(2 points) S. cerevisiae uses glycolysis-based fermentation to produc.pdf
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(2 points) S. cerevisiae uses glycolysis-based fermentation to produce ethanol, while Z. mobilis uses the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Give a reason for why more ethanol can be obtained per unit weight of Z. mobilis cells compared to unit weight of S. cerevisiae cells. Simply stating what is in the article is not sufficient. You need to explain your reasoning based on what is different between the ethanol producing pathways in the two organisms, and how that relates to cell mass. (1 point) Name one enzyme you would introduce into Z. mobilis to decrease the flux through its ethanol-producing pathway Solution A) Z.mobilis produce more ethanol in comparison to S.cerevisiae because of higher sugar uptake and ethanol yield (approx. 2.5times higher).It involves low biomass production and higher ethanol tolerance.This organism does not require any controlled addition of oxygen during the process of fermentation and have capability of genetic manipulations.Zymomonas mobilis degrades sugars to pyruvate by the Entner-Doudoroff pathway where pyruvate is fermented to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. B) To decrease flux enzyme that can be introduced is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Their substrate range is limited to glucose,fructose and sucrose..
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commercial production of cellulase enzyme and its uses
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5) and is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth.
Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes.
Production of Cellulase from Trichoderma Reesei rut30
Production of Cellulase from
Trichoderma Reesei Rut-30
Chris Velander, Dillon Gushard, Phillip Power, Xin Gao and Yasar Demirel*
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68588
Study on Culture Conditions for A Cellulase Production From As Pergillus Unguis
ABSTRACT: Cellulase is a common name of enzymes which catalyze cellulolysis. Specially,cellulase is widely used in food processing, animal feed, chemicals, textile,fuel and pollution treatment.The objective of this research is to study on optimal conditions for the production of cellulase byAspergillus unguis. The study was designed as a comparative culture conditions such as carbon sources, moisture content, duration, nitrogen sources and citrate buffer content on cellulase production for Aspergillus unguis. Cellulase activity was determined by measuring the absorbance at λ = 540 nm with 3,5-DNS reagent. In optimized culture conditions, enzyme activity of Aspergillus unguis achieved 110.92U/ml in comparison with a commercial cellulase with 185.33U/ml in enzyme activity. The value of cellulase activity of Aspergillus unguis is 41% lower than commercial enzymes. However, enzyme in this study was raw enzyme and the cost of producing1 litter of this enzyme is just 1/8 that of purified ones. The enzyme activity would be increased by purification. That fact has proven the applicability of using the findings of this study to improve cellulase production.
Cellulase (Types, Sources, Mode of Action & Applications)
Cellulase is a class of enzyme that catalyzes the cellulolysis i.e., hydrolysis of cellulose. Celulase is a multiple enzyme system consisting of endo – 1, 4 –β–D – glucanases and exo – 1, 4 –β– D – glucanases along with cellobiase (β– D – glucosideglucano hydrolase).
Types of Cellulases
On the basis of fractionation studies on culture filtrate have demonstrated that, there are ‘three’ major types of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of native cellulose to glucose, namely: Others are produced by the some animals and plants.
Recommended
commercial production of cellulase enzyme and its uses
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5) and is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth.
Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes.
Production of Cellulase from Trichoderma Reesei rut30
Production of Cellulase from
Trichoderma Reesei Rut-30
Chris Velander, Dillon Gushard, Phillip Power, Xin Gao and Yasar Demirel*
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68588
Study on Culture Conditions for A Cellulase Production From As Pergillus Unguis
ABSTRACT: Cellulase is a common name of enzymes which catalyze cellulolysis. Specially,cellulase is widely used in food processing, animal feed, chemicals, textile,fuel and pollution treatment.The objective of this research is to study on optimal conditions for the production of cellulase byAspergillus unguis. The study was designed as a comparative culture conditions such as carbon sources, moisture content, duration, nitrogen sources and citrate buffer content on cellulase production for Aspergillus unguis. Cellulase activity was determined by measuring the absorbance at λ = 540 nm with 3,5-DNS reagent. In optimized culture conditions, enzyme activity of Aspergillus unguis achieved 110.92U/ml in comparison with a commercial cellulase with 185.33U/ml in enzyme activity. The value of cellulase activity of Aspergillus unguis is 41% lower than commercial enzymes. However, enzyme in this study was raw enzyme and the cost of producing1 litter of this enzyme is just 1/8 that of purified ones. The enzyme activity would be increased by purification. That fact has proven the applicability of using the findings of this study to improve cellulase production.
Cellulase (Types, Sources, Mode of Action & Applications)
Cellulase is a class of enzyme that catalyzes the cellulolysis i.e., hydrolysis of cellulose. Celulase is a multiple enzyme system consisting of endo – 1, 4 –β–D – glucanases and exo – 1, 4 –β– D – glucanases along with cellobiase (β– D – glucosideglucano hydrolase).
Types of Cellulases
On the basis of fractionation studies on culture filtrate have demonstrated that, there are ‘three’ major types of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of native cellulose to glucose, namely: Others are produced by the some animals and plants.
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complemen.pdf
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complement each other ? What
would happen if one branch of the system were Brocken?
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complement each other ? What
would happen if one branch of the system were Brocken?
Solution
There are three branches of justice system
Let us talk about these.
Law Enforcement- It includes the first investigation done by police. The police investigate first
and arrest to the suspects. Then after they approach court for further procedures. Here police
force cannot punish the suspect as per their understandings. They have to maintain the peace and
harmony in the country.
