1) Bob, an ironworker, was injured on the job and claimed chronic neck pain that prevented him from working. Psychological testing found he had an exaggerated sense of virtue and honesty and greatly exaggerated reports of physical symptoms, indicating malingering.
2) The MMPI-2 validity scales L and K successfully identified 93-97% of subjects told to fake good responses, showing high scores on these scales predict exaggerated claims of health. Bob's high L and K scores suggested denying psychological issues to enhance his physical complaints.
3) Bob's profile matched criteria for malingering like discrepancies between claimed disability and medical findings, and lack of cooperation with treatment. Evidence concluded he was likely exaggerating or faking
This document discusses strategies for identifying faked or exaggerated symptoms of emotional distress in personal injury suits. It notes that while malingering is difficult to detect with certainty, several approaches can be used, including behavioral observations, interviews, reviewing records, and psychological testing - particularly using multiple validity scales on the MMPI-2 test. Though no single method is perfect, combining data from these different sources provides the best current approach for forensic psychologists to identify potential malingering when evaluating plaintiffs for personal injury claims.
El documento describe los aparatos reproductores masculino y femenino. El aparato reproductor masculino incluye los testículos, pene y otros órganos que producen y expulsan espermatozoides durante el acto sexual. El aparato reproductor femenino incluye el útero, ovarios, trompas de Falopio y vagina, y sus funciones son producir óvulos, ser fecundados por el espermatozoide y desarrollar al bebé en el útero.
O navio de transporte Beluga foi lançado ao mar pela primeira vez. O lançamento foi um sucesso e o navio flutuou pela primeira vez na água. Agora os testes finais serão realizados antes de entrar em operação.
El documento proporciona instrucciones para organizar un debate público o diálogo entre expertos. Sugieren elegir un tema controvertido de interés general, seleccionar un moderador para estructurar el debate, y formar grupos que defiendan posiciones a favor y en contra del tema. El debate debería durar alrededor de 30 minutos seguido de un diálogo con la audiencia.
The document provides an overview of mental health and mental illness for care worker assistants. It defines mental health as well-being and the ability to cope with life. It notes that 1 in 4 people experience a mental health problem each year, with anxiety and depression being most common. Common signs of mental health issues are discussed. A case study about responding to an emotional patient is presented and appropriate responses are reviewed. The presentation aims to enhance understanding of mental health to better help residents at the care home.
El documento presenta descripciones breves de varios lugares notables en todo el mundo, incluyendo París, Machu Picchu, la Estatua del Cristo Redentor, Venecia, la Playa Roja de Panjin, Dubai, el Géiser Fly, la Catedral y Mezquita de Córdoba, la playa de Ibiza, el Salar de Uyuni, Orlando, los lagos de Plitvice, la cascada blanca de Pamukkale, el lago Moraine, el Gran Agujero Azul, la Puerta al Infierno,
This document provides a checklist of everything employers need to do before, at, and after their auto-enrollment staging date. It breaks the process down into three sections - before the staging date, at the staging date, and after. For each section, it lists specific tasks employers need to complete, such as communicating with employees, assessing their workforce, choosing a pension scheme and default funds, engaging with payroll providers, and maintaining compliance and records. It emphasizes the importance of getting the planning right and knowing what needs to be done to ensure employers comply with their auto-enrollment obligations.
This document discusses strategies for identifying faked or exaggerated symptoms of emotional distress in personal injury suits. It notes that while malingering is difficult to detect with certainty, several approaches can be used, including behavioral observations, interviews, reviewing records, and psychological testing - particularly using multiple validity scales on the MMPI-2 test. Though no single method is perfect, combining data from these different sources provides the best current approach for forensic psychologists to identify potential malingering when evaluating plaintiffs for personal injury claims.
El documento describe los aparatos reproductores masculino y femenino. El aparato reproductor masculino incluye los testículos, pene y otros órganos que producen y expulsan espermatozoides durante el acto sexual. El aparato reproductor femenino incluye el útero, ovarios, trompas de Falopio y vagina, y sus funciones son producir óvulos, ser fecundados por el espermatozoide y desarrollar al bebé en el útero.
O navio de transporte Beluga foi lançado ao mar pela primeira vez. O lançamento foi um sucesso e o navio flutuou pela primeira vez na água. Agora os testes finais serão realizados antes de entrar em operação.
El documento proporciona instrucciones para organizar un debate público o diálogo entre expertos. Sugieren elegir un tema controvertido de interés general, seleccionar un moderador para estructurar el debate, y formar grupos que defiendan posiciones a favor y en contra del tema. El debate debería durar alrededor de 30 minutos seguido de un diálogo con la audiencia.
The document provides an overview of mental health and mental illness for care worker assistants. It defines mental health as well-being and the ability to cope with life. It notes that 1 in 4 people experience a mental health problem each year, with anxiety and depression being most common. Common signs of mental health issues are discussed. A case study about responding to an emotional patient is presented and appropriate responses are reviewed. The presentation aims to enhance understanding of mental health to better help residents at the care home.
El documento presenta descripciones breves de varios lugares notables en todo el mundo, incluyendo París, Machu Picchu, la Estatua del Cristo Redentor, Venecia, la Playa Roja de Panjin, Dubai, el Géiser Fly, la Catedral y Mezquita de Córdoba, la playa de Ibiza, el Salar de Uyuni, Orlando, los lagos de Plitvice, la cascada blanca de Pamukkale, el lago Moraine, el Gran Agujero Azul, la Puerta al Infierno,
This document provides a checklist of everything employers need to do before, at, and after their auto-enrollment staging date. It breaks the process down into three sections - before the staging date, at the staging date, and after. For each section, it lists specific tasks employers need to complete, such as communicating with employees, assessing their workforce, choosing a pension scheme and default funds, engaging with payroll providers, and maintaining compliance and records. It emphasizes the importance of getting the planning right and knowing what needs to be done to ensure employers comply with their auto-enrollment obligations.
