სამაგისტრო ნაშრ ომი

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
saerTaSoriso samarTlis instituti
Mmagistraturis IV semestris studentis
akaki beriZis naSromi Temaze:
erovnuli amnistiebi da simarTlis komisiebi rogorc sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis damabrkolebeli
garemoeba
naSromi wardgenilia magistris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad
Temis xelmZRvaneli: qeTevan xuciSvili, Tsu, sruli profesori, saerTaSoriso samarTlis
doqtori.
Tbilisi
ivlisi, 2013 weli

sarCevi
abreviaturebis CamonaTvali................................................................................................................2
Sesavali................................................................................................................................................4
E1. erovnuli amnistiebi da simarTlis komisiebi ..................................................................................5
1.1 simarTlis komisiebi ........................................................................................................ 5
1.1.1. simarTlis komisiaTa cneba da funqciebi......................................................................................... 6
1.1.2 simarTlis komisiebi, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis alternatiuli
meqanizmi................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2 erovnuli amnistiebi ......................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1 erovnuli amnistiis saxeebi ................................................................................................................ 8
1.2.2. saerTaSoriso samarTlis midgoma amnistiebis mimarT .................................................................. 9
2. damnaSaveTa dasjis valdebuleba..................................................................................................11
2.2 damnaSavis dasjis valdebuleba ........................................................................................ 11
2.2.1 რომის სტატუტით გათვალისწინებული დანაშაულები..................................................... 12
2.2.1.1. saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebi.............................................................................. 12
2.2.1.2 saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlidan momdinare valdebulebebi ............................................. 13
2.2.2 adamianis uflebaTa mZime darRvevebi ........................................................................................ 15
2.2.2.1 adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli sistema........................................................................................ 16
2.2.2.2 gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komiteti ........................................................................................... 17
2.2.2.3. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasmarTlo.................................................................................... 17
3. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis kriteriumebi ....................18
3.1 sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos Seqmna da misi kompetencia.................... 18
3.2 sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis kriteriumebi ........... 19
1.2.1 romis statutis me-17(1) muxli komplementarobis testis pirveli nawili .......................................... 19
1.2.2 romis statutis me-17(2) muxli, komplementarobis testis meore nawili.......................................... 21
1.3 samxreT afrikis simarTlis komisia ............................................................................... 23
4. Eerovnuli amnistiebis “nebadamrTvel” normaTa ganxilva.......................................................25
2.1 prokuroris diskrecia.......................................................................................................... 25
2.2 uSiSroebis sabWos roli romis statutis me-16 muxli......................................................... 27
gamoyenebuli literatura.....................................................................................................................30
abreviaturebis CamonaTvali

UN United Nations
UNGA United Nations General Assembly
UNSC United Nations Security Council
ECOSOC United Nations Economic And Social Counsil
UNCHR United Nations Commission on Human Rights
ECHR European Court of Human Rights
ICC International criminal court
ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia
ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
IMT International Military Tribunal
Inter-Am.C.H.R Inter-American Court of Human Rights
PCIJ Permanent Court of International Justice
ICJ International Court of Justice
HRC Human Rights Committee
erovnuli amnistiebi da simarTlis komisiebi rogorc sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis damabrkolebeli
garemoeba

Sesavali
meoce saukunis Sua xenabi saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis
gadamwyvet etaps warmoadgenda. amis mizezi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mxridan,
adamianis uflebaTa dacvisadmi mudmivad mzard yuradRebaSi unda veZioT. mas Semdeg,
rac ,,abstraqtuli subieqtebis” Sesaxeb gancxadebam saxelmwifos qmedebis doqtrina
daamarcxa da meore msoflio omis damnaSaveTa pirveli sasamarTlo procesebi Sedga,1
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTali, iseve rogorc sisxlis samarTlis tribunalTa wesdebebi
gamudmebiT viTardeboda da ixveweboda, sanam es procesi mudmivmoqmedi sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos SeqmniT ar dagvirgvinda.