Courts- Now when the matter has moved to court now court will ask for clues and proofs and
witness for the matter. After analyzing the witness, proofs and other things the court defines the
guilty and punish as per the crime.
3. Corrections:- Now when the court has given it’s judgment, next step is followed by the
correctness. It means the guilty will be enforced. This may includes jail, probation, fine, etc,
Earlier there was capital punishment for brutal cases but now a days it is closed in some
countries because of human rights organizations.
The benefit of this is this removes the criminal from the society and society is safe from those
criminals. Other people have fear about the punishment so they stop the wrong doings.
So I have described you how the procedures are connected with each other. If one branch is
broken whole the system will be failed. If law enforcement is failed the suspects will not under
arrest and further procedures will not take place. If there is no court then there will be no
punishment. All the punishment will be given by police so there may be injustice in the society.
And if correction is failed then the guilty will remain in society and society will have probability
of occurrence of crime again..
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous..pdf
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous.
A.have similar biochemical activities (ex. bind to DNA, synthesize polypeptides)
B.exist in the same species
C. exist in the same individual
D.have different cellular functions (ex. cell division, transport to membranes)
E.have different biochemical activities (ex. bind to DNA, synthesize polypeptides)
F. have similar cellular functions (ex. cell division, transport to membranes)
G. exist in different species
******I have already tried: similar biochemical activities, have similar cell function, and exist in
different species I got half credit for this so i must be missing something.
Solution
Answer
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs, one from each parent that is similar in length,
gene position and centromere location. The position of genes on each homologous chromosome
is the same, however the genes may contain different alleles.
A. have similar biochemical activities.
B. exist in same species.
F. have similar cellular functions like cell division and transport to membranes.
G. Homologous chromosomes may exist in different species. For example, drosophila genes are
homologous with genes of human beings.
So the answer would be A, B, F, and G..
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the.pdf
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the null spaces the column
spaces. A = [3 2 -1 5] A = [2 1 -3 4 0 2 0 -2 8] Let P_n denote the set of all polynomial
functions of degree at most n Let a_o be a feed constant. Explain why H = [p(t) = a_0 + b_x| b
R} is not necessarily a vector subspace of P_x, Are there any values of a_o for which H will be a
subspace? If instead H = {p(t) = a + bt| a, b R}, (i.e., the constant term is allowed to vary over
all real numbers), show that H is a vector subspace of P_n.
Solution
Ans-
A matrix, in general sense, represents a
collection of information stored or arranged
in an orderly fashion. The mathematical
concept of a matrix refers to a set of numbers,
variables or functions ordered in rows and
columns. Such a set then can be defined as a
distinct entity, the matrix, and it can be
manipulated as a whole according to some
basic mathematical rules.
A matrix with 9 elements is shown below.
[
[[
[ ]
]]
]
=
==
=
aaa
=
==
=
253
A
131211
aaa
aaa
232221
333231
819
647
Matrix [A] has 3 rows and 3 columns. Each
element of matrix [A] can be referred to by its
row and column number. For example,
=
==
=a
23
6
A computer monitor with 800 horizontal
pixels and 600 vertical pixels can be viewed as
a matrix of 600 rows and 800 columns.
In order to create an image, each pixel is
filled with an appropriate colour.
ORDER OF A MATRIX
The order of a matrix is defined in terms of
its number of rows and columns.
Order of a matrix = No. of rows
×
××
×
No. of
columns
Matrix [A], therefore, is a matrix of order 3
×
××
×
3.
COLUMN MATRIX
A matrix with only one column is called a
column matrix or column vector.
ROW MATRIX
3
6
4
A matrix with only one row is called a row
matrix or row vector.
[
[[
[ ]
]]
]
653
SQUARE MATRIX
A matrix having the same number of rows
and columns is called a square matrix.
742
942
435
RECTANGULAR MATRIX
A matrix having unequal number of rows and
columns is called a rectangular matrix.
1735
13145
8292
REAL MATRIX
A matrix with all real elements is called a real
matrix
PRINCIPAL DIAGONAL and TRACE
OF A MATRIX
In a square matrix, the diagonal containing
the elements a
11
, a
22
, a
33
, a
44
, ……, a
is called
the principal or main diagonal.
The sum of all elements in the principal
diagonal is called the trace of the matrix.
The principal diagonal of the matrix
742
942
435
nn
is indicated by the dashed box. The trace of
the matrix is 2 + 3 + 9 = 14.
UNIT MATRIX
A square matrix in which all elements of the
principal diagonal are equal to 1 while all
other elements are zero is called the unit
matrix.
001
100
010
ZERO or NULL MATRIX
A matrix whose elements are all equal to zero
is called the null or zero matrix.
000
000
000
DIAGONAL MATRIX
If all elements except the elements of the
principal diagonal of a square matrix are
zero, the matrix is called a diagonal matrix.
002
900
030
RANK OF A MATRIX
The maximum number of linearly
independent rows of a matrix [A] is called
the rank of [A] and i.
Exploring Organizational Culture Research the ITT Tech Virtual Lib.pdf
Exploring Organizational Culture
Research the ITT Tech Virtual Library to find an article each on the following types of
organizational culture:
Constructive
Passive/Defensive
Aggressive/Defensive
Now, answer the following questions:
What were the norms of each culture, and how were they determined?