O documento apresenta as estatísticas das equipes das quatro divisões de cada conferência (AFC e NFC) da NFL, incluindo vitórias, derrotas, aproveitamento, confrontos em casa e fora, contra times da própria divisão e conferência, pontos pró e contra, saldo de pontos e sequência de jogos. Os Cardinals lideram a NFC West com 11 vitórias e 2 derrotas, enquanto os Panthers estão invictos na NFC South com 13 vitórias.
Este documento presenta una tesis doctoral sobre la libertad de programación en radiodifusión. En la introducción, el autor explica el largo proceso de desarrollo de la tesis a lo largo de dos décadas y su experiencia profesional como periodista en Televisión Española. El documento consta de cinco capítulos que analizan el derecho a la información, la relación jurídico-informativa en medios audiovisuales, el concepto de libertad de programación, su ejercicio y responsabilidad. El autor defiende un modelo público
Nathan Siekierski lives in Sutton Coldfield with his wife and two children. He provides information on himself and on Jasper's, a food franchise business. Jasper's is looking for franchisees who are positive, passionate, and meet high standards. The franchise fee is £29,997 plus VAT with a total capital investment of £54,500 plus VAT. Franchisees receive training, marketing support, and an automated business management system. Franchisees can expect to earn between 15-23% profit depending on following systems and processes. Paul McMahon also introduces himself and provides similar information on the Jasper's franchise opportunity.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un embargo petrolero contra Rusia en respuesta a la invasión de Ucrania. El embargo prohibirá la mayor parte de las importaciones de petróleo ruso a la UE y se implementará de manera gradual durante los próximos seis meses. Algunos países de la UE aún dependen en gran medida del petróleo ruso y se les ha otorgado una exención temporal, pero se espera que todos los estados miembros de la UE dejen de importar petróleo ruso para fines de 2022.
Um repórter aceitou o desafio de mostrar sua viagem para Mussulo, Angola, com o objetivo de explorar a possibilidade de uma futura plantação de árvores na região.
Este documento discute diferentes grados de aprendizaje electrónico (e-learning), desde el uso principal de la enseñanza a distancia con sesiones ocasionales en el aula hasta el aprendizaje mixto o integrado que combina la enseñanza en el aula con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. El documento también indica que los programas que dependen principalmente del aula física con o sin el uso ocasional de las TIC no se consideran e-learning.
El documento describe diferentes herramientas y recursos de la Web 2.0 que pueden utilizarse en el aula, incluyendo blogs, wikis, podcasts, YouTube, Flickr, Delicious y WebQuests. Explica brevemente qué son cada uno de estos recursos, sus características principales y algunos enlaces para obtener más información. También compara las diferencias entre la Web 1.0 y la Web 2.0, y cómo esta última permite una mayor colaboración y creación de contenido entre usuarios.
Grafitti es una forma de arte urbano que a menudo se realiza de forma ilegal. Zno es un artista de grafitti que crea obras de arte coloridas y dinámicas en las calles de las ciudades. Sus diseños abstractos y geométricos aportan color y vida a los espacios urbanos grises.
Hoe ziet de ideale landingpage eruit? Tijdens het webinar krijg je een antwoord op die vraag! Meer info op: eduvision.info/landingpage
Dit webinar wordt je aangeboden door Eduvision Opleidingen.
Eduvision verzorgt opleidingen binnen een groot aantal sectoren. We hebben o.a. gewerkt voor KLM, DTG, BNN-VARA, ING, de Belastingdienst, Gemeente Amsterdam, Interpolis, Nuon en de Atlant Zorggroep. Eduvision heeft als missie om actuele kennis te delen. Niet alleen in de vorm van cursussen, maar ook met webinars, whitepapers en blogs.
Sinds 2015 is Eduvision Opleidingen aanbieder van officieel gecertificeerde Big Data opleidingen (ISO 9001 & 17024). De Big Data Academy is de plek waar jij en/of jouw werknemers opgeleid worden tot gecertificeerd Big Data specialist.
Tijdens alle cursussen van Eduvision Opleidingen staan jouw wensen en informatiebehoefte centraal. Je past de kennis toe op jouw praktijkcase en zowel Eduvision als de docenten staan volledig tot jouw beschikking.
This document discusses the differences between measuring color and measuring appearance. When measuring color, a spectrophotometer captures only the chromatic attributes related to light absorption by colorants. When measuring appearance, both chromatic attributes and geometric attributes related to gloss and texture are considered. A diffuse sphere instrument measures color consistently, while directional instruments best match human visual evaluation by excluding specular reflections. The appropriate instrument depends on whether the goal is simply to measure color or color appearance.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
El documento presenta los aparatos reproductores masculino y femenino. El aparato masculino incluye el pene, los testículos y el escroto, y su función es reproducir espermatozoides y expulsarlos durante el acto sexual. El aparato femenino incluye el útero, los ovarios y la vagina, y su función es producir óvulos y desarrollar al feto en el útero. El documento fue creado por Gisela y María Isabel para explicar estos sistemas reproductivos.
Estonia E-Residency: Country as a Service - BigchainDB & IPDB Meetup #3 - Fe...BigchainDB
BigchainDB CTO Trent McConaghy talks about the e-residency program of Estonia.
Typically “citizens” have rights -
But what rights do I have as a citizen of “the world”?
- Malingering is not technically a diagnosis according to the DSM-IV, but rather a "condition that may be a focus of clinical attention". Some defense experts imply malingering through weak terms like "possible malingering" to imply plaintiffs are faking without definitively saying so.
- An opinion of malingering should be based on objective psychological testing like the MMPI-2, which contains validity scales that can reliably detect exaggeration of symptoms for external incentives. It is the gold standard for detecting malingering.
- Defense experts who claim a plaintiff is exaggerating should be carefully cross-examined regarding the objective basis and evidence from psychological testing for such an opinion.
1) Psychological interviews alone are not sufficient to accurately determine if a litigant is exaggerating or faking psychological symptoms, as demonstrated by a classic study where normal individuals were able to successfully fake symptoms and be diagnosed with mental illness.
2) While clinical interviews provide useful information, there is no evidence that mental health professionals can rely solely on interviews to identify exaggeration without using psychological tests as well.
