document discusses the three main rhetorical tools of ethos, logos, and pathos. Ethos refers to the credibility and expertise of the speaker or author. Logos involves using facts, statistics, examples, and evidence to support arguments. Pathos appeals to emotions through stories, humor, or tragic examples. These rhetorical devices are commonly used together and are found everywhere in advertisements, speeches, news media, and other forms of persuasion that people encounter daily.
John Ngo's portfolio summary includes:
1) He has experience in user-centered design, communicating technical and non-technical concepts to teams, and strong front-end and back-end development skills.
2) He is fluent in documenting research, creating polished deliverables, and interactive prototypes for usability testing and development teams.
3) He is confident in communicating ideas through user research, content strategy, information architecture, interface design, prototyping, usability testing, and web, print, and system design.
Workforce Needs of the California Solar IndustryJoel West
An April 19, 2011 webinar hosted by SolarTech, featuring SJSU faculty Meg Virick and Joel West; reported results from the first employer survey of the SJSU Solar Workforce Project
From Silos to Legos presents a new healthcare delivery paradigm that moves away from the traditional siloed approach. The current system operates like separate silos that don't communicate, but the new paradigm envisions a more integrated approach where all parts work together like interlocking Lego blocks. This aims to improve care coordination and reduce waste. The presentation discusses how policies and programs can help dismantle silos and build more connections between different areas of the healthcare system.
This document provides an overview of the Lean Business Model, which was developed based on research of Toyota's operations. The Lean Business Model framework gives organizations a way to create their own Lean business system by focusing on five elements: strategy deployment, value stream management, tools and techniques, people-enabled processes, and extending these practices throughout the extended enterprise/supply chain. The goal is to make lean thinking a way of life and continuously improve processes to maximize customer value and minimize waste.
The document provides an overview of the Lean Business Model, which was developed based on research of Toyota's practices. The model gives organizations a framework for creating their own Lean Business System. It focuses on making Lean Thinking a way of life and identifies the key elements needed for a successful Lean transformation, including strategy deployment, value stream management, tools and techniques, people-enabled processes, and extending Lean thinking throughout the supply chain. The Lean Business Model serves as both a blueprint for creating a Lean system and a basis for assessing an organization's Lean maturity.
This document provides an overview of the Lean Business Model, which was developed based on research of Toyota's operations. The Lean Business Model framework gives organizations a way to create their own Lean Business System. It focuses on making Lean Thinking a way of life to reap benefits. The model includes elements like Strategy Deployment, Value Stream Management, Tools and Techniques, People Enabled Processes, and working within the Extended Enterprise to eliminate waste across organizational boundaries in the supply chain. Using this approach provides a Lean roadmap tailored to each individual organization.
The document provides an overview of the Lean Business Model, which was developed based on research of Toyota's practices. The model gives organizations a framework for creating their own Lean Business System. It focuses on making Lean Thinking a way of life and identifies the key elements needed for a successful Lean transformation, including strategy deployment, value stream management, tools and techniques, people-enabled processes, and extending Lean thinking throughout the supply chain. The Lean Business Model serves as both a blueprint for creating a Lean system and a basis for assessing an organization's Lean maturity.
Creative Biolabs is skilled in NGS-based cancer research. We support one-stop cancer research services based on a variety of sequencing technologies. Our whole gene sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) platforms enable us to comprehensively analyze and identify known and unknown cancer gene mutations. Besides, we also provide high-quality target sequencing services, allowing us to analyze several or even hundreds of target gene mutations economically and effectively. Our services will facilitate our customers’ cancer research including cancer diagnosis and treatment.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/suprecision/genetic-testing-for-cancer.htm
The document is a musical score for an easy swing song. It contains lyrics and musical notation across two pages. The lyrics celebrate swinging to jazz music and feeling like dancing. They describe enjoying coffee or "swinging the night away". The score provides the musical accompaniment for singing the lyrics.
This document discusses ChapDrive, a company that develops hydraulic transmissions for wind turbines. It provides a brief history of the company, noting that it was established in 2006 and is based in Norway and Denmark. It also lists ChapDrive's shareholders. Additionally, the document outlines ChapDrive's position in the wind turbine value chain as a supplier to turbine manufacturers. Finally, it projects strong long-term growth in the global wind power market, representing a substantial business opportunity for drive train suppliers like ChapDrive.
The project analyzed and measured the Individual Mobilization Augmentee (IMA) and Reserves reenlistment and extension process. Key improvements included reducing the number of extension steps by 90% and standardizing the process through a new Standard Operating Procedure. This led to quicker monitoring, identification, and accession of qualified reenlistees.