What were the behaviors in each culture, and how did those behaviors impact the organization
and why?
Of the three organizational cultures, which one would you prefer to be a part of and why
2 pages
Solution
in constructive approach people are encouraged to interact with others, with the co-employees,
understand each other, make a strong group and work to achieve organizational goals. this
culture are focus in which members are encouraged to interact withpeople and approach tasks in
ways that will help them meet their higher order satisfaction needs. in positions where people do
a complex job, rather than something simple like a mechanic one, this culture is efficient.
here employees are become more friendly in nature and builds strong relationships among them.
aggressive/defensive organizational culture:tThis style is characterized with more emphasis on
task than people. because of the very nature of this style, people tend to focus on their own
individual needs at the expense of the success of the group. the aggressive/defensive style is very
stressful, and people using this style tend to make decisions based on status as opposed to
expertise.
the people who are workholics they will be benefited in this kind of cultures. people will be
selfish and only task oriented here. they wont consider the feelings and emotions of employees.
passive and defensive culture: in organizations with Passive/Defensive cultures, members feel
pressured to think and behave in ways that are inconsistent with the way they believe they should
in order to be effective. People are expected to please others (particularly superiors) and avoid
interpersonal conflict. Rules, procedures, and orders are more important than personal beliefs,
ideas, and judgment. Passive/Defensive cultures experience a lot of unresolved conflict and
turnover, and organizational members report lower levels of motivation and satisfaction.
based on the nature of work and importance, one can choose an organizational culture. for me the
constructive approach is more better and gives positive results..
Can you help me write these functions in C I do not need the main f.pdf
Can you help me write these functions in C? I do not need the main function. Thank you. The
language is C, NOT C++ in vertBits Description: Accepts a pointer of size uint32 tand inverts
eachbit of the input data passed Preconditions: Input argument is passed as a pointer Post-
conditions: The number of 1s returned Calls: N/A Called by: main int countNumberofones
(uint32 t intData) Write a function that counts numberof ls in an integerpassed setBit
Description: The functionsets the bit in the specified bit position in an to the specifid value. ue
can be a or 0. bitPosition will be between U an Postconditions: The bit of inData at position
biPosition will be set to walue Calls: N/A Called by main void setBit(uint32 t inData, uint32
tbitPosition.uint32 t alue hammingDistance Description: Function hammingDistance calculates
total number of bits that need to be inverted in order to change inData1 into inData2 orvice versa.
Preconditions: The function accepts two unsigned integers as input Postconditions: Thefunction
returns the hamming distance Calls N/A Called by: main int hammi tinDatal, unint32 tinData2)
Solution
int countNumberofOnes(uint32_t *intData)
{
*intData = ~(*intData); // inverts each bit in input
uint32_t num = *intData;
int count =0;
while(number)
{
number &= (number-1);
count ++;
}
return count;
// return number of 1s in the number
}
void setBit(uint32_t *intData, uint32_t bitPosition,uint32_t value)
{
(*intData) ^= (-value ^ ((*intData)) & (1 << bitPosition);
return (*intData);
}
int hammingDistance(uint32_t inData1,uint32_t inData2)
{
char * d1 =(char *)intData1;
char * d2 =(char *)intData2;
int count =0;
// considering both of same length
for (int i=0;i.
Drag the term or statement to the correct column SolutionC.pdf
Drag the term or statement to the correct column
Solution
Covalent addition to DNA - Methylation on C - trans
Chromatin remodeling - Nucleosomes moved to new location - cis
Covalent addition to histone - Acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation - trans
Localization of histone variant - Histone variants localized to specific locations - cis
Feedback loop - Transcription factor stimulates own product - cis.
Define the labor relations processSolutionThe labor relations.pdf
Define the labor relations process?
Solution
The labor relations process involves managers (representing the ownership interests) and a labor
organizations (union), selected by employees as their exclusive bargaining agent to represent
their interests and engaging in the joint determination and administration of work rules.
Three basic phases of the labor relations process are as follows:
1) Recognition of the legitimate rights and responsibilities of union and management
representatives.
2) Negotiation of the labor agreement, including appropriate strategies, tactics, and impasse
resolution techniques.
3) Administration of the negotiated labor agreement — the interpretation and application of labor
contract terms on a daily basis..
Accounting 5205Solution Depreciation aims to recognize in the.pdf
Accounting 5205
Solution
? Depreciation aims to recognize in the income statement the wear suffered by an asset on
account of its use for the generation of income.
The objective of depreciation is not to recover the investment that the company has made for its
construction or acquisition. The investment is recovered through the profitability generated by
the use of said asset.
? Long-term assets, also known as non-current assets, although they are durable, are not always
eternal. Therefore, accounting forces depreciate assets as their normal lives pass, with the
accepted general accounting principle of time period, equity, valuation at cost, accrued,
objectivity, because they do so naturally by the passing of time, due to its use, due to the wear
and tear of the time this asset is used, in order to reflect its best possible value, or to amortize
long-term expenses (deferred assets). For this there are tables and methods for accounting
treatment..
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.a.pdf
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.
aList.getEntry(i) = (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1)
Solution
You have a list
and we know list has index starting from
0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,.....
So
(aList.insert(i, item)): Inserts item at index i
(aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1) : Inserts item at index i and fetches and returns the element
at index i+1
aList.getEntry(i) = (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1)
So, it means (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1) Inserts item at index i and fetches and returns
the element at index i+1 and assigns it to element at index i..