3) Tests such as the MMPI-2 have shown promise in assisting clinicians in accurately assessing for exaggerated or faked psychological symptoms, unlike interviews which are not scientifically validated for this purpose alone.
The document provides an overview of the MMPI-2 psychological assessment test. It discusses the test's history, development, structure, scoring, validity, typical uses, and clinical/content scales. Specifically, it notes that the MMPI-2 contains 567 true/false questions, takes 1-2 hours to complete, and provides T-scores on various scales to assess personality traits, psychopathology, and the likelihood of exaggerated or inaccurate responding. The document also outlines the 10 clinical scales and their purposes in assessing various conditions as well as validity scales used to detect inconsistent, exaggerated, or defensive responding.
Screencast-o-matic link for reviewing Ms. S results httpssc.docxgemaherd
Screencast-o-matic link for reviewing Ms. S' results: https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cFj0Yeq0KF
Results of the computer generated MMPI-2-RF for Mr. I. are as follows:
Mr. I. is a 46-year old married man who has been admitted for psychotic thoughts and assaultive behavior. Symptoms at the time of admittance include disturbed sleep, delusional thoughts, religious delusion, visual hallucinations, as well as erratic and circumstantial thinking. A prior diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder is noted. As indicated in the report, Mr. I. appears to have dispersed patterns of cognitive dysfunction. He may have memory impairments, becomes frustrated easily, does not handle stress well, and has difficulty concentrating. Mr. I. may have had thoughts or has attempted suicide and continues to be at risk as he lacks impulse control. He also reports that he believes he may be being harmed. He is suspicious of others as a result, he lacks insight and experiences interpersonal difficulties. His thought process is not typical, unrealistic, and disorganized. Impaired sensory-perceptual abilities also appears to be present. Mr. I. has difficulty controlling his behavior as he is becomes bored and restless, often times acting out. He tends to be aggressive and have mood swings, euphoria, excitability, engages in risk-taking behaviors, increased energy, and may have experienced manic or hypomanic episodes. Mr. I. appears to be opinionated, assertive, outgoing, a leader, and enjoys socializing. The report indicates Mr. I. enjoys hands-on type of activities and the outdoors. Individuals who enjoy these type of activities or careers tend to be adventurous and dislikes literary occupations. Further evaluation has been recommended for disorders related to emotional-internalizing, thoughts, and behavioral-externalizing. Suicide is a risk that requires immediate assessing. Treatment for hypomania and mood stabilization is recommended in addition to a psychological evaluation.
Evaluation of Mr. I. and Ms. S.
The psychological evaluation of Mr. I. and Ms. S. raises ethical and professional concerns regarding the interpretation of the testing and assessment data. Confidentiality of the test results and information related to the client must be kept private. When interpreting data, the psychologist must be aware of various factors including: the test taking ability, the purpose of the test, as well as various characteristics of the client that may impact the psychologists’ judgments which may cause the interpretation to be inaccurate (American Psychological Association, 2010). In addition, the psychologist should be cautious of the way the information is presented to Mr. I. and Ms. S. as to not harm, but inform the clients of the results in a professional manner and explain any further evaluations or procedures to be done.
Analysis
The MMPI-2-RF measures a variety of areas, but does not have as many questions as the original MMPI-2. The reducti ...
The document provides an overview of the MMPI-2 psychological assessment test. It discusses the test's history, development, structure, validity, clinical and content scales, and types of validity scales. The MMPI-2 is a widely used psychological test consisting of true/false questions that evaluates personality traits and psychopathology. It was developed in the 1930s and currently has 567 items that take 1-2 hours to complete.
The document discusses whether coached PTSD can be detected using the MMPI-2 personality test. It notes that some claimed cases of PTSD may be exaggerated or faked for disability claims. The MMPI-2 contains validity scales that have been shown to effectively detect exaggeration of symptoms, although coaching subjects about the scales can reduce their ability to identify faking. A study found that coaching about PTSD symptoms did not help subjects avoid detection, but coaching on MMPI-2 scales did help to some degree, although the Fp scale still identified faked PTSD reasonably well. The document recommends using the MMPI-2 to help differentiate between real and faked PTSD, especially when coaching is suspected.
The MMPI-2 is a widely used psychological assessment that was first published in 1943 and revised in 1989. It consists of 567 true/false questions and measures personality traits and psychopathology. The revision process involved updating outdated items and adding new scales. The MMPI-2 maintains good reliability and comparability to the original MMPI, while improving representation of special populations. Interpretation involves examining validity, clinical, content, and supplemental scale scores.
O documento apresenta as estatísticas das equipes das quatro divisões de cada conferência (AFC e NFC) da NFL, incluindo vitórias, derrotas, aproveitamento, confrontos em casa e fora, contra times da própria divisão e conferência, pontos pró e contra, saldo de pontos e sequência de jogos. Os Cardinals lideram a NFC West com 11 vitórias e 2 derrotas, enquanto os Panthers estão invictos na NFC South com 13 vitórias.
Este documento presenta una tesis doctoral sobre la libertad de programación en radiodifusión. En la introducción, el autor explica el largo proceso de desarrollo de la tesis a lo largo de dos décadas y su experiencia profesional como periodista en Televisión Española. El documento consta de cinco capítulos que analizan el derecho a la información, la relación jurídico-informativa en medios audiovisuales, el concepto de libertad de programación, su ejercicio y responsabilidad. El autor defiende un modelo público
Nathan Siekierski lives in Sutton Coldfield with his wife and two children. He provides information on himself and on Jasper's, a food franchise business. Jasper's is looking for franchisees who are positive, passionate, and meet high standards. The franchise fee is £29,997 plus VAT with a total capital investment of £54,500 plus VAT. Franchisees receive training, marketing support, and an automated business management system. Franchisees can expect to earn between 15-23% profit depending on following systems and processes. Paul McMahon also introduces himself and provides similar information on the Jasper's franchise opportunity.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un embargo petrolero contra Rusia en respuesta a la invasión de Ucrania. El embargo prohibirá la mayor parte de las importaciones de petróleo ruso a la UE y se implementará de manera gradual durante los próximos seis meses. Algunos países de la UE aún dependen en gran medida del petróleo ruso y se les ha otorgado una exención temporal, pero se espera que todos los estados miembros de la UE dejen de importar petróleo ruso para fines de 2022.