sasamarTlos Seqmnis istorias Tu gadavxedavT, naTeli gaxdeba misi arsebobis
mTavari mizani, romelic agreTve ganmtkicebulia romis statutis (SemdgomSi statuti)
preambulaSi kerZod, saerTaSoriso danaSaulTa Cadenisas dausjelobis aRkveTa.2
analogiur
mizans emsaxureba sasamarTlos sistemac, romelic moqmedebs komplementarobis
principis dacviT da morgebulia iseT SemTxvevebs, sadac saxelmwifos ar surs an ar
SeuZlia dasajos damnaSave.3
komplementarobis principi Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs imas,
rom konkretuli kriteriumebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, erovnul doneze ganxorcielebul
process eniWeba upiratesoba sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos iurisdiqciasTan
mimarTebaSi. swored am ori umniSvnelovanesi faqtoris, arsebobis Sedegia TiTqmis
sasamarTlos Seqmnis dRidan mimdinare aqtiuri akademiuri mimoxilva sakiTxisa, Tu
ramdenad unda warmoadgendes saxelmwifos mier Sesabamisi erovnuli kanonmdeblobis
miRebis safuZvelze ganxorcielebuli amnistiebi da Sewyalebis aqtebi sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dauSveblad gamocxadebis safuZvels. aRniSnuli Temis
aqtualobam kidev erTxel Segvaxsena Tavi sasamarTlos mier ugandis situaciis gamoZiebis
konteqstSi,4
ramac ganaaxla debatebi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.5
romis statutis
SemTxvevaSi gaugebrobas amwvavebs is faqti, rom aRniSnuli dokumenti naTlad da
calsaxad ar awesrigebs amnistiaTa sakiTxs da ufro metic mocavs normebs, romelTa
interpretaciac urTierTsawinaaRmdego suraTs iZleva.
Sesabamisad, winamdebare naSromis mizans warmoadgens, statutis Sesabamisi
normebisa da terminologiis interpretaciis safuZvelze, imsjelos sasamarTlos iurisdiqcias
daqvemdebarebuli danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi amnistiis miniWebisas, erovnuli
procedurebis unarze komplementarobis principidan gamomdinare daabrkolos saqmis
dasaSveboba da garkveulwilad naTeli mohfinos sakiTxs, Tu ra gavlenas axdens simarTlis
1
IMT, The Trial of German Major War Criminals, naw.22, gv. 466, (1950)
2
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (2002), preambula, para.5.
3
Ibid. me-17 muxli.
4
ICC Press Reliese (2004/01/29), “President of Uganda refers situation concerning the Lord’s Resistence
Army (LRA) to the ICC.”
xelmisawvdomia
http://www.icccpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200204/press
%20releases/Pages/index.aspx (ნანახია, 2013/0707).
5
Dwight G. Newman, “The Rome Statute, Some Reservations Concerning Amnesties, and a Distributive
Problem”, American University International Law Review, Volume 20:293(2005) gv.356; Thomas Hethe.
Clark, “The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Amnesties, and the "Interests of Justice":
Striking a Delicate Balance”, Washington University Global Studies Law Review, Volume 4:389(2005)
gv.391.

komisiebisa da erovnuli amnistiebis SerwymiT miRebuli gardamavali marTlmsajulebis
meqanizmebi, sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobaze. am miznis misaRwevad, kvleva
ganviTardeba Semdegi mimarTulebiT: naSromis pirveli Tavi mieZRvneba rogorc
amnistiebis, ise erovnuli simarTlis komisiebis cnebisa da saxeebis ganxilvas. naSromis
meore TavSi amnistiebis sakiTxis gadawyvetis miznisaTvis ukiduresi relevanturibidan
gamomdinare saubari iqneba saerTaSoriso samarTalSi arsebul damnaSavis dasjis
valdebulebaze. mesame Tavi mieZRvneba romis statutis me-17 muxliT dadgenil,
sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis standartebis interpretaciis gziT erovnuli procesisadmi
wayenebuli moTxovnebis identifikaciaze da imaze Tu ramdenad pasuxobs zemoaRniSnuli
gardamavali marTlmsajulebis meqanizmi am konkretul moTxovnebs. xolo naSromis
ukanaskneli Tavi mieZRvneba gamoZiebis dawyebisas prokuroris diskreciis ganxilvas da
imis gansazRvras sworad aris Tu ara miCneuli statutis 53-e muxli marTlmsajulebis
alternatiuli meqanizmebisadmi romis statutis “pativiscemis” demonstrirebad.6
E1. erovnuli amnistiebi da simarTlis komisiebi
aRniSnul TavSi saubari iqneba erovnul amnistiebsa da simarTlis komisiebze.
Uupirveles yovlisa aRsaniSnavia, rom am cnebaTa erTian konteqstSi ganxilva
gamowveulia im saxelmwifoTa praqtikiT, romlebmac simarTlis komisiebisa da erovnuli
amnistiebis dakavSirebiT SeimuSaves erTgvari gardamavali marTlmsajulebis meqanizmi,
romelic Tavad misi Semadgeneli nawilebis bunebidan gamomdinare yvela SemTxvevaSi
individualuri da gansxvavebulia. Sesabamisad, sanam visaubreb erTian suraTze, romelic
SesaZloa Seiqmnas simarTlis komisiebisa da amnistiis kombinaciiT da mis SesaZlo
Sedegebze sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis
miznebisaTvis, gonivruli iqneboda aRniSnul institutTa bunebis ganxilva.