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters .pdf
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters 32-127
What is the 8-bit entropy??
Solution
An encryption scheme we use must convert plain text to human readable cipher.
We here convert 32 ASCI to 127 character.
The transmitter send the message through the channel.The channel modifies the message in some
way.Then the receiver then finds which message is send.The probability expected value of the
information contained in each message is called entropy .The 8 -bit entropy is mostly used for
finding the value..
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that a.pdf
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that at least two students are the
same age? Why?
Solution
Here we have that P(atleast two same ages )= 1- P(no same age)
Now total favorable cases for no same age are 34-17= 18 ( as all will be of different ages)
Thus Probability ( different ages ) = Total favorable case/total case =18/40
And accordingly Probability (atleast two same ages ) =1-18/40 = 22/40 = 11/20
So last required answer is 11/20..
A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes.pdf
A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes to map its chromosomal
location. She uses interrupted-mating experiments with Hfr strains and generalized-transduction
experiments with phage P1. Explain why each technique, by itself, is insufficient for accurate
mapping.
Solution
Hfr cells undergoing conjugation transfer host genes in a linear fashion. The genes transferred
depend on both the Hfr strain and the length of time during which the transfer occurred.
F factors arise from improper excision of an Hfr from bacterial chromosome. They can have only
specific bacterial genes on them because the integration site is fixed for each strain.
P1 does not recognize pseudo-pac sites on the chromosome. P1 seems to begin packaging from
random double-stranded breaks on the chromosome that are generated during phage infection.
Generalized transduction is the process by which any bacterial gene may be transferred to
another bacterium via a bacteriophage, and very rarely a small number of phages carry the donor.
A restricted set of genes will not be able to transfer by this method. She wanted to transfer a
specific gene to a specific located which is not doen by generalized transduction, so accurate
gene mapping will be difficult by these methods..
30. The vouching of recorded payables to supporting documentation wil.pdf
30. The vouching of recorded payables to supporting documentation will do little or nothing to
verity for accounts payable, the a. existence assertion. b. completeness assertion. c. valuation
assertion. d. rights and obligations assertion.
Solution
Existence Assertion cannot be verified with the supporting documentation for recoreded
payables as existence can be verified by confirmation with the creditor.
Completeness, Valuation and rights & Obligations assertion can be verified with the supporting
documents like agreement, invoice, bank statement etc...
So the answer is Option A..
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How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complemen.pdf
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complement each other ? What
would happen if one branch of the system were Brocken?
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complement each other ? What
would happen if one branch of the system were Brocken?
Solution
There are three branches of justice system
Let us talk about these.
Law Enforcement- It includes the first investigation done by police. The police investigate first
and arrest to the suspects. Then after they approach court for further procedures. Here police
force cannot punish the suspect as per their understandings. They have to maintain the peace and
harmony in the country.
Courts- Now when the matter has moved to court now court will ask for clues and proofs and
witness for the matter. After analyzing the witness, proofs and other things the court defines the
guilty and punish as per the crime.
3. Corrections:- Now when the court has given it’s judgment, next step is followed by the
correctness. It means the guilty will be enforced. This may includes jail, probation, fine, etc,
Earlier there was capital punishment for brutal cases but now a days it is closed in some
countries because of human rights organizations.
The benefit of this is this removes the criminal from the society and society is safe from those
criminals. Other people have fear about the punishment so they stop the wrong doings.
So I have described you how the procedures are connected with each other. If one branch is
broken whole the system will be failed. If law enforcement is failed the suspects will not under
arrest and further procedures will not take place. If there is no court then there will be no
punishment. All the punishment will be given by police so there may be injustice in the society.
And if correction is failed then the guilty will remain in society and society will have probability
of occurrence of crime again..
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous..pdf
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous.
A.have similar biochemical activities (ex. bind to DNA, synthesize polypeptides)
B.exist in the same species
C. exist in the same individual
D.have different cellular functions (ex. cell division, transport to membranes)
E.have different biochemical activities (ex. bind to DNA, synthesize polypeptides)
F. have similar cellular functions (ex. cell division, transport to membranes)
G. exist in different species
******I have already tried: similar biochemical activities, have similar cell function, and exist in
different species I got half credit for this so i must be missing something.
Solution
Answer
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs, one from each parent that is similar in length,
gene position and centromere location. The position of genes on each homologous chromosome
is the same, however the genes may contain different alleles.
A. have similar biochemical activities.
B. exist in same species.
F. have similar cellular functions like cell division and transport to membranes.
G. Homologous chromosomes may exist in different species. For example, drosophila genes are
homologous with genes of human beings.
So the answer would be A, B, F, and G..
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the.pdf
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the null spaces the column
spaces. A = [3 2 -1 5] A = [2 1 -3 4 0 2 0 -2 8] Let P_n denote the set of all polynomial
functions of degree at most n Let a_o be a feed constant. Explain why H = [p(t) = a_0 + b_x| b
R} is not necessarily a vector subspace of P_x, Are there any values of a_o for which H will be a
subspace? If instead H = {p(t) = a + bt| a, b R}, (i.e., the constant term is allowed to vary over
all real numbers), show that H is a vector subspace of P_n.
Solution
Ans-
A matrix, in general sense, represents a
collection of information stored or arranged
in an orderly fashion. The mathematical
concept of a matrix refers to a set of numbers,
variables or functions ordered in rows and
columns. Such a set then can be defined as a
distinct entity, the matrix, and it can be
manipulated as a whole according to some
basic mathematical rules.