Um repórter aceitou o desafio de mostrar sua viagem para Mussulo, Angola, com o objetivo de explorar a possibilidade de uma futura plantação de árvores na região.
Este documento discute diferentes grados de aprendizaje electrónico (e-learning), desde el uso principal de la enseñanza a distancia con sesiones ocasionales en el aula hasta el aprendizaje mixto o integrado que combina la enseñanza en el aula con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. El documento también indica que los programas que dependen principalmente del aula física con o sin el uso ocasional de las TIC no se consideran e-learning.
El documento describe diferentes herramientas y recursos de la Web 2.0 que pueden utilizarse en el aula, incluyendo blogs, wikis, podcasts, YouTube, Flickr, Delicious y WebQuests. Explica brevemente qué son cada uno de estos recursos, sus características principales y algunos enlaces para obtener más información. También compara las diferencias entre la Web 1.0 y la Web 2.0, y cómo esta última permite una mayor colaboración y creación de contenido entre usuarios.
Grafitti es una forma de arte urbano que a menudo se realiza de forma ilegal. Zno es un artista de grafitti que crea obras de arte coloridas y dinámicas en las calles de las ciudades. Sus diseños abstractos y geométricos aportan color y vida a los espacios urbanos grises.
Hoe ziet de ideale landingpage eruit? Tijdens het webinar krijg je een antwoord op die vraag! Meer info op: eduvision.info/landingpage
Dit webinar wordt je aangeboden door Eduvision Opleidingen.
Eduvision verzorgt opleidingen binnen een groot aantal sectoren. We hebben o.a. gewerkt voor KLM, DTG, BNN-VARA, ING, de Belastingdienst, Gemeente Amsterdam, Interpolis, Nuon en de Atlant Zorggroep. Eduvision heeft als missie om actuele kennis te delen. Niet alleen in de vorm van cursussen, maar ook met webinars, whitepapers en blogs.
Sinds 2015 is Eduvision Opleidingen aanbieder van officieel gecertificeerde Big Data opleidingen (ISO 9001 & 17024). De Big Data Academy is de plek waar jij en/of jouw werknemers opgeleid worden tot gecertificeerd Big Data specialist.
Tijdens alle cursussen van Eduvision Opleidingen staan jouw wensen en informatiebehoefte centraal. Je past de kennis toe op jouw praktijkcase en zowel Eduvision als de docenten staan volledig tot jouw beschikking.
This document discusses the differences between measuring color and measuring appearance. When measuring color, a spectrophotometer captures only the chromatic attributes related to light absorption by colorants. When measuring appearance, both chromatic attributes and geometric attributes related to gloss and texture are considered. A diffuse sphere instrument measures color consistently, while directional instruments best match human visual evaluation by excluding specular reflections. The appropriate instrument depends on whether the goal is simply to measure color or color appearance.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
El documento presenta los aparatos reproductores masculino y femenino. El aparato masculino incluye el pene, los testículos y el escroto, y su función es reproducir espermatozoides y expulsarlos durante el acto sexual. El aparato femenino incluye el útero, los ovarios y la vagina, y su función es producir óvulos y desarrollar al feto en el útero. El documento fue creado por Gisela y María Isabel para explicar estos sistemas reproductivos.
Estonia E-Residency: Country as a Service - BigchainDB & IPDB Meetup #3 - Fe...BigchainDB
BigchainDB CTO Trent McConaghy talks about the e-residency program of Estonia.
Typically “citizens” have rights -
But what rights do I have as a citizen of “the world”?
- Malingering is not technically a diagnosis according to the DSM-IV, but rather a "condition that may be a focus of clinical attention". Some defense experts imply malingering through weak terms like "possible malingering" to imply plaintiffs are faking without definitively saying so.
- An opinion of malingering should be based on objective psychological testing like the MMPI-2, which contains validity scales that can reliably detect exaggeration of symptoms for external incentives. It is the gold standard for detecting malingering.
- Defense experts who claim a plaintiff is exaggerating should be carefully cross-examined regarding the objective basis and evidence from psychological testing for such an opinion.
1) Psychological interviews alone are not sufficient to accurately determine if a litigant is exaggerating or faking psychological symptoms, as demonstrated by a classic study where normal individuals were able to successfully fake symptoms and be diagnosed with mental illness.
2) While clinical interviews provide useful information, there is no evidence that mental health professionals can rely solely on interviews to identify exaggeration without using psychological tests as well.
3) Tests such as the MMPI-2 have shown promise in assisting clinicians in accurately assessing for exaggerated or faked psychological symptoms, unlike interviews which are not scientifically validated for this purpose alone.
The document provides an overview of the MMPI-2 psychological assessment test. It discusses the test's history, development, structure, scoring, validity, typical uses, and clinical/content scales. Specifically, it notes that the MMPI-2 contains 567 true/false questions, takes 1-2 hours to complete, and provides T-scores on various scales to assess personality traits, psychopathology, and the likelihood of exaggerated or inaccurate responding. The document also outlines the 10 clinical scales and their purposes in assessing various conditions as well as validity scales used to detect inconsistent, exaggerated, or defensive responding.