1.1 simarTlis komisiebi
simarTlis komisiebi, romlebic saxelmwifoTa mier araerTxel iqna gamoyenebuli
rogorc marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis alternatiuli meqanizmi, mniSvnelovania ara mxolod
samarTlebriv aramed socialur konteqstSic, Tumca Cemi naSromis miznebisaTvis
mizanSewonilia ganvixil iqnes mxolod simarTlis komisiaTa mandate, maTi unari
Caanacvlon erovnuli sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo meqanizmebi. Sesabamisad am
SemTxvevaSi SevCerdebi mxolod simarTlis komisiaTa samarTlebriv mxareze da
vimsjeleb im sakiTxze SesaZloa Tu ara simarTlis komisiis mier ganxorcielebuli procedura
CaiTvalos gamoZiebad.
6
Cameron, Jurisdiction and Admissibility Issues Under the ICC Statute" in McGoldrick et al (eds), The
Permanent International Criminal Court: Legal and Policy Issues (USA: Hart Publishing 2004) gv.91.

1.1.1. simarTlis komisiaTa cneba da funqciebi
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis (SemdgomSi gaero) mier simarTlis komisia
ganmartebulia rogorc droebiTi arasamarTlebrivi instituti, romelic orientirebulia faqtobrivi
garemoebebis gamovlenaze, rasac ganaxorcielebs konkretuli periodis ganmavlobaSi
adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis gamoZiebis saSualebiT.7
komisiaTa Seqmnis procedura da maTi mandati mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisagan, magaliTisaTvis, isini SeiZleba Seqmnili iyos rogorc aRmasrulebeli da
sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis, ise saerTaSoriso panelis mier, romelic xels uwyobs konfliqtur
mxareTa Soris molaparakebebis warmoebas. miuxedavad am gansxvavebisa simarTlis
komisiebis Sesaxeb dRes arsebuli kvlevebis safuZvelze, SesaZloa moxdes komisiaTa
saerTo Tvisebebis identifikacia, kerZod priscila heineri mis cnobil naSromSi, 15 simarTlis
komisia ayalibebs konkretul maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic saerTos yvela mis mier ganxiluli
komisiisaTvis.8
am maxasiaTeblebidan Cemi naSromis miznebisaTvis yvelaze
mniSvnelovans warmoadgens is, rom rogorc avtori acxadebs, simarTlis komisiis ZiriTadi
mizania adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis zogadi suraTis aRwera da igi ar aris orientirebuli
specifiur movlenaze, Sesabamisad simarTlis komisiebis ZiriTad funqciebad avtorebi
asaxeleben warsulSi Cadenil danaSaulTa gamoZiebasa da gamoZiebis Sedegebis formlur
gaSuqebas, komnfliqtis mxareTa Serigebas da momavalSi darRvevebis Tavidan acilebas,
daskvnebisa da rekomendaciebis gakeTebas da ase Semdeg.9
Sesabamisad, simarTlis komisiis samiznes warmoadgens faqtebi da ara individebi.
faqtebis mimarT mimdinare process, sisxli samarTalSi ewodeba gamoZieba da moicavs ara
mxolod faqtebis kvlevas, aramed damnaSavis identifikaciasac. simarTlis komisiis mier
ganxorcielebuli procesebi sruldeba faqtebis Sesaxeb simarTlis gamovlenisa da ukeTes
SemTxvevaSi damnaSaveTa identificirebasTan erTad da rogorc wesi gvirgvindeba
simarTlis komisiis daskvniT, romelic saSualebas aZlevs sazogadoebas Seityon simarTle
warsulSi Cadenili danaSaulebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, simarTlis komisia ar moicavs
sisxlis samarTlis procesis Semdgom etaps, kerZod sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas, romelic
gamoZiebisagan gansxvavebiT mimarTuli ara faqtebis, aramed individis mimarT da
emsaxureba misi pasuxismgeblobis arseboba-ar arsebobis dadgenas. swored
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis mandatis ar arseboba ayenebs eWvqveS
simarTlis komisiis mier ganxorcielebuli procesis Sesabamisobas pirovnebis dasjis
mizanTan. logikuri iqneba Tu davaskvniT, rom saxelmwifo, romelic uqvemdebarebs
danaSauls simarTlis komisias da ar aniWebs mas damnaSavis dasjis mandats, amgvari
dasjis mizani ar gaaCnia. Ees gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa im ASemTxvevaSi, rodesac
komisiis funqcionirebis paralelurad saxelmwifoSi iqmneba amnistiis kanonmdebloba.
7
UN Secretary-General Report S/2004/616 (2004/08/23), “The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict
and post-conflict societies”, gv.17.
xelmisawvdomiahttp://daccessddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N04/395/29/PDF/N0439529.pdf?OpenElem
ent (ნანახია,2013/0707).