A matrix with 9 elements is shown below.
[
[[
[ ]
]]
]
=
==
=
aaa
=
==
=
253
A
131211
aaa
aaa
232221
333231
819
647
Matrix [A] has 3 rows and 3 columns. Each
element of matrix [A] can be referred to by its
row and column number. For example,
=
==
=a
23
6
A computer monitor with 800 horizontal
pixels and 600 vertical pixels can be viewed as
a matrix of 600 rows and 800 columns.
In order to create an image, each pixel is
filled with an appropriate colour.
ORDER OF A MATRIX
The order of a matrix is defined in terms of
its number of rows and columns.
Order of a matrix = No. of rows
×
××
×
No. of
columns
Matrix [A], therefore, is a matrix of order 3
×
××
×
3.
COLUMN MATRIX
A matrix with only one column is called a
column matrix or column vector.
ROW MATRIX
3
6
4
A matrix with only one row is called a row
matrix or row vector.
[
[[
[ ]
]]
]
653
SQUARE MATRIX
A matrix having the same number of rows
and columns is called a square matrix.
742
942
435
RECTANGULAR MATRIX
A matrix having unequal number of rows and
columns is called a rectangular matrix.
1735
13145
8292
REAL MATRIX
A matrix with all real elements is called a real
matrix
PRINCIPAL DIAGONAL and TRACE
OF A MATRIX
In a square matrix, the diagonal containing
the elements a
11
, a
22
, a
33
, a
44
, ……, a
is called
the principal or main diagonal.
The sum of all elements in the principal
diagonal is called the trace of the matrix.
The principal diagonal of the matrix
742
942
435
nn
is indicated by the dashed box. The trace of
the matrix is 2 + 3 + 9 = 14.
UNIT MATRIX
A square matrix in which all elements of the
principal diagonal are equal to 1 while all
other elements are zero is called the unit
matrix.
001
100
010
ZERO or NULL MATRIX
A matrix whose elements are all equal to zero
is called the null or zero matrix.
000
000
000
DIAGONAL MATRIX
If all elements except the elements of the
principal diagonal of a square matrix are
zero, the matrix is called a diagonal matrix.
002
900
030
RANK OF A MATRIX
The maximum number of linearly
independent rows of a matrix [A] is called
the rank of [A] and i.
Exploring Organizational Culture Research the ITT Tech Virtual Lib.pdf
Exploring Organizational Culture
Research the ITT Tech Virtual Library to find an article each on the following types of
organizational culture:
Constructive
Passive/Defensive
Aggressive/Defensive
Now, answer the following questions:
What were the norms of each culture, and how were they determined?
What were the behaviors in each culture, and how did those behaviors impact the organization
and why?
Of the three organizational cultures, which one would you prefer to be a part of and why
2 pages
Solution
in constructive approach people are encouraged to interact with others, with the co-employees,
understand each other, make a strong group and work to achieve organizational goals. this
culture are focus in which members are encouraged to interact withpeople and approach tasks in
ways that will help them meet their higher order satisfaction needs. in positions where people do
a complex job, rather than something simple like a mechanic one, this culture is efficient.
here employees are become more friendly in nature and builds strong relationships among them.
aggressive/defensive organizational culture:tThis style is characterized with more emphasis on
task than people. because of the very nature of this style, people tend to focus on their own
individual needs at the expense of the success of the group. the aggressive/defensive style is very
stressful, and people using this style tend to make decisions based on status as opposed to
expertise.
the people who are workholics they will be benefited in this kind of cultures. people will be
selfish and only task oriented here. they wont consider the feelings and emotions of employees.
passive and defensive culture: in organizations with Passive/Defensive cultures, members feel
pressured to think and behave in ways that are inconsistent with the way they believe they should
in order to be effective. People are expected to please others (particularly superiors) and avoid
interpersonal conflict. Rules, procedures, and orders are more important than personal beliefs,
ideas, and judgment. Passive/Defensive cultures experience a lot of unresolved conflict and
turnover, and organizational members report lower levels of motivation and satisfaction.
based on the nature of work and importance, one can choose an organizational culture. for me the
constructive approach is more better and gives positive results..
Can you help me write these functions in C I do not need the main f.pdf
Can you help me write these functions in C? I do not need the main function. Thank you. The
language is C, NOT C++ in vertBits Description: Accepts a pointer of size uint32 tand inverts
eachbit of the input data passed Preconditions: Input argument is passed as a pointer Post-
conditions: The number of 1s returned Calls: N/A Called by: main int countNumberofones
(uint32 t intData) Write a function that counts numberof ls in an integerpassed setBit
Description: The functionsets the bit in the specified bit position in an to the specifid value. ue
can be a or 0. bitPosition will be between U an Postconditions: The bit of inData at position
biPosition will be set to walue Calls: N/A Called by main void setBit(uint32 t inData, uint32
tbitPosition.uint32 t alue hammingDistance Description: Function hammingDistance calculates
total number of bits that need to be inverted in order to change inData1 into inData2 orvice versa.