Screencast-o-matic link for reviewing Ms. S results httpssc.docxgemaherd
Screencast-o-matic link for reviewing Ms. S' results: https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cFj0Yeq0KF
Results of the computer generated MMPI-2-RF for Mr. I. are as follows:
Mr. I. is a 46-year old married man who has been admitted for psychotic thoughts and assaultive behavior. Symptoms at the time of admittance include disturbed sleep, delusional thoughts, religious delusion, visual hallucinations, as well as erratic and circumstantial thinking. A prior diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder is noted. As indicated in the report, Mr. I. appears to have dispersed patterns of cognitive dysfunction. He may have memory impairments, becomes frustrated easily, does not handle stress well, and has difficulty concentrating. Mr. I. may have had thoughts or has attempted suicide and continues to be at risk as he lacks impulse control. He also reports that he believes he may be being harmed. He is suspicious of others as a result, he lacks insight and experiences interpersonal difficulties. His thought process is not typical, unrealistic, and disorganized. Impaired sensory-perceptual abilities also appears to be present. Mr. I. has difficulty controlling his behavior as he is becomes bored and restless, often times acting out. He tends to be aggressive and have mood swings, euphoria, excitability, engages in risk-taking behaviors, increased energy, and may have experienced manic or hypomanic episodes. Mr. I. appears to be opinionated, assertive, outgoing, a leader, and enjoys socializing. The report indicates Mr. I. enjoys hands-on type of activities and the outdoors. Individuals who enjoy these type of activities or careers tend to be adventurous and dislikes literary occupations. Further evaluation has been recommended for disorders related to emotional-internalizing, thoughts, and behavioral-externalizing. Suicide is a risk that requires immediate assessing. Treatment for hypomania and mood stabilization is recommended in addition to a psychological evaluation.
Evaluation of Mr. I. and Ms. S.
The psychological evaluation of Mr. I. and Ms. S. raises ethical and professional concerns regarding the interpretation of the testing and assessment data. Confidentiality of the test results and information related to the client must be kept private. When interpreting data, the psychologist must be aware of various factors including: the test taking ability, the purpose of the test, as well as various characteristics of the client that may impact the psychologists’ judgments which may cause the interpretation to be inaccurate (American Psychological Association, 2010). In addition, the psychologist should be cautious of the way the information is presented to Mr. I. and Ms. S. as to not harm, but inform the clients of the results in a professional manner and explain any further evaluations or procedures to be done.
Analysis
The MMPI-2-RF measures a variety of areas, but does not have as many questions as the original MMPI-2. The reducti ...
The document provides an overview of the MMPI-2 psychological assessment test. It discusses the test's history, development, structure, validity, clinical and content scales, and types of validity scales. The MMPI-2 is a widely used psychological test consisting of true/false questions that evaluates personality traits and psychopathology. It was developed in the 1930s and currently has 567 items that take 1-2 hours to complete.
The document discusses whether coached PTSD can be detected using the MMPI-2 personality test. It notes that some claimed cases of PTSD may be exaggerated or faked for disability claims. The MMPI-2 contains validity scales that have been shown to effectively detect exaggeration of symptoms, although coaching subjects about the scales can reduce their ability to identify faking. A study found that coaching about PTSD symptoms did not help subjects avoid detection, but coaching on MMPI-2 scales did help to some degree, although the Fp scale still identified faked PTSD reasonably well. The document recommends using the MMPI-2 to help differentiate between real and faked PTSD, especially when coaching is suspected.
The MMPI-2 is a widely used psychological assessment that was first published in 1943 and revised in 1989. It consists of 567 true/false questions and measures personality traits and psychopathology. The revision process involved updating outdated items and adding new scales. The MMPI-2 maintains good reliability and comparability to the original MMPI, while improving representation of special populations. Interpretation involves examining validity, clinical, content, and supplemental scale scores.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a widely used psychological test that was originally developed in 1943 to aid in diagnosing psychological disorders. It uses a self-report format with true/false questions. The revised MMPI-2 version from 1989 includes validity and personality scales in addition to the original clinical scales. The MMPI provides a comprehensive personality profile used to assess psychopathology and adjust clinical diagnoses. It requires literacy at an 8th grade level and takes an untimed administration, with no right or wrong answers.
The document summarizes a study that compared levels of burnout between employees at a mental health facility and a correctional facility. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory across three subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. 30 participants from each facility completed the inventory. The results showed that employees at the mental health facility experienced higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while employees at the corrections facility experienced lower levels of personal accomplishment. All three null hypotheses, which stated there would be no differences between facilities on each subscale, were rejected.
This document provides an overview of psychological assessment tools used to evaluate patients exhibiting behavioral symptoms. It describes:
1. Psychiatric evaluations which include taking a patient history, mental status examination, and depression rating scales.
2. Intelligence tests like the WAIS and WISC which measure a patient's innate learning potential, and achievement tests which evaluate subject mastery.
3. Objective personality tests like the MMPI and MCMI which use true/false questions, and projective tests like Rorschach and TAT which analyze patient interpretations.
MMPI is a personality inventory used in the assessment of personality. It is also used as a psychometric test as well as a diagnostic tool by clinical psychologists and counselors. Developed by Hathway & McKinley in the year 1943. It is the second most widely used personality inventory.
The MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) is a standardized questionnaire used to assess personality traits and psychopathology. It was developed in 1940 and has become the most widely used personality test, with over 10,000 research publications. The MMPI contains several clinical scales that measure traits like depression, hysteria, psychopathology, and social introversion. It also includes validity scales to detect inaccurate responding. Administration takes 1-1.5 hours and results must be interpreted by a qualified professional. The MMPI provides a standardized measure of personality and psychopathology.
minnesota multi phasic disorder with a disorder ppt.pptxAlisha Hestia
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most widely used personality test in mental health assessments. Originally developed in the 1930s, it has been revised several times with updated questions and validity scales. The MMPI uses true/false questions to measure several personality traits and psychopathologies which can help clinicians diagnose mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, and personality disorders. It is a valuable tool but must be interpreted carefully by trained professionals in conjunction with other assessments.
Psychology is the study of human behaviour. It seeks to look at the motivational drives within an individual
and offer an explanation to the behaviour that is demonstrated
Consideration of symptom validity as a routine component of forensic assessme...NZ Psychological Society
This document discusses the importance of assessing symptom validity as a routine part of forensic psychological assessments. It provides examples of response biases and incentives that could influence self-reported symptoms. The document argues that evaluating symptom validity strengthens psychological contributions to forensic settings by testing alternative hypotheses and conclusions. It also provides case examples and practice points for incorporating symptom validity assessments.
The document discusses two commonly used personality inventories: the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). The MMPI is one of the most frequently used personality tests in mental health. It has several versions including the original MMPI, MMPI-2, MMPI-A for adolescents, and the newer MMPI-2-RF. The 16PF measures 16 normal-range personality traits and 5 broad dimensions based on years of factor-analytic research. Both tests provide objective assessments of personality and psychopathology through self-report questionnaires.
