2. Taylor Rule
Assume an economy with an AE curve with a slope of 1 where a one percent change in real interest rates changes real GDP by 1 percent with a one year lag. This economy is also characterized by an ouput gap Phillips curve where a one percentage point change in the output gap affects inflation with a one year lag. From Okun’s law for this economy a 1 percent change in real GDP changes the unemployment rate by .5%. The natural rate of unemployment for this economy is 5%. The neutral real rate of interest rn = 3.0 %/ and the target rate of inflation ΠT = 2%.
Assumes that policy makers inherit an economy at its natural rate of unemployment (5%), 6 percent inflation in year 0, and decide to use an aggressive Taylor rule of:
r = 3% + 1.0 (Y-Y*/Y*) + 1.0 (Π – 2%)
Fill in the following table assuming that policy makers have a correct model of the economy, follow the aggressive Taylor rule, and the economy has the two one period lags. Remember that in each year the policy choice for the real interest rate changes. (Your policy choice in year 0 affects GDP in Y in year 1 and how that policy affects GDP in year 1 affects inflation in year 2.
Hint. Use the Taylor rule to pick r in period 0 based on information in table. That r chosen for year 0 will have an impact on Y (and u based on Okun’s law) in year 1, but will have no impact on inflation until year 2 depending on the output gap that opens up in year 1.
Year
r
Π
Y
(Y-Y*/Y*
Π-ΠT
u
i
(policy)
ouptut gap
nominal
interest rate
0
6.0
100.0
0
4.0
5.0
1
2
3
4
Running Head: HISTORY STUDY GUIDE
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What was the Argument of Alfred T. Mahan?
Alfred T. Mahan argument was that the success of international politics lied in naval power.
What was James Monroe’s position in the Monroe Doctrine?
His position was that Americans needed to be free from future European colonization and that the European should not interfere in the sovereign countries' undertakings. According to him, United States should stay neutral in European wars and wars between European powers and their colonies. He also stated that it would be a hostile act towards United States for the Europeans to consider new colonies or interference with independent countries.
How did Woodrow Wilson’s position change concerning US Involvement in WWI and what were his 14 Points?
In I914, Woodrow urged all Americans to stay neutral in the case of the European war. After reelection in 1916, Wilson tried to end the war through active mediation. However, the Germans resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. On April 2, 1917, the president told Congress to declare war. Therefore, the Germans made Wilson change position on the US involvement in WWI. The 14 points were:
1. Open agreements of peace and clear diplomacy.
2. Total freedom o.
2. Taylor RuleAssume an economy with an AE curve with a s.docx
1. 2. Taylor Rule
Assume an economy with an AE curve with a slope of 1 where a
one percent change in real interest rates changes real GDP by 1
percent with a one year lag. This economy is also characterized
by an ouput gap Phillips curve where a one percentage point
change in the output gap affects inflation with a one year lag.
From Okun’s law for this economy a 1 percent change in real
GDP changes the unemployment rate by .5%. The natural rate
of unemployment for this economy is 5%. The neutral real rate
of interest rn = 3.0 %/ and the target rate of inflation ΠT = 2%.
Assumes that policy makers inherit an economy at its natural
rate of unemployment (5%), 6 percent inflation in year 0, and
decide to use an aggressive Taylor rule of:
r = 3% + 1.0 (Y-Y*/Y*) + 1.0 (Π – 2%)
Fill in the following table assuming that policy makers have a
correct model of the economy, follow the aggressive Taylor
rule, and the economy has the two one period lags. Remember
that in each year the policy choice for the real interest rate
changes. (Your policy choice in year 0 affects GDP in Y in
year 1 and how that policy affects GDP in year 1 affects
inflation in year 2.
Hint. Use the Taylor rule to pick r in period 0 based on
information in table. That r chosen for year 0 will have an
impact on Y (and u based on Okun’s law) in year 1, but will
have no impact on inflation until year 2 depending on the output
gap that opens up in year 1.