Preconditions: The function accepts two unsigned integers as input Postconditions: Thefunction
returns the hamming distance Calls N/A Called by: main int hammi tinDatal, unint32 tinData2)
Solution
int countNumberofOnes(uint32_t *intData)
{
*intData = ~(*intData); // inverts each bit in input
uint32_t num = *intData;
int count =0;
while(number)
{
number &= (number-1);
count ++;
}
return count;
// return number of 1s in the number
}
void setBit(uint32_t *intData, uint32_t bitPosition,uint32_t value)
{
(*intData) ^= (-value ^ ((*intData)) & (1 << bitPosition);
return (*intData);
}
int hammingDistance(uint32_t inData1,uint32_t inData2)
{
char * d1 =(char *)intData1;
char * d2 =(char *)intData2;
int count =0;
// considering both of same length
for (int i=0;i.
Drag the term or statement to the correct column SolutionC.pdf
Drag the term or statement to the correct column
Solution
Covalent addition to DNA - Methylation on C - trans
Chromatin remodeling - Nucleosomes moved to new location - cis
Covalent addition to histone - Acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation - trans
Localization of histone variant - Histone variants localized to specific locations - cis
Feedback loop - Transcription factor stimulates own product - cis.
Define the labor relations processSolutionThe labor relations.pdf
Define the labor relations process?
Solution
The labor relations process involves managers (representing the ownership interests) and a labor
organizations (union), selected by employees as their exclusive bargaining agent to represent
their interests and engaging in the joint determination and administration of work rules.
Three basic phases of the labor relations process are as follows:
1) Recognition of the legitimate rights and responsibilities of union and management
representatives.
2) Negotiation of the labor agreement, including appropriate strategies, tactics, and impasse
resolution techniques.
3) Administration of the negotiated labor agreement — the interpretation and application of labor
contract terms on a daily basis..
Accounting 5205Solution Depreciation aims to recognize in the.pdf
Accounting 5205
Solution
? Depreciation aims to recognize in the income statement the wear suffered by an asset on
account of its use for the generation of income.
The objective of depreciation is not to recover the investment that the company has made for its
construction or acquisition. The investment is recovered through the profitability generated by
the use of said asset.
? Long-term assets, also known as non-current assets, although they are durable, are not always
eternal. Therefore, accounting forces depreciate assets as their normal lives pass, with the
accepted general accounting principle of time period, equity, valuation at cost, accrued,
objectivity, because they do so naturally by the passing of time, due to its use, due to the wear
and tear of the time this asset is used, in order to reflect its best possible value, or to amortize
long-term expenses (deferred assets). For this there are tables and methods for accounting
treatment..
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.a.pdf
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.
aList.getEntry(i) = (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1)
Solution
You have a list
and we know list has index starting from
0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,.....
So
(aList.insert(i, item)): Inserts item at index i
(aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1) : Inserts item at index i and fetches and returns the element
at index i+1
aList.getEntry(i) = (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1)
So, it means (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1) Inserts item at index i and fetches and returns
the element at index i+1 and assigns it to element at index i..
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters .pdf
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters 32-127
What is the 8-bit entropy??
Solution
An encryption scheme we use must convert plain text to human readable cipher.
We here convert 32 ASCI to 127 character.
The transmitter send the message through the channel.The channel modifies the message in some
way.Then the receiver then finds which message is send.The probability expected value of the
information contained in each message is called entropy .The 8 -bit entropy is mostly used for
finding the value..
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that a.pdf
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that at least two students are the
same age? Why?
Solution
Here we have that P(atleast two same ages )= 1- P(no same age)
Now total favorable cases for no same age are 34-17= 18 ( as all will be of different ages)
Thus Probability ( different ages ) = Total favorable case/total case =18/40
And accordingly Probability (atleast two same ages ) =1-18/40 = 22/40 = 11/20
So last required answer is 11/20..
A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes.pdf
A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes to map its chromosomal
location. She uses interrupted-mating experiments with Hfr strains and generalized-transduction
experiments with phage P1. Explain why each technique, by itself, is insufficient for accurate
mapping.
Solution
Hfr cells undergoing conjugation transfer host genes in a linear fashion. The genes transferred
depend on both the Hfr strain and the length of time during which the transfer occurred.
F factors arise from improper excision of an Hfr from bacterial chromosome. They can have only
specific bacterial genes on them because the integration site is fixed for each strain.
P1 does not recognize pseudo-pac sites on the chromosome. P1 seems to begin packaging from
random double-stranded breaks on the chromosome that are generated during phage infection.
Generalized transduction is the process by which any bacterial gene may be transferred to
another bacterium via a bacteriophage, and very rarely a small number of phages carry the donor.
A restricted set of genes will not be able to transfer by this method. She wanted to transfer a
specific gene to a specific located which is not doen by generalized transduction, so accurate
gene mapping will be difficult by these methods..
30. The vouching of recorded payables to supporting documentation wil.pdf
30. The vouching of recorded payables to supporting documentation will do little or nothing to
verity for accounts payable, the a. existence assertion. b. completeness assertion. c. valuation
assertion. d. rights and obligations assertion.
Solution
Existence Assertion cannot be verified with the supporting documentation for recoreded
payables as existence can be verified by confirmation with the creditor.
Completeness, Valuation and rights & Obligations assertion can be verified with the supporting
documents like agreement, invoice, bank statement etc...
So the answer is Option A..