8
Priscilla B. Hayner, “Fifteen truth commissions-1974-1994 comparative study”, Human right Quarterly,
Volume16:597(1994) gv.604.
9
Priscilla B. Hayner, Unspeakable Truths: Confronting State Terror and Atrocities (London: Routledge
2002) gv.24.

1.1.2 simarTlis komisiebi, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis
alternatiuli meqanizmi
simarTlos komisibis zogadi maxasiaTeblebisa da mandatis ganxilvis Semdeg,
mniSvnelovania agreTve Sefasdes saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis midgoma am institutebis
mimarT.
zogierti avtoris azriT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi procesis gziT marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcielebis alternativas SesaZloa warmoadgendes iseTi institutebi rogoricaa simarTlis
komisia.10
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisa da danaSaulTa upirobo dasjis
momxrenic ki Tanxmdebian imaze, rom konkretul SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa gamarTlebuli
iyos marTlmsajulebis aRdgenis kreatiuli gza.11
Sesabamisad, zogierti avtori Tvlis, rom
konkretuli kriteriumebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi simarTlis komisia SesaZloa
CaiTvalos legitimurad. aseT kriteriumebs daakmayofilebs iseTi komisiebi, romlebic
magaliTisaTvis, Seqmnilia demokratiulad arCeuli xelisuflebis mier, aris miukerZoebeli da
damoukidebeli organo, gaaCnia farTo mandati, romelic saSualebas aZlevs Caataros
srulfasovani gamoZieba da ar iyos SezRuduli konkretuli danaSaulebiT, gaaCnia
uflebamosileba Caataros sajaro mosmenebi, hqondes msxverplTaTvis reparaciis
miniwebaze rekomendaciebis gakeTebis uflebamosileba da SeimuSavos amomwuravi
moxseneba gamovlenil faqtobriv garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT konkretul droSi.12
Sesabamisad saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba ar uaryofs im faqts, rom konkretuli tipis
simarTlis komisiam SesaZloa daakmayofilos marTlmsajulebis alternatiuli meqanizmis
kriteriuebi da zogierT SemTxvevasi ukeT emsaxuros marTlmsajuleis aRdgenis mizans.
rogorc gaeros yofilma generalurma mdivanma kofi ananma sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTloze saubrisas aRniSna, sasamarTlom erTveba mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxelmwifos ar surs an ar SeuZulia gamoZiebis Catareba,
ramdenadac mis mizans warmoadgens imis uzrunvelyofa, rom damnaSaveebma sakuTari
politikuri mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT Tavidan ar aicilon pasuxismgebloba.Man agreTve
xazi gausva, rom aseTi viTareba aRar arsebobs samxreT afrikaSi, sadac danaSaulebrivi
reJimi, romelic pasuxismgebeli iyo adamianis uflebaTa mZim darRvevebisaTvis, aRar
arsebobs da Zalaufleba msxverplTa xelSia.13
1.2 erovnuli amnistiebi
rogorc avtorTa umravlesoba aRniSnavs, termini amnistia warmoadgens berZnul
sityvas da niSnavs patiebas.14
Aarsebuli literaturidan ikveTeba, rom amnistia ar
10
J.E. Alvarcz, Altcrnativcs to Criminal justice in Antonio Cassese (ed), The Oxford Companion to
Interalanal Criminal justice (Oxford University Press 2009) gv.25.
11
Robin Perry, “The Nature, Status and Future of Amnesties under International Criminal Law“, Australian
International Law Journal, Volume 18:77(2011) gv.89.
12
John Dugard, “Dealing with Crimes of a Past Regime: Is Amnesty Still an Option?” Leiden Journal of
International Law, Volume 12:1001(1999) gv.1005;
13
Charles Villa-Vicencio, "Why Perpetrators Should Not Always Be Prosecuted: Where the International
Criminal Court and Truth Commissions Meet", Emory Law Journal, Volume 49:205(2000) gv.222.
14
Michael Scharf, “The Amnesty Exception to the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court” Cornell
International LauwJournal, Volume 32:507(1999) gv.507; Ben Chigara, Amnesty in International Law: The
Legality under International Law of National Amnesty Laws (London: Longman, 2002), gv.8.