The project analyzed and measured the Individual Mobilization Augmentee (IMA) and Reserves reenlistment and extension process. Key improvements included reducing the number of extension steps by 90% and standardizing the process through a new Standard Operating Procedure. This led to quicker monitoring, identification, and accession of qualified reenlistees.
The document appears to be sheet music containing musical notation. It includes various symbols such as notes, rests, and dynamics. The sheet music seems to be for a violin part in a musical piece titled "Hear Our Prayer" and is labeled as the "Violin II" part.
This document provides a map of neighborhoods in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The map shows the boundaries and names of many neighborhoods across the city. Key non-residential areas like parks and colleges are also labeled on the map.
La Comunidad DBA Verde comparte gustosamente el libro Blu Planet Run, un trabajo creado por Rick Smolan y Jennifer Erwitt, donde Robert Redford nos introduce a un exquisito material que recopila imágenes y texto en pro de la carrera para proporcionar agua potable para el mundo.
This study examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and abdominal obesity in Greek adolescents. The results showed that alcohol consumption was related to abdominal obesity in adolescent boys, with moderate drinking (1-150 g/week) associated with lower waist-to-hip ratios, but no such relationship was found in girls. The study concluded that while boys drink more alcohol than girls in Greece, moderate alcohol intake may reduce abdominal obesity risk in boys but not girls.
This study examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and abdominal obesity in the Greek population. Data was collected through a national survey on obesity in Greece. The results showed that waist-to-hip ratio, a measure of abdominal obesity, was associated with alcohol consumption in men but not women. Higher alcohol intake was linked to greater abdominal obesity in Greek men. The findings suggest that alcohol consumption may contribute differently to abdominal fat accumulation between sexes.
1) This study examined smoking habits and body weight in Greek adults using data from a national epidemiological survey on obesity prevalence in Greece.
2) The results showed that Greek males had higher smoking rates than females overall and in different age groups.
3) Contrary to expectations, smoking habits were not correlated with obesity indices except waist circumference in male smokers, which was related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
This document summarizes the results of a survey on Greek population's knowledge of obesity. The survey found that most people see obesity as a health problem rather than an appearance issue and are aware of exercise and diet as ways to prevent it. However, many do not seek help from medical professionals for weight loss and are not familiar with the Hellenic Medical Association for Obesity. The conclusion is that more public education is needed on obesity and the resources available to address it.
This study examined insulin resistance and cytokine levels in overweight women with breast cancer before and after chemotherapy. Before chemotherapy, patients had higher insulin resistance, insulin levels, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 levels compared to controls. After 6 months of successful chemotherapy, patients' post-meal insulin levels were significantly lower, suggesting chemotherapy reduced the malignancy's effect on insulin resistance. Higher BMI was also correlated with greater insulin response both before and after chemotherapy, revealing chemotherapy did not alter the relationship between BMI and insulin resistance.
This study examined the relationship between body fat distribution, androgenic activity, and other clinical factors in 198 obese Greek men. The results showed that central fat distribution, reflected by a higher sagittal abdominal diameter, was correlated with lower blood testosterone levels. However, the free androgen index, a measure of bioavailable testosterone, was not correlated with measures of body weight or fat distribution, but was influenced by age and circulating T3 levels. The conclusions were that central obesity is linked to lower testosterone levels, but androgenic activity is independent of fat distribution and body weight in obese men.
1) This study examined body weight changes in 145 patients with primary hypothyroidism before and after 6 months and 18 months of replacement therapy.
2) Before treatment, patients had high average BMI of 29.3 and 73.8% were overweight or obese. Hypothyroidism severity did not correlate with BMI.
3) After 6 months of treatment, patients lost an average of 1.55kg but by 18 months the average weight loss was only 0.57kg and not statistically significant.
4) The study concludes that while hypothyroidism may contribute to weight gain, long-term replacement therapy results in negligible weight loss and difficulty achieving significant weight loss
1) Weight loss increases the risk of gallstone disease in women more than obesity alone.
2) The risk increases based on the total amount of weight lost, with losing more than 10 kg at least once carrying the highest risk.
3) The study investigated the risk factors of obesity, weight loss regimens, age, and gender on gallstone disease by separating 1632 females into groups based on these criteria and measuring gallstone prevalence.
Moderate alcohol intake does not influence resting energy expenditure. A study of 48 subjects with moderate weekly alcohol intake found no significant difference in resting metabolic rate or calories burned per kg of fat-free mass compared to controls after correcting for variables like age, sex, smoking and coffee consumption. While males with alcohol intake had a slightly higher rate, the difference was small and not clinically significant. The study concludes moderate alcohol intake does not have a permanent effect on increasing resting energy expenditure.