5. 4
Running Head: HISTORY STUDY GUIDE
1
HISTORY STUDY GUIDE
2
History Study guide
Name
Institution
History Study guide
6. What was the Argument of Alfred T. Mahan?
Alfred T. Mahan argument was that the success of international
politics lied in naval power.
What was James Monroe’s position in the Monroe Doctrine?
His position was that Americans needed to be free from future
European colonization and that the European should not
interfere in the sovereign countries' undertakings. According to
him, United States should stay neutral in European wars and
wars between European powers and their colonies. He also
stated that it would be a hostile act towards United States for
the Europeans to consider new colonies or interference with
independent countries.
How did Woodrow Wilson’s position change concerning US
Involvement in WWI and what were his 14 Points?
In I914, Woodrow urged all Americans to stay neutral in the
case of the European war. After reelection in 1916, Wilson tried
to end the war through active mediation. However, the Germans
resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. On April 2, 1917, the
president told Congress to declare war. Therefore, the Germans
made Wilson change position on the US involvement in WWI.
The 14 points were:
1. Open agreements of peace and clear diplomacy.
2. Total freedom of the seas.
3. The elimination of economic and business barriers.
4. The termination of arms races.
5. National self-determination to incorporate adjustment of
colonial allegations
7. 6. Evacuation of the entire Russian terrain.
7. Retreat and restoration of Belgium.
8. The whole French region restored.
9. Italian frontiers modified.
10. Granting Austria-Hungary “opportunity to autonomous
development."
11. Evacuation and giving of independence to Rumania,
Montenegro and Serbia.
12. Turkish section of the Ottoman Empire to become
sovereign; nations under Turkish reign to become self -
governing; open up Dardanelles to all.
13. Independent Poland with the right of entry to the sea to be
created.
14. Formation of a "general union of nations to assure political
independence and region integrity to "enthusiastic and small
states alike."
What was Yellow Journalism? Who are individuals who used it?
Yellow journalism was a technique of newspaper reporting that
concentrated on sensationalism over facts. It was used by New
York City newspaper’s radical publishers William Randolph
Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.
What effect did the Zimmerman Note have on the US during
WWI?
The Zimmermann note aided in turning U.S. public
interpretation against Germany during World War I and
reinforced the advocates of U.S. attempt into the war. It is said
8. that a German telegram was sent to the Mexican government,
but it was intercepted by the US. Germany was trying to get
Mexico to join forces with them to attack the US because of the
vicinity of the two countries.
What was the Roosevelt Corollary? Give examples of it in
action
The Roosevelt Corollary was a supplement to the Monroe
Doctrine. According to it, the United States was the only
country with the right to interfere with Latin American
countries. European countries were allowed to intercede in
Latin American undertaking. The only way that the U.S had a
right to participate was if the affairs or European countries were
endangered.
Examples of it in action
The Roosevelt Corollary added that he had the right to apply
military force in Latin American states in order to keep out
European countries. Through redefining the Monroe Doctrine,
Roosevelt turns out to be truly historic. This leads the United
States into a phase of conflict with the Caribbean and Central
America people, which was a quite crucial part of American
imperialism.
Define Social Darwinism.
It is a theory that projected the idea of survival for the fittest in
the late 19th century. It mostly means the social policies re
justified on the idea of struggling to exist.
Define Imperialism? How was the US an Imperial nation
between 1898-1920?
It is the broadening of national supremacy, influence or
authority to other countries or locality through policies of direct
or indirect control. The US was impartial in that it wanted to
9. expand. This is marked by the acquisition of new colonies.
Another way was by the Hawaii annexation. America also
protected trade routes in Asia and promoted security in the
Caribbean.
How is the Platt Amendment an example of US Imperialism?
The Amendment enhanced the U.S. involvement in Cuban
dealings and gave legal grounds to U.S. claims to specific
terrains on the island including Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.
What happened to the USS Maine?
The USS Mine exploded and sunk killing 266 members of the
crew.