warmoadgens axal instituts da igi Seiqmna kanonis SeqmnasTan erTad.15
Ppirvelad
amnistia gamoyenebuli iqna Cvens welTaRricxvamde 1286 wels da mas Semdeg arsebobs
rogorc danaSaulis patiebis saSualeba.16
Aamnistia gansazRvrulia, rogorc kanonmdebloba, romelic icavs damnaSaves
samoqalaqo da sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan warsulSi, politikur konteqstSi
Cadenili danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi.17
swored es specifiuri xasiaTi ganasxvavebs
amnistias misi msgavsi efeqtis mqone institutis, Sewyalebisagan.18
Aam or instituts, agreTve ganasxvaveben maTi miznebidan gamomdinare,
ramdenadac amnistias, rogorc wesi gaaCnia mSvidobis damyarebis mizani.19
magaliTisaTvis, samxreT afrikis konstitucia pirdapir iTvaliswinebs amnistiis gamoyenebas
am konkretuli miznis misaRwevad.20
Yyoveli konkretuli tipis amnistiis xasiaTis detaluri Seswavla scdeba winamdebare
naSromis farglebs, Sesabamisad am SemTxvevaSi Cems mizans warmoadgens garda
zogadi maxasiaTeblebisa da tendenciebisa, romlebic amnistiis institutTan mimarTebaSi
vlindeba erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi, ganvixilo misi adgili saerTaSoriso samarTalSi.
1.2.1 erovnuli amnistiis saxeebi
amnistiis saxeebis mravali dayofa arsebobs, yvelaze zogads warmoadgens misi
dayofa ori tipis amnistiad: 1.egreT wodebuli blanketuri. blanketuri amnistia warmoadgens
iseTi tipis amnistias, romelic uaryofs yvelanair moTxovnas misi mimRebis mimarT da
zogierT SemTxvevaSi faqtebis gamoZiebis aucileblobasac.21
2.pirobiTi amnistia, romlis
misaniWeblad saWiroa konkretuli pirobis Sesruleba an kriteriumebis dakmayofileba
magaliTad rogoricaa danaSaulis aRaireba, simarTlis gamovleba, simarTlis komisiis winaSe
wardgoma da ase Semdeg.22
amnistia SeiZleba iyos mimarTuli konkretul periodSi Cadenili danaSaulebisaken,
amnistia SeiZleba ganvasxvavoT damnaSaveTa mdgomareobisa da maT mier danaSaulis
CadenaSi Setanili wvlilis mixedviT. amnistia SeiZeba iyos avtomaturi, faravdes konkretuli
klasis warmomadgenel yvela damnaSaves, an eniWebodes individualurad. konkretuli
pirovnebis mimarT miniWebuli amnistiebis SemTxvevaSi misi pirobobebi SesaZloa iyos
gansxvavebuli, magaliTad individs moeTxovebodes an ar moeTxovebodes mis mier
Cadenil danaSaulTa detaluri aRwera da aRiareba.
15
Robert Parker, “Fighting the Siren’s Song: The Problem of Amnesty in Historical and Contemporary
Perspective”, Acta Juridica Hungaria, Volume 42:96(2001) gv.76.
16
Andreas O'Shea, Amnesy for Crimes in International Law and Practice (New York: Kluwer Law
International 2002) gv.5-6.
17
A. O'Shea, “Amnesy for Crime in International Law and Practice (London: Kluwer Law International,
2002) gv.1; Bryan A. Garner, Black’s Law Dictionary (United States of America: West Group, 1999) gv.83.
18
Faustin Z. Ntouband, Amnesty for Crimes Against Humanity Under International Law (The Netherlands:
Koninklijke Brill NV 2007) გვ.10.
19
A. O'Shea, “Amnesy for Crime in International Law and Practice (London: Kluwer Law International,
2002) gv 2.
20
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act No. 200 (1993).
21
Meintjes G. Méndez J.E., Reconciling Amnesties with Universal Jurisdiction International Law Forum du
droit international, Volume 2:75(2000) gv.85; Kristin Henrard, The Viability of National Amnesties in View of
the Increasing Recognition of Individual Criminal Responsibility at Iternlationlal Law, Michigan State
University Jurnal of International Law, Volume 8:598(1999) gv.630
22
Gwen K. Young, All the Truth and as Much Justice as Possible, U.C. Davis Journal of International Law &
Policy, Volume 9:209(2003) gv.213.

amnistia SeiZleba mimarTuli iyos mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi
pasuxismgeblobisaken an moicvas, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebriv, ise
samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi xelSeuxebloba konkretul danaSaulTan mimarTebaSi.23
samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebas amnistiis safuZvelze
SesaZloa mohyves raime tipis alternatiuli dakmayofileba msxverplisaTvis.24
1.2.2. saerTaSoriso samarTlis midgoma amnistiebis mimarT
ramdenadac winamdebare naSromis mizans warmoadgens ganaviTaros msjeloba imis
Sesaxe SeiZleba Tu ara erovnuli procesi, romelic dasrulda amnistiis miniWebiT gaxdes
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis damabrkolebeli
garemoeba, mniSvnelovania Seswavlili iqnes saerTaSoriso samarTlis midgoma am
sakiTxis mimarT.