3. Observe that every cation was initially part of a nitrate compound.pdf
3. Observe that every cation was initially part of a nitrate compound. Most anions were initially
part of a sodium compound. Would you guess nitrate compounds and sodium compounds to be
soluble or insoluble? Why? 4. A precipitation reaction for copper and carbonate ions would look
like this: Cu2+ (aq) + CO 2 (aq) CuC03 (s) A precipitation reaction for copper and hydroxide
ions would look like this: Cu2+ (aq) + 2 OH\' (aq) Cu(OH)2 (s) a. Write the precipitation
reaction for one of the phosphate compounds. 5. If nitrates (NOs) are soluble and most sulfates
(SO4) are soluble (except Pb2, Ca2*, Sr2\" Hg:2, and Ba2), will an ionic compound precipitate
from the following: Co(NO3)2 (aq) + Na:SO4(aq) ?
Solution.
1)Please explain the commands ifconfig, ping, traceroute, netstat, d.pdf
1)Please explain the commands ifconfig, ping, traceroute, netstat, dig, nslookup, route, host,
hostname.
2). Explain briefly about TCP/IP and its Protocol Architecture.
3) Explain the difference between TCP/IP Protocol stack and OSI model.
Solution
Answer:
1) Ipconfig
Ipconfig is an MS-DOS utility that can be used from MS-DOS and an MS-DOS shell to display
the network settings currently assigned and given by a network. This command can be utilized to
verify a network connection as well as to verify your network settings.
Ping
Ping is one of the most commonly used network commands that allows you to ping another
network IP address. Pinging another address helps determine if the network card can
communicate within the local network or outside network.
Netstat
The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
Nslookup
The nslookup MS-DOS utility that enables a user to do a reverse lookup on an IP address of a
domain or host on a network.
Route
The route MS-DOS utility enables computers to view and modify the computer\'s route table.
traceroute
The tracert command in MS-DOS and Windows (known as traceroute in Unix-like operating
systems) is a useful tool for diagnosing network issues. It allows you to view a listing of how a
network packet travels through the network and where it may fail or slow down. Using this
information you can determine the computer, router, switch or other network device possibly
causing your network issues.
host
solves a host name into an Internet Protocol (IP) address or an IP address into a host name.
the hostname command is used to show or set a computer\'s host name and domain name. It is
one of the most basic of the network administrative utilities.
A host name is a name that is assigned to a host (i.e., a computer connected to the network) that
uniquely identifies it on a network and thus allows it to be addressed without using its full IP
address. Domain names are user-friendly substitutes for numeric IP addresses.
The basic syntax for the hostname command is
hostname [options] [new_host_name]
2)TCP/IP protocols map to a four-layer conceptual model known as the DARPA model , named
after the U.S. government agency that initially developed TCP/IP. The four layers of the DARPA
model are: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface. Each layer in the DARPA
model corresponds to one or more layers of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
model.
Network Interface Layer
The Network Interface layer (also called the Network Access layer) is responsible for placing
TCP/IP packets on the network medium and receiving TCP/IP packets off the network medium.
TCP/IP was designed to be independent of the network access method, frame format, and
medium. In this way, TCP/IP can be used to connect differing network types. These include
LAN technologies such as Ethernet and Token Ring and WAN technologies such as X.25 and
Frame Relay. Independence from any specific ne.
At what point does commercialization start to create inequality Ple.pdf
At what point does commercialization start to create inequality? Please provide examples.
Solution
Markets and commerce change the character of the goods they touch.Such deliberations touch,
unavoidably, on competing conceptions of the good life.For fear of disagreement, we hesitate to
bring our moral and spiritual convictions into the public square.It simply means that markets will
decide them for us.At a time of rising inequality, the commercialization of everything means that
people of affluence and people of modest means lead increasingly separate lives. We live and
work and shop and play in different places. Children go to different schools. It’s not good for
democracy, nor is it a satisfying way to live.Democracy does not require perfect equality, but it
does require that citizens share a common life. What matters is that people of different
backgrounds and social positions encounter one another, and bump up against one another, in the
course of everyday life. For this is how we learn to negotiate and abide by our differences, and
how we come to care for the common good.
The public schools are an integral part of the institutions of democracy. By schools, Human
Capital forms which eventually helps a country to faster its growth and substantially move
forward.If we are to achieve the democratic ideal of equity, there must be a commons, and it
must be accessible for all to participate effectively. Public education is an important part of that
commons. But this common education is not fee, and only those can grab this oppurtunity who
are able to pay for it.Commercialization encloses the commons and puts up fences, with
admission only to those who can pay. It privatizes public space. It makes the dollar, not
citizenship, the entry point to educational experiences and social and political influence in a
democratic society..
A benefit of an activity received by people not participating in the.pdf
A benefit of an activity received by people not participating in the activity is called a(n)
Solution
Assuming the question is in terms of economics, the answer is
Positive Externality
Externality is a phenomena in which a proportion of cost (negative externality) or benefit
(positive externality) an activity is received by someone who did\'t participate in the activity. In
case a cost is incurred it is termed as negative externality, while in case of benefit is received, it
is termed as positive externality.
Consider education - a learning activity, in an underdeveloped country. In poor area, if there is
an initiative of education, and children are educated by any welfare institution or government,
that education would not only affect the child individually, but also would affect his family in a
positive manner. The household people might learn somethings which they didn\'t knew before,
that can save them in many ways, such as importance of hygene like washing hands before
having food, or caring for mortals, etc. This is the case of positive externality, as even though the
adult didn\'t attend the education, they did received the benefit. Education also reduces crime,
and hence society as a whole benefits. Another examples of positive externality are low income
people who do not pay taxes does recieve state welfare, military-defence protention, and enjoy
many other public goods, like street light, roads, etc.