This document discusses PTSD and malingering in personal injury suits. It notes that PTSD is commonly diagnosed in these cases but may be incorrectly applied. Mental health providers treating litigants may over-accept their statements and not properly consider malingering. The document recommends that experts conducting independent medical examinations spend significant time with examinees, administer validity tests like the MMPI-2, and combine multiple sources of information to make accurate diagnoses or rule out exaggeration.
Name Professor Course Date Sexual Harassment .docxroushhsiu
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Sexual Harassment Essay Outline
I. Introduction
A. Background
1. Despite ongoing public campaigns designed to prevent sexual harassment,
this destructive behavior continues to be a widespread issue in the United
States. Sexual harassment is particularly rampant on college campuses,
where 62% of female students and 61% of male students report having
been victims of this form of mistreatment, according to the AAUW
Educational Foundation. Most of the harassment is noncontact, but about
one-third of students are victims of physical harassment.
B. Thesis Statement
1. Although mass media and news outlets alike tend to shy away from the
sexual harassment problem occuring across our campuses nationwide,
universities are failing to protect their students from sexual harassment
resulting in mental health damage of both males and females in all parts of
the nation
II. Body
A. Sexual Harassment Amongst Both Genders
1. Female Sexual Harassment In Comparison
a) Statistics Regarding Harassment Committed Against
b) General Concerns Over Safety Amongst Females
2. Male Sexual Harassment In Comparison
a) Statistics Regarding Harassment Committed Against
b) Lack of Awareness That Men Can Also Experience Harassment
On College Campuses
B. Sexual Harassment Being Neglected Nationwide
1. Lack of Media Coverage & Lack of Awareness
a) Disregard Of A Widespread Issue Going On In Our Nation
b) People Not Taking Sexual Harassment Seriously/Not Being Aware
of It
2. Lack of Knowledge Regarding Universities Legal Duty to Protect
Students
a) Title XI Law of 1972
b) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
C. Sexual Harassment’s Effect on Students Experiencing It
1. Short Term Mental Effects
a) People Disregarding and Neglecting People Who Claim Sexual
Harassment Can Cause Them Insecurity and Hopelessness
b) People Tend To Blame Themselves For Being Harrassed
2. Long Term Mental Effects
a) Depression and Inability To Trust Others
b) Can Lead To Drastic Effects Like Turning To Drugs Or
Committing Suicide, It is Afterall A Form Of Bullying
III. Conclusion
A. The failure of our nations awarness and our universities inability to abide to the
law by protecting our students has resulted in many students being permanently
damaged from sexual harassment
B. We the people of the United States have gone through all the proper legal
measures in order to guarantee the youths safety when attending college
universities; yet these laws along with their $60,000 tuitions do not seem to be
enough motivation for these universities to abide to the law. Does a student need
to be found dead in the middle of the campus in order to get the message across?
Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire
Review of The Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire by MICHAEL G. KAVAN, Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Creighton University Sch ...
A Theory Of Careers And Vocational Choice Based Upon...Dana Boo
The document discusses the Holland Codes RIASEC theory of careers and vocational choice based on personality types. Psychologist John Holland developed the theory which categorizes personality into six types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. The theory uses a three-letter code to represent a client's overall personality based on their interests. Tests like the O*NET Interest Profiler and Interest-Finder use Holland's codes to assess personality types and suggest suitable careers.
A Theory Of Careers And Vocational Choice Based Upon...
2001-02-13
1. FEIGNING PAIN FOR GAIN: A Guide to Identifying
Exaggerated or Faked Physical Symptoms in Litigation
February 13, 2001
Stuart J. Clayman, Ph.D.
Licensed Psychologist
181 Lake Shore Road
Brighton, MA 02135
Tel. (617) 782-8355
Fax: (617) 254-9053
docstu@psych9.com
Introduction: "Malingering" usually refers to the situation in which an injured
person, motivated by external incentives such as money damages, purposely
exaggerates or fakes psychological symptoms. However, there is a second type
of malingering in which an individual exaggerates or fakes physical symptoms or
pain and simultaneously minimizes or denies psychological symptoms in order to
enhance the credibility of the exaggerated physical complaints. This article will
discuss the second type of malingering.
Composite Case Study: “Bob”, a 35 year old ironworker was injured at work
when he tripped on an I-beam and fell. He was taken by ambulance to a local
hospital and was evaluated in the Emergency Room. He reportedly sustained
significant physical injuries but he was treated and released without being
admitted. He was given discharge diagnoses of severe lacerations on his arms
and legs and neck sprain. He did not return to work after he was injured and filed
a Worker's Compensation claim. His physical injuries healed quite well over the
next two months and his doctors expected him to make a full recovery. Yet, two
years after the accident, he continued to complain of extreme, disabling neck
pain which prevented him from working and from participating in hobbies and
interests. Physicians who examined him several months after the accident were
unable to find any medical explanation for chronic pain.