saerTaSoriso samarTlis midgoma erovnul amnistiaTa mimarT metad
winaaRmdegobrivia. amnistiebsa da adamianis uflebebze debatebi aqtiurad gvxvdeba
meoce saukunis Sua xanebSi, rodesac axla Seqmnili arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis propagandiT moiTxovdnen patimarTaTvis amnistiis
miniWebas.25
dResdReobiT am praqtikis mowinaaRmdegeTa simravle nawilobriv
ganapiroba laTinuri amerikis konfliqtebis dros ganviTarebulma movlenebma, sadac
adamianis uflebaTa mZime darRvevebSi damnaSave reJimebis liderebma
pasuxismgeblobisagan Tavis daRwevis mizniT, guluxvad mianiWes sakuTar Tavsa da maT
momxreebs amnistiebi. laTinuri amerikis konfliqtebis konteqstSi sxvadasxva tipis
amnistiebma moicva mravali qveyana. aRniSnuli praqtika imdenad farTomasStabiani iyo,
rom mas erT-erTma avtorma amnistiebis epidemiac ki uwoda.26
amnistiis mowinaaRmdegeTa gancxadebiT, misi gamoyeneba adamianis uflebaTa
mZime darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi ewinaaRmdegeba saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebs.27
Sesabamisad, gansxvavebiT warsulisagan, rodesac amnistia politikis warmarTvis
saSualebas armoadgenda, dResdReobiT demokratiul mTavrobaTa arsebobis pirobebSi,
romlebic SezRudulni arian kanoniT, amnistiis miniWebis sakiTxis garkveul
kanonmdeblobas eqvemdebareba.28
mraval avtors aqvs gamoTqmuli mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra kriteriumebs unda
akmayofilebdes amnistia imisaTvis, rom miCneul iqnas validurad, magaliTad amnistia
unda iyos ukanaskneli saSualeba erovnuli konfliqtis dasasruleblad da mSvidobis
dasamyareblad.29
agreTve gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom saWiroa kriteriumebis
23
Amnesty Act 2000 (Uganda).
24
Kent Greenawalt, Amnesty's Justice, Robert I. Rotberg, Dennis Thompson(eds.), Truth v. Justice: The
Moralty of Truth Commissions (United Kingdon: Princeton University Press 2000) gv.195.
25
Orlaith Minogue, Peace vs. Justice: The Utility of Amnesties, Criminal Justice Ethics, Volume 29:306(2010)
gv.306.
26
Mahnoush H. Arsanjani, The International Criminal Court and National Amnesty Laws, The American
Society of International Law, Volume 93:65(1999) gv.66.
27
Human Rights Watch, Algeria:Amnesty Law Risks Legalizing Impunity for Crimes Against
Humanity(2005/04/14), xelmisawvdomia http://www.hrw.org/news/2005/04/13/algeria-amnesty-law-risks-
legalizing-impunity-crimes-against-humanity (nanaxia 2013/07/07).
28
Helmut Gropengieber and Jorg Meibner, Amnesties and rome Statute of international criminal court,
International Criminal Law Review, Volume 5:267(2005) gv.271.
29
International LauwJournal, Volume 32:507(1999) gv.512.

SemoReba amnistiis ara mxolod mopovebis, aramed SenarCunebisTvisac, garda amisa,
unda arsebobdes amnistiis miniWebaze zedamxeveli saxelmwifos xelisuflebisagan
damoukideblad moqmedi organo.30
avtorebs Camoyalibebuli aqvT dasaSvebi amnistiis
mravalricxovani kriteriumebi.31
mniSvnelovani ganviTareba rac ukve calsaxad naTelia aris is, rom blanketuri
amnistiebi saerTaSoriso samarTalSi aRar aris misaRebi.32
mniSvnelovnad mxardaWerilia
is idea, rom blanketuri amnistiebi saerTaSoriso danaSaulebisa da adamianis uflebaTa sxva
mZime darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi ar warmoadgens sxva saxelmwifoebisaTvis iurisdiqciis
gavrcelebis damabrkolebel garemoebas. rogorc antonio kasese acxaebs, saerTaSoriso
danaSaulebi warmoadgens Tavdasxmas saerTaSoriso Rirebulebebze da arcerT sxelmwifos
ar aqvs ulebamosileba Tavidan aacilos damnaSaves misi qmedebebis Sedegebi.33
rac
Seexeba pirobiT amnistiebs, saerTaSoriso samarTali maT calsaxad ar krZalavs, Tumca
mravali e.w rbili samarTlis dokumenti acxadebs, rom igi dauSebelia adamianis uflebaTa
mZime darRvevebisa da saerTaSoriso danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi.34
erT-erTi avtori, sierra-
leones da aRmosavleT timoris situaciebis ganxilvis safuZvelze mivida im daskvnamde,
rom saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba am SemTxvevaSi warmodgenili gaeros saxiT, zogjer
xedavs amnistiis saWiroebas, Tumca uars ambobs aRiaros legitimurad adamianis uflebaTa
mZime darRvvebis SemTxvevaSi amnistiis miniWeba erovnuli xelisuflebis mier.35
Mmiuxedavad amisa, rogorc ukve aRvniSne amnistiis mimarT saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebis midgoma winaaRmdegobrivia rac gulisxmobs imas, rom amnistiaTa
miniWebis praqtika iseTive farTomasStabiania, rogoric maTi akrZalvis saWiroebaze
TiTqmis universaluri Tanxmoba.