How is the Lusitania similar to the Maine?
Both have conspiracy theories in relation to their sinking.
Causes and effects of the Spanish American War
The principal cause of the Spanish American War was the US’
open support for Cuban independence. The effect of the war was
the mysterious sinking of the USS Maine on 15 February 1898.
This led to a declaration of War. The net outcome of the War
was the loss of Spain's New World Empire and the Cuban
Independence.
How did Hawaii’s annexation carry out the beliefs of Mahan,
Strong, and Fiske?
The annexation was to serve mankind by promoting world
peace. The Treaty of Versailles did not get the support of a
good number of Americans.
Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?
10. He Was a politician, Filipino general, and an independence
leader. He had a significant role during the Philippines'
revolution against Spain. He was also involved in the War of
Philippine Independence that was against American occupation.
He was the first president of Philippine at a tender age of 28
years.
Jose Marti?
He was a Cuban, freedom fighter, patriot and poet. He is seen as
a national hero even though he died before Cuba’s
independence.
William Randolph Hearst?
He was an American newspaper publisher and editor who
formed the nation’s predominant newspaper chain. His
approaches intensely influenced American journalism. He was
also a business owner whose wealthy use and personality left a
mark in America’s media.
Joseph Pulitzer?
He was an American newspaper publisher and editor who aided
in establishing the sequence of the modern newspaper. He was
one of the most influential journalists in the United States of
America at that time.
Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy” states that the US
should sent its military to Latin American nations in case of a
disorder to protect American economic interests
How was the Foraker Act demonstrating American Imperialism?
It gave the US power and direct control to set up a government
in Puerto Rico
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassination caused what?
11. It causes a continuous series of diplomatic actions that led
inevitably to the occurrence of war in Europe at the end of July
1914.
What countries were Allies during WW1?
World War 1 allies were Russia, France and Britain
MAIN causes of WWI were?
The main causes were Imperialism, Militarism, Alliance and
nationalism.
The 14 Points main ideas were?
To abolish secret treaties, to establish free navigation on high
seas, as well as encourage free trade. It was also meant to
reduce Armaments. Another idea was to ensure that people’s
interest were considered when making colonial allegations.
Challenges to US entry in WWI were what?
The U.S lost a lot of lives in the war. A second challenge was
Provision of food to the people which was highly affected by
the war. Restarting their industry was also an enormous
challenge as well as restarting peaceful relationships with the
neighboring countries
Trench Warfare, mustard gas, airplanes all changes war in
which ways?
Through the technology, more efficient weapons made it much
easier to kill the enemy and eliminated chivalry. Casualties
increased, and gutter warfare was introduced to keep land forces
safe while not in battle due to the ability to eliminate enemies
from a significant distance.
12. Define Anti-Semitism
It is the behavior or belief of hostility towards Jews just
because they are Jewish.
Compare the Nuremberg Laws with the Jim Crow Laws.
They were both racist laws that segregated specific races.
Nuremburg was a law against the Jewish people while Jim Crow
was against the African Americans. To a considerable degree
they both ratified segregation. The Jim Crow laws segregated
public places, public schools and public transportation,
washrooms and eateries for whites and blacks and the U.S.
military. The Nuremburg Laws went a step ahead. In fact, they
denied Jews of citizenship and outlawed marriage between Jews
and other Germans.
What is the policy of Isolationism?
It is the doctrine of putting aside ones country from the
undertakings of other nations. This is achieved by fusing to
make alliances, foreign trade, and alien economic commitments
among others. It is devoting al the efforts of a country of its
own affairs and staying at peace as they avoid foreign
engagements and responsibilities.
In what ways did the US militarily gain of victory in WWII
(Bombing, massive mobilization, etc.)
High morale of the US military made the Germans loose theirs.
The use of allied forces, extra man power and leasing of
weapons also played a great role.