1) The study compares body fat distribution between diabetic and non-diabetic persons aged 50-65 using the Conicity Index formula.
2) Diabetic persons, both male and female, had higher Conicity Index and WHR values, indicating more abdominal obesity compared to non-diabetic controls.
3) The Conicity Index was closely correlated with WHR for both diabetic and non-diabetic groups, suggesting it is a valid alternative to WHR for assessing abdominal fat distribution.
This study investigated the influence of thyroid hormone levels on resting metabolic rate (RMR) in 80 non-diabetic, euthyroid females ranging from 13-74 years old. Thyroid hormone levels including TT4, TT3, TSH, and the change in TSH after TRH administration were measured. Regression analysis found RMR was significantly correlated with weight, age, and TT3 levels, but not other thyroid hormones. Specifically, every 1 ng/dl increase in TT3 was associated with a 2.7 kcal/24h increase in RMR. The study concluded that even minor deviations in thyroid hormones within the normal range can influence RMR in euthyroid women.
This study examined the susceptibility to obesity in 955 Greek females based on family history and age of onset. It found that females with an obese mother or two obese parents had higher BMIs and were at greater risk of obesity. Most participants first became obese during childhood/adolescence or before age 25. The conclusions were that females with a strong family history of obesity, particularly an obese mother, are at high risk and prevention strategies should target those ages.
1. Influence of Marital Status on Obesity
in Greek Adults
Data from the first National Epidemiological Study on the
Prevalence of Obesity in Greece
Chala E, Mortoglou A, Ioannidis I, Kaklamanou M,
Tzotzas T, Kaklamanos I, Kapantais E.
Hellenic Medical Association for Obesity (HMAO), Athens,
Greece.
2. Introduction
Socioeconomic factors, such as occupation, educational
status, smoking habits etc, have been related to obesity.
Marriage, through the many new parameters in a person’s
life, is a factor that has also been often related to obesity.
Most studies have shown that married persons are heavier
than single ones. However, other studies explore further the
factors behind marital status that influence body weight, such
as age, change in dietary habits, change in exercise habits,
marriage satisfaction or dissatisfaction, childbearing etc.
3. Aim
Aim of our study was to explore the influence of
marital status on body weight and on body fat distribution
as expressed by waist circumference, in Greek adults.
Data were drawn from the First National Epidemiological
Study on the Prevalence of Obesity in Greece.
4. Subjects-Methods
From 17403 adults representing the Greek population,
7170 males and 8174 females were extracted
and analyzed as having complete records.
They were:
a) subjected to anthropometric measurements:
weight
for calculation of body mass index
height
waist circumference
b) grouped according to marital status:
single, married, divorced, widowed
c) grouped according to age
20-35, 36-50, >50
d) Alcohol consumption was estimated as g of alcohol/week
6. MALES
20-35 35-50 >50
(n=792) (n=4892) (n=1486)
Single
613 (77.4%) 75 (1.5%) 29 (1.9%)
N (%)
Married
165 (20.8%) 4708 (96.2%) 1380(92.8%)
N (%)
Divorced
11 (1.4%) 86 (1.8%) 12 (0.8%)
N (%)
Widowed
3 (0.4%) 23 (0.5%) 65 (4.4%)
N (%)
7. FEMALES
20-35 35-50 >50
(n=1825) (n=5419) (n=930)
Single
456 (24.9%) 49 (0.9%) 20 (2.1%)
N (%)
Married
1263 (69.2%) 5068 (93.5%) 569 (61.2%)
N (%)
Divorced 90 (4.9%) 198 (3.6%) 19 (2.0%)
N (%)
Widowed 16 (0.9%) 104 (1.9%) 322 (34.6%)
N (%)
8. Results
20-35 36-50 51+
60
50
40
30
20
n=613 n=165 n=11 n=3 n=75 n=4708
n=86 n=23 n=29 n=1380
n=12 n=64
single married divorsed widowed single married divorsed widowed single married divorsed widowed
Marital Status Marital Status Marital Status
F=8.801, p=0.000 No significant difference No significant difference
Single - Married: p=0.000
BMI according to marital status groups in the different age groups
9. Results
20-35 36-50 51+
175
150
Waist Circum ference
125
100
75
n=613 n=165 n=11 n=3 n=75
n=4708
n=86 n=23 n=29
n=1380
n=12 n=64
single married divorsed widowed single married divorsed widowed single married divorsed widowed
Marital Status Marital Status Marital Status
F=7.694, p=0.000 No significant difference No significant difference
Single - Married: p=0.000
Single - Divorced: p=0.008