Malingering: Because large rewards are potentially available to employees in
Worker's Compensation claims, some workers may be motivated to produce
false or greatly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms in order to
obtain money damages and to avoid work. This behavior, referred to as
“malingering”, is intuitively understood as the deliberate attempt to appear sicker
physically or psychologically than the objective findings would suggest. Perhaps
less intuitive is the situation in which a plaintiff may wish to appear less
psychologically disturbed than is the case. In a Worker's Compensation claim
2. 2
involving an allegation of chronic pain, appearing very mentally healthy can be
motivated by the desire to enhance the credibility of exaggerated physical
symptoms. Workers who are exaggerating or faking physical symptoms may be
identified by psychological profiles which possess the following elements:
(1) Claims of moral excellence
(2) Self-portrayal as completely honest and above reproach
(3) Unusually high scores on tests that measure frequency, duration and
intensity of physical symptoms
Rationale for special psychological testing: David Schretlen, who
evaluated the ability of 15 psychological tests to detect malingering, has noted
there is no research proving that interview by itself can reliably identify
malingering. In an article he published in Clinical Psychology Review, Schretlen
stated: "This does not mean that astute clinicians cannot detect malingering by
talking with the patient. But until controlled research validates this application of
the psychiatric interview, it is probably indefensible to render expert testimony
regarding the likelihood of malingering unless one has psychological test data
that bear on the question".1
Even more problematic, Lees-Haley has shown how
surprisingly easy it is for a litigant, motivated to exaggerate or fake, to bamboozle
some commonly administered psychological tests.2
The What and Why of the MMPI: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory (MMPI-2), a 567-item true-false test, is nearly unique among
psychological tests because it contains built in “validity scales” that have been
scientifically demonstrated to be useful in identifying various forms of unusual
responding. Since different scales on the MMPI-2 are comprised of different
numbers of test items, a way was needed to standardize scores for ease of
comparison and interpretation among the various scales. Thus, scores on each
scale are mathematically transformed into “T-Scores”. The average T-Score is
50 while scores above 65T fall within the abnormal range and have a
meaning similar to that of a body temperature above 98.6°. The MMPI-2
scales that can identify exaggerated or faked psychological symptoms are called
"F" and FB". There is ample data showing that F and FB can reliably identify
exaggerated or faked psychological symptoms. But, the tendency to exaggerate
psychological symptoms is not the focus of this article. The tendency to deny
psychological symptoms is the focus of this article and the two MMPI-2 scales
that are used to identify a tendency to minimize or deny psychological symptoms
are called “L” and “K”.
3. 3
Scale L: Scale L on the MMPI-2 consists of 15 items. These items are often
thought to be "obvious" and present an opportunity for the test-taker to easily
and deliberately portray himself or herself as perfectly mentally healthy by
responding to each item in a certain direction. The following four statements,
though not actual MMPI-2 test items, are similar to the kinds of items that
actually comprise scale L.
• At some time I have told a lie.
• I have been rude to another person.
• I have used offensive language once or twice.
• People have sometimes let me down.
1 point is added to the score for Scale L each time the test-taker answers “false”
to items similar to those above. Scores on this scale can range from 0 to 15.
Research with groups of normal people has shown that the average score for a
male on Scale L is 3.53 out of 15 and for females is 3.56 out of 15. These Raw
Scores translate into T-scores of about 50. Individuals who obtain scores above
60T are "defensive" and are presenting themselves as unusually virtuous. Scores
above 65T are extremely elevated and may invalidate the test because they
indicate that the test-taker is purposely attempting to deceive others.
There is a substantial published scientific literature examining the ability of Scale
L to determine if a test subject is claiming unlikely levels of moral excellence and
honesty. In a study published in the Journal of Personality Assessment, John
Graham3
and others asked 56 students (27 men and 29 women) to take the
MMPI-2 twice: once with standard instructions and once with instructions to
present a very positive impression of themselves and “to try to imagine that you
are graduating from college, are being assessed for a highly desirable job, and
for that reason are trying to appear very well adjusted”. On Validity Scale L,
subjects obtained the following average T-scores (50 is an average score while
scores above 65 are extremely elevated and invalidate the whole test):
Women Men
Standard Instructions: 48.3 48.0
Fake-Good Instructions: 76.5 72.3
These results clearly indicate that male and female subjects who are given
standard instructions for taking the MMPI-2 obtain scores that are very close to
average (50) on Validity Scale L. Subjects given the “fake-good” instructions earn
significantly higher scores which indicate an extreme tendency to claim unusual
levels of moral excellence and honesty. Scale L is successful in identifying
individuals who are trying to appear to be free of psychological symptoms.
4. 4
Scale K: Scale K consists of 30 items. The average score on Scale K for normal
men is 15.30 out of 30 and for normal women the average score is 15.03 out of
30. As with Scale L, raw scores on Scale K are transformed into T-scores.
Scores above 65T on Scale K (raw scores above 22) may indicate such severe
deceptiveness on the part of the test-taker that the MMPI-2 is invalidated and
cannot be interpreted. The items comprising Scale K tend to be more subtle than
L Scale items so it is less likely that a "defensive" person will understand the
rationale of the K items and will be less likely to be able to avoid detection. In this
sense, K is a measure of more sophisticated "defensiveness" and seems to
assess "unconscious" attempts to portray oneself as perfectly honest and morally
excellent. The following three statements, though not actual MMPI-2 items, are
similar to the kinds of items comprising scale K; each "false" response given by
the test-taker to these questions will add 1 point to the K Scale:
• Sometimes I have felt like telling another person off.
• Most people exaggerate their accomplishments.
• Sometimes I get annoyed if I can’t have my own way.
Graham and his co-researchers found the following values for Scale K when
students were asked to take the MMPI-2 under "standard" and "fake-good"
instructions:
Women Men
Standard Instructions: 45.1 46.3
Fake-Good Instructions: 60.7 56.6
These results indicate that, given standard instructions for the test, male and
female subjects obtain scores very close to average (50T) on Scale K, a
measure of defensiveness but when the same subjects take the test under “fake-
good” conditions they earn scores that are significantly higher indicating a strong
tendency to portray themselves as very honest and morally excellent.
How Accurate are L and K?: Performing additional calculations on their data,
Graham and his colleagues determined that the Scale L correctly classified 93%
of the fake-good profiles of women, while for men Scale L correctly classified
96% of the fake-good profiles. They also found that Scale K correctly classified
97% of the fake-good profiles of women, while for men, Scale K correctly
classified 93% of the fake-good profiles. These findings indicate that MMPI-2
Validity Scales L and K worked well to separate “fake-good” profiles from honest
profiles for both men and women.
Defensive Responding Profile: Butcher and Harlow (1987)4
noted that
“Individuals who wish to create an impression of having serious physical
5. 5
problems tend to produce MMPI profiles that have some common features” (pg
142) including the following:
1. Elevations on Validity Scales L or K or both suggesting exaggerated
personal virtue and honesty with the apparent motivation to appear beyond
reproach so that exaggerated claims of pain or physical symptoms will appear
more credible
2. Elevations on Clinical Scales: An MMPI-2 clinical profile characterized by
exaggerated endorsement of items referring to physical symptoms.