amnistiis momxreTa azriT, misi arsebobis pirobebSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi gamoZiebis
Catareba axangrZlivebs da arTulebs konfliqturi situacias,36
meore mxriv amnistiis
mowinaarmdegeebi Tanxmdebian imaze, rom aRniSnuli praqtika xels uwyobs dausjelobis
propagandas.37
miuxedavad am sirTulisa Sesaloa davaskvnaT, rom saerTaSoriso samarTali
viTardeba amnistiebis akrZalvis mimarTulebiT.
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, rTulia dadgindes amnistiebisa da simarTlis komisiebis
adgili saerTaSoriso samarTalSi da Sesabamisad maTi relevanturoba sisxlis samarTlis
30
Mark Freeman, Necessary Evils: Amnesties and the Search for Justice (United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press, 2010) gv.71.
31
Robert O.Weiner, Trying to Make Ends Meet: Reconciling the Law and Practice of Human Rights
Amnesties, St.Mary's Law Journal, Volume 26:857(1995) gv.871; Ronald C. Slye, The Legitimacy of
Amnesties Under International Law and General Principles of Anglo-American Law: Is a Legitimate Amnesty
Possible? Virginia Journal of International Law Association, Volume43:173(2002) gv.247; Helmut
Gropengieber and Jorg Meibner, Amnesties and rome Statute of international criminal court, International
Criminal Law Review, Volume 5:267(2005) gv.278-280.
32
Neil J. Kritz, Coming to Terms with Atrocities: A Review of Accountability Mechanisms for Mass Violations
of Human Right, Law and Contemporary Problems, Volume 59:127(1996) gv.129; John Dugard, Dealing
with Crimes of a Past Regime: Is Amnesty Still an Option?, Leiden Journal of International Law, Volume
12:1001(1999) gv.1015.
33
Antonio Cassese, International Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2003) gv.315.
34
Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction(2001),
xelmisawvdomia http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/princeton.html (nanaxia 2013/07/07);
35
Diba Majzub, Peace of Justice? Amnesties and the International Criminal Court, Melbourne Journal of
International Law, Volime 3:247(2002) gv.272-276.
36
Thomas H. Clark, The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Amnesties, and the "Interests of
Justice": Striking a Delicate Balance, Washington University Global Studies :aw Review, Volume
4:289(2005) gv.404.
37
Michael P. Scharf, The Functions of Justice and Anti-Justice in the Peace-Building Process, Case Western
Reserve Journal of International Law, Volume 35:161(2003) gv.176.

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos miznebisaTvis, saerTaSoriso danaSaulTa da adamianis uflebaTa
mZime darRvevebisas damnaSavis dasjis valdebulebis arseboba-ar arsebobis ganxilvis
gareSe, Sesabamisad Semdegi Tavi mieZRvneba saxelmwifoTa dasjis valdebulebis
ganxilvas.
2. damnaSaveTa dasjis valdebuleba
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis winapirobas ar
warmoadgens saxelmwifos mier damnaSavis dasjis saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi
valdebulebis darRveva, Sesabamisad erovnuli amnistiebis legaluroba saerTaSoriso
samarTalSi sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis miznebisaTvis, samarTlebrivad
ararelevanturia.38
Miuxedavad amisa, safuZvels moklebuli ar unda iyos varaudi, rom
sasamarTlo ar cnobs dasaSvebobis damabrkolebel garemoebad iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac
saxelmwifo arRvevs piris dasjis valdebulebas.39
amis mizezi martivia, romis statutis
preambulis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo mowodebulia ebrZolos dausjeobas. dausjelobis
praqtikis arseboba-ar arseboba unda dadgindes iqidan gamomdinare Tu ramdenad arsebobs
dasjis samarTlebrivi da moraluri molodini. Sesabamisad damnaSavis dasjis valdebulebis
arseboba samarTlebrivi gavlenis ar qonis miuxedavad, met-naklebad mainc
gasaTvaliswinebelia sasamarTloSi saqmis dasSvebobis dadgenisas.