Waist circumference according to marital status groups
in the different age groups
10. Results
20-35 36-50 51+
60
50
40
BMI
30
20
n=456 n=1263 n=90 n=16 n=49 n=5068 n=198 n=104 n=20 n=569 n=19 n=322
single married divorsed widowed single married divorsed widowed single married divorsed widowed
Marital Status Marital Status Marital Status
F=13.667, p=0.000 No significant difference F=3.065, p=0.027
Single - Married: p=0.000 Single - Widowed: p=0.018
Married - Widowed: p=0.035
BMI according to marital status groups in the different age groups
11. Results
20-35 36-50 51+
175
Waist Circumfe rence
150
125
100
75
n=456 n=1263 n=90 n=16 n=49 n=5068 n=198 n=104 n=20 n=569 n=19 n=322
single married divorsed widowed single married divorsed widowed single married divorsed widowed
Marital Status Marital Status Marital Status
F=17.209, p=0.000 No significant difference No significant difference
Single-Married: p=0.000
Single-Divorced: p=0.001
Single-Widowed: p=0.005
Waist circumference according to marital status groups
in the different age groups
12. MALES
MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS WITH MARITAL STATUS
AS DUMMY VARIABLE AND CATEGORY “SINGLE”
AS CATEGORY OF REFERENCE
Dependent variable: Waist (cm)
Independent variables: age (ys)
alcohol consumption (g/week)
marital status
Beta p
Age 0.009 0.469
Alcohol 0.038 0.001
Divorced 0.072 0.000
Widowed 0.055 0.000
Married 0.187 0.000
F= 44.502, p= 0.000
13. FEMALES
MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS WITH MARITAL
STATUS
AS DUMMY VARIABLE AND CATEGORY “SINGLE”
AS CATEGORY OF REFERENCE
Dependent variable: Waist (cm)
Independent variables: age (ys)
alcohol consumption (g/week)
marital status
Beta p
Age 0.250 0.000
Alcohol -0.011 0.304
Divorced 0.020 0.146
Widowed 0.026 0.137
Married 0.036 0.038
F=119.211, p=0.000
14. MALES
MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS WITH MARITAL
STATUS
AS DUMMY VARIABLE AND CATEGORY “SINGLE”
AS CATEGORY OF REFERENCE
Dependent variable: BMI (Kg/m2)
Independent variables: age (yrs)
alcohol consumption (g/week)
marital status
Beta p
Age 0.006 0.642
Alcohol 0.011 0.343
Divorced 0.059 0.000
Widowed 0.031 0.013
Married 0.155 0.000
F=29.142, p=0.000
15. FEMALES WITH MARITAL
MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS
STATUS
AS DUMMY VARIABLE AND CATEGORY “SINGLE”
AS CATEGORY OF REFERENCE
Dependent variable: BMI (Kg/m2)
Independent variables: age (ys)
alcohol consumption (g/week)
marital status
Beta p
Age 0.244 0.000
Alcohol -0.030 0.005
Divorced 0.015 0.277
Widowed 0.030 0.095
Married 0.047 0.006
F=118.329, p=0.000
16. Conclusions
•In males there was a significant difference both in
waist circumference and in BMI between the marital
status groups only in age group 20-35.
•In females, waist circumference differed significantly
between the marital status groups only in age group 20-35
while BMI differed significantly both in age group 20-35 and
>50.
•Multiple regression analysis revealed that in males, alcohol
consumption and marital status were important in the
prediction of waist circumference with single men having
smaller waist circumference than all the other marital status
groups and alcohol being a cause of central obesity.
17. Conclusions
•In females, age was important in the prediction of waist
circumference, while only married women had greater
waist circumference than single ones, irrespectively of age.
•In males, only marital status was important in the prediction
of BMI: divorced, widowed and married men had greater
BMI than single men.
•In females, age and alcohol positively and negatively
respectively affected BMI, while, regarding marital status,
only married women had greater BMI than single ones.
18. Suggested Bibliography
1. PM Eng, I Kawachi, G Fitzmaurice and EB Rimm.
“Effect of marital transitions on changes in dietary and
other health behaviors in US male health professionals”
J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 2005; 59: 56-62
2. A. Lipowicz, S Gronkiewicz and RM Malina. “Body mass index,
overweight and obesity in married and never married men and
women in Poland” Am J Hum Biol, 2002; 14: 468-75
3. J Sobal, B Rauschenbach, E Frongillo. “Marital status, fatness
and obesity” Soc Sci Med. 1992; 35: 915-23
4. HS Kahn, D Williamson. “The contribution of income, education
and changing marital status to weight change among US men”
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1990; 14: 1057-68