Exaggerated endorsement of physical symptoms can take several forms.
a. One common form is an extreme elevation of Scale 1 (the
Hypochondriasis Scale). An individual who has genuine physical illness
typically obtains a moderate elevation on Scale 1 (a T score of 58 to 64)
while high scorers (T scores of 65 or higher) on Scale 1 have a
psychological component to their symptoms such as a tendency toward
unusual preoccupation with bodily functions or towards endorsing
symptoms which do not co-exist in genuine medical disease.
b. A second form of physical symptom endorsement is characterized by a
combination of elevations on Scale 1 and on Scale 3 (also called Scale
“Hy” or “Hysteria”). The combination of unusual elevations on Scales 1
and 3 is called the “Conversion V” profile. Individuals with elevations on
both Scales 1 and 3 focus on medical explanations for their problems
and avoid acknowledging psychological factors that may contribute to
their difficulties.
c. A third form of physical symptom endorsement that may accompany
elevations on L and K is the significant elevation of Scale 8 (the
"Schizophrenia" scale). This pattern, sometimes manifested by
individuals claiming toxic exposure or poisoning may be accompanied
by "neurological" symptoms such as memory impairment or confused
thinking (Butcher and Harlow, pg 142-143) that may be exaggerated or
faked.
“Bob’s” MMPI-2 Profile: Bob's scores on the basic MMPI-2 scales are as
follows:
L: 64T Scale 1: 67T Scale 4: 47T Scale 7: 60T
F: 52T Scale 2: 59T Scale 5: 51T Scale 8: 44T
K: 63T Scale 3: 71T Scale 6: 55T Scale 9: 53T
Scale 0: 54T
Bob’s MMPI-2 Validity Scale profile indicates that he is claiming very unusual
honesty and virtue (high scores on L & K) while his symptom scales indicate that
he is reporting extreme and chronic pain that disables him (high scores on
Scales 1 & 3). His obvious attempt to portray himself as free from all human
6. 6
frailties, even those human weaknesses to which most people will admit, is
apparently motivated by his desire to convince others of the credibility of his
exaggerated physical complaints).
DSM-IV Criteria of Malingering: “Malingering” is the term psychologists and
other mental health professionals use to describe “the intentional production of
false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by
external incentives such as avoiding military duty, avoiding work, obtaining
financial compensation, evading criminal prosecution or obtaining drugs” 5
. The
individual engaging in malingering is thought to be consciously aware that he or
she is exaggerating or minimizing symptoms.
There should be a strong suspicion of malingering if any two or more of the
following are identified: 6
1. Medicologal context of presentation (e.g. the person is referred by an
attorney to the clinician for examination)
2. Marked discrepancy between the person’s claimed stress or disability
and the objective findings
3. Lack of cooperation during the diagnostic evaluation and in complying
with the prescribed treatment regimen
4. The presence of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Confirmatory data: Various pieces of data, obtained during interviews of the
injured worker by the defense's psychological expert, and from a review of the
medical records, were consistent with DSM-IV criteria of malingering and indicate
that "Bob" was most likely exaggerating or faking his chronic pain complaint. The
following are some examples of these findings:
(Consistent with Malingering criterion #1:“medicolegal presentation”)
• He was given a preliminary diagnosis of "Mixed Anxiety and Depression"
when he was evaluated in an emergency room on the day of the work
accident, but he did not seek treatment for emotional distress until he
retained counsel and his attorney referred him to a psychiatrist
(Consistent with Malingering criterion #2: marked discrepancy)
• The emergency room physician said: “his pain is not consistent with anything
I learned in medical school about nerve injury”
• The plaintiff’s neurologist wrote in his report that “the patient’s pain does not
conform to any known anatomical pattern and cannot be explained by nerve
damage”
7. 7
• The defense neurologist said “There is no objective evidence consistent with
the limitation in daily activities he is describing”
• The defense orthopedic doctor said: “There is evidence of symptom
magnification”
• The employee repeatedly completes Pain Scales (as a part of treatment)
and, on a scale from 1 to 10 (with 1 being no pain at all and 10 being the
most pain imaginable), he complains that his current pain is a “10” and his
average pain is a "10" and that there has little change in pain intensity since
the day of the work injury
(Consistent with Malingering criterion #3: lack of cooperation)
• His medical doctor recommended several times that he attend a Pain Clinic,
but he failed to set up an appointment for an initial evaluation at the Pain
Clinic
• He failed to complete hourly pain ratings which he was asked to do by the
psychologist who was treating him for pain
• He was prescribed a specific exercise in order to reduce neck pain, but he
did not perform this exercise
• He failed to complete a “negative thoughts” worksheet
• He refused to participate in some neurological tests used to evaluate pain
• Bob failed to show up for two scheduled visits with the defense’s mental
health expert; evidence in his diary indicated he decided in advance not to
keep one of these appointments and didn’t let the examining doctor know
• He was one-half hour late for one visit with the defense’s psychological
expert
• He was reluctant to complete tests conducted by the defense's psychologist
Conclusions: Pain that is exaggerated or faked within the context of litigation
can often be identified by a combination of careful history-taking, scrutiny of
medical records and personality evaluation utilizing specialized psychological
tests.
Assembling strong evidence that identifies pain and psychological symptoms as
exaggerated or faked will significantly reduce the credibility of such claims.
1
Schretlen, David. The use of psychological tests to identify malingered symptoms of mental disorder. Clinical
Psychology Review, 1988, 8, 451-476.
2
Lees-Haley, Paul. Malingering traumatic mental disorder on the Beck Depression Inventory: cancerphobia and
toxic exposure. Psychological Reports, 1989, 65, 623-626.
3
Graham, J.R., Watts, D. & Timbrook, R.E. Detecting fake-good and fake-bad MMPI-2 profiles. Journal of
Personality Assessment, 1991, 57, 264-277.
4
Butcher, J.N. & Harlow, T.C. Personality Assessment in Personal Injury Cases, In Handbook of Forensic
Psychology, (A. Hess and I. Weiner, Eds.), New York, Wiley.
8. 8
5
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), American Psychiatric
Association, 1994, pp. 683
6
DSM-IV, pp 471