Know the Characteristics of Totalitarian Leaders
They have a Strong Nationalism, promote class struggle and
have pronounced statism. Their individualism is less that their
collectivism. They consider the government equivalent to a
13. supreme leader and a nation equal to a government. The leader
sits at the middle of the movement and strives by continuously
changing personnel and spinning intrigues. They are always
sure because they believe without them everyone else is lost.
They do not stomach criticism and is monopolistic in their
explanation. The leaders do not need to tell the truth as they are
infallible and dominate decision making processes.
Name and Identify the 8 Stages of Genocide?
1. Classification - this is categorizing of people in certain
groups in terms of race or tribe etc.
2. Symbolization - people are given names or other symbols to
their classifications. For example, People are named “Jews”, or
differentiate by colors or dressing.
3. Dehumanization - This entails one group denying the other
humanity and seeing them as maybe animals or insects.
4. Organization - genocides are usually organized normally by
the state, regularly using militias to offer deniability of state
responsibility. Organization may also be informal
5. Polarization - Extremists steer the groups apart. Hate groups
disseminate polarizing propaganda. Laws may deny social
interaction or intermarriages.
6. Preparation – in preparation victims are identified and
separated from the rest because of their ethnic or religious
identity. Death lists are drawn up, and members of targeted
groups are forced to wear identifying signs.
7. Extermination begins after preparation and quickly becomes
the mass killing legally known as “genocide.” It is
“extermination” to the killers because they do not perceive their
victims to be totally human.
14. 8. Denial is the eighth step that usually follows genocide. It is
among the surest pointer of further genocidal massacres. The
perpetrators of genocide try to destroy evidence by exhuming
the mass graves, burning the bodies and intimidating the
witnesses.
US History Exam II-Cold War and Post-Cold War
Terms
What is NATO? Warsaw Pact?
“Iron Curtain”
Domino Theory
Containment Policy
*Know Methods
“New World Order”
“Axis of Evil”
Mujahadeen
Taliban
Names
Harry Truman
George Kennen
Dwight Eisenhower
Ngo Dinh Diem
15. Ho Chi Minh
John F Kennedy
Nikita Kruschev
Lyndon Johnson
Richard Nixon
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
George Bush (Both)
Barack Obama
Events/Misc
Potsdam/Yalta
Causes of Cold War tension
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine
Korean War causes/effects
Bay of Pigs
Methods for fighting in Vietnam
Reasons for failure in Vietnam
Cuban Missile Crisis
16. Fall of the Berlin Wall
Tet Offensive
Tonkin Gulf Incident
Iran-Contra Affair
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan response
Persian Gulf War, Somalia, and Panama as examples of “New
World Order”
9/11
Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Al-Qaeda
1.. Taylor Rule
Assume an economy with an AE curve with a slope of 1 where a
one percent change in real interest rates changes real GDP by 1
percent with a one year lag. This economy is also characterized
by an ouput gap Phillips curve where a one percentage point
change in the output gap affects inflation with a one year lag.
From Okun’s law for this economy a 1 percent change in real
GDP changes the unemployment rate by .5%. The natural rate
17. of unemployment for this economy is 5%. The neutral real rate
of interest rn = 3.0 %/ and the target rate of inflation ΠT = 2%.
Assumes that policy makers inherit an economy at its natural
rate of unemployment (5%), 6 percent inflation in year 0, and
decide to use an aggressive Taylor rule of:
r = 3% + 1.0 (Y-Y*/Y*) + 1.0 (Π – 2%)
Fill in the following table assuming that policy makers have a
correct model of the economy, follow the aggressive Taylor
rule, and the economy has the two one period lags. Remember
that in each year the policy choice for the real interest rate
changes. (Your policy choice in year 0 affects GDP in Y in
year 1 and how that policy affects GDP in year 1 affects
inflation in year 2.
Hint. Use the Taylor rule to pick r in period 0 based on
information in table. That r chosen for year 0 will have an
impact on Y (and u based on Okun’s law) in year 1, but will
have no impact on inflation until year 2 depending on the output
gap that opens up in year 1.