The opposite of positive externality is negative externality. Suppose a polluting industry is
placed in a poor agricultural area, and it will pollute the land and or water and or by dumping
wastes and smokes of byproducts. People who don\'t work and have no relation to the industry
would also be affected in an adverse manner. Yet some proportion of the population now have
more stable income, but many others who didn\'t participate in the activity are affected. Farmers
doing pisciculture and agriculture would be affected by dead fishes or bad crop, or general public
breathing polluted air would incur several health cost. All kinds of pollution which are not
natural (like pollution by volcanic eruption), are examples of negative externality..
You are given a specification for some Java classes as follows. A.pdf
You are given a specification for some Java classes as follows.
A building has a number of floors, and a number of windows.
A house is a building.
A garage is a building.
A room has a length, width, a floor covering, and a number of closets.
You can never create an instance of a building, but every object that is a building must have a
method that calculates the floor space, i.e., the Building class is abstract, and has an abstract
method.
A house has a number of bathrooms, and an array of Rooms.
A house has a method that returns the average size of the Rooms.
A Garage can hold some number of cars, and it may have a cement floor or a gravel floor. A
garage has a length and a width. (Don’t use the Room class as a member of the Garage class.)
Object
/ \\
Building Room
/ \\
House Garage
2. Implement the specification.
You must use the following mechanisms correctly:
· Inheritance – is a
· Composition – has a
· Constructor methods
· Accessor / mutator methods = getters, setters
· Arrays of objects
· Passing arrays of objects to methods
· Abstract classes and methods
· Access modifiers – public private
o might not need protected, a you should never use
· toString() methods
· the super keyword
· method overriding
· interfaces
· generics are introduced
· polymorphism using inheritance, and interfaces
Include a test class that has a main method. This test program will make instances of your classes
and output the text representation of the objects using the toString() methods. There should be
enough comments in the output so that it is easy to see which classes are being tested.
In your test class, create an ArrayList. Add a couple of houses and garages to your list. Loop
through the list, using the enhanced for loop. Print out the objects using the toString methods.
(The toString methods should return a String object containing all of the instance variables’
values.)
Additional Requirements:
Only methods used for testing will call the System.out.println() method. The purpose of the
classes is to store and manipulate data. Input and output is not included in the data storage and
manipulation classes.
A house will calculate its floor space by looping through the array of rooms, and accumulating
the floor space. Don\'t worry about the space used by a closet, you can assume that it is included
in the size of the room.
Work incrementally. Start by making a Room class, and testing it. Then make the Building and
Garage classes, test them. The make the house class, and test it.
The constructor for the house class has an array of rooms as a parameter.
The building class is the only class that stores and manipulates the number of windows, and
number of floors.
All garage objects have exactly one floor. Perhaps the Building class should have an overloaded
constructor to accommodate this.
Interface
Add an interface to your package. Call the interface MLSListable. That means that a class that
implements this interface is a property that can be listed for sale. T.
8. Would the following cell have a spontaneous reaction Explain. .pdf
8. Would the following cell have a spontaneous reaction? Explain.
Solution
A redox reaction is spontaneous if the standard electrode potential for the redox reaction,
Eo(redox reaction), is positive.
Eo(redox reaction) = Eo(reduction reaction) + Eo(oxidation reaction)
and Eo(redox reaction) > 0
that is, Eo(redox reaction) is positive
If Eo(redox reaction) is positive, the reaction will proceed in the forward direction
(spontaneous).
Spontaneous redox reactions can be used to produce electricity
(see galvanic cells (voltaic cells)).If Eo(redox reaction) is negative (Eo(redox reaction) < 0), the
reaction will not proceed in the forward direction (non-spontaneous).This reaction will be non
spontaneous redox reactions cannot be used to produce electricity.
E standard potential value is positive so reaction is non spontaneously.
Write a command to find out how many users in etcpasswd have the l.pdf
Write a command to find out how many users in /etc/passwd have the last name “Harris” but not
“Harrison” or anything added to the end of “Harris”. (unix/linux)
Solution
By using erep command we can find out how many users in /etc/passwd. Here we are going to
check whether there exists any user having the last name “Harris” but not \"Harrison\"
egrep -i \"^Harris\" && ~\"^Harrison\" /etc/passwd.
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- 1. (2 points) S. cerevisiae uses glycolysis-based fermentation to produce ethanol, while Z. mobilis uses the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Give a reason for why more ethanol can be obtained per unit weight of Z. mobilis cells compared to unit weight of S. cerevisiae cells. Simply stating what is in the article is not sufficient. You need to explain your reasoning based on what is different between the ethanol producing pathways in the two organisms, and how that relates to cell mass. (1 point) Name one enzyme you would introduce into Z. mobilis to decrease the flux through its ethanol-producing pathway Solution A) Z.mobilis produce more ethanol in comparison to S.cerevisiae because of higher sugar uptake and ethanol yield (approx. 2.5times higher).It involves low biomass production and higher ethanol tolerance.This organism does not require any controlled addition of oxygen during the process of fermentation and have capability of genetic manipulations.Zymomonas mobilis degrades sugars to pyruvate by the Entner-Doudoroff pathway where pyruvate is fermented to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. B) To decrease flux enzyme that can be introduced is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Their substrate range is limited to glucose,fructose and sucrose.