Ggarda amisa, amgvari dasjis valdebulebis darRveva martivad SeiZleba iqnes
interpretirebuli, rogorc saxelmifos mxridan danaSaulis gamoZiebis survilis ar arseboba, rac
Tavis mxriv romis statutis me-17 muxlis Sesabamisad, sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis
erT-erT winapirobas warmoadgens.40
Sesabamisad, vfiqrob romis statutis mier winaaRmdegobrivi normebis ganmtkicebis
pirobebSi, romlebic ar iZleva saSuelabs gaices calsaxa pasuxi kiTxvaze unda aRiaros Tu
ara sasamarTlos simarTlis komisiebisa da amnistiebis Serwymit miRebuli gardamavali
marTlmsajulebis modeli, saqmis dasaSvebobis damabrkolebel garemoebad, mniSvnelovani
iqneba ganxiluli iqnes iseTi faqtorebi rogoricaa damnaSaveTa dasjis valdebuleba.
2.2 damnaSavis dasjis valdebuleba
aRniSnuli TavSi ganxiluli iqneba saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis midgoma saxelmwifos
mxridan damnaSavis dasjis valdebulebis arsebobasTan mimarTebaSi.
damnaSavis dasjis valdebuleba saerTaSoriso samarTalSi ganxiluli unda iqnes
saerTaSoriso samarTlis tradiciuli wyaroebis kvlevis safuZvelze. Sesabamisad gansaxilvels
sakiTxs warmoadgens saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi, rogorc saxelmwifoTa valdebulebis
38
Anja Seibert-Fohr, The Relevance of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court for Amnesties
and Truth Commissions, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, Volume 7:553(2003) gv.564.
39
Gerhard Hafner et al, A Response to the American View as Presented by Ruth Wedgwood, European Journal
of International Law, Volume 10:109(1999) gv.111.
40
Carsten Stahn, Complementarity, amnesties and Alternative forms of justice: some Interpretative guidelines
for International Criminal Court, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Volume 3:659(2005) gv.703.

wyaroebi da saerTaSoriso Cveuleba, romelic qmnis valdebulebebs konvenciuri samarTlis
ar arsebobis miuxedavad.41
Sesabamisad damnaSavis dasjis valdebuleba ganxiluli unda iqnes yoveli konkretuli
danaSaulis mimarT, am SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis iurisdiqciidan
gamomdiare saubadi iqneba genocidis, kacobriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa da
omis danaSaulebze.42
2.2.1 რომის სტატუტით გათვალისწინებული დანაშაულები
arsebobs TiTqmis universaluri Tanxmoba imis Sesaxeb, rom romis statutiT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebi warmoadgens universalur iurisdiqcias daqvemdebarebul
danaSaulebs.43
Tumca, ar unda moxdes universaluri iurisdiqciis areva damnaSavis
gadacemis an dasjis CveulebiTsamarTlebriv valdebulebaSi, radgan universaluri iurisdiqcia
gulisxmobs damnaSavis dasjis uflebas da ara valdebulebas.
gamomdinare iqidan, damnaSavis dasjis valdebuleba ganxiluli unda iqnes yoveli
konkretuli danaSaulis mimarT, am SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis
iurisdiqciidan gamomdiare saubadi iqneba genocidis, kacobriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul
danaSaulTa da omis danaSaulebze.
2.2.1.1. saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebi
Aarsebobs Tanxmoba imis Sesaxeb, rom romis statutiT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSaulebi warmoadgens saxelmwifoTa valdebulebas. aRniSnuli upirveles yovlisa
Sedegia genocidisa da omis danaSaulebis amkrZalavi konvenciebis TiTqmis universaluri
ratifikaciisa.
saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebi Cveulebisagan gansxvavebiT warmoadgens
kodificirebul valdebulebebs, romelTa darRvevac saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa Sesaxeb
venis konvenciis Sesabamisad ar SeiZleba gamarTlebul iqnes erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT.44
Sesabamisad saxelmwifo sakuTar kanonmdeblobas, romelic iTvaliswinebs amnistias
konkretuli danaSaulisaTvis, ver daayenebs damnaSavis dasjis saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv
valdebulebaze maRla.
Kkonvenciebis umetesoba iTvaliswinebs egreT wodebul gadaeci an dasaje princips,
romelic realurad eqstradiciis samarTlis nawilia, Tumca igi xSirad analogiuria dasjis
valdebulebisa. es pirvel rigSi gamowveulia imiT, rom im SemTxvevaSi Tu ar xdeba
damnaSavis gadacema, rac praqtikaSi arcTu xSiria, saxelmwifo valdebulia dasajos
41
Statute of the International Court of Justice, 38-e muxli (1945).
42
Statute of the International Court of Justice, me-5 muxli (2002).
43
The Ptinceton Ptincples on Universal Jurisdiction (2001), Principle 2(1).
44
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 27-ე მუხლი (1969); PCIJ, Series B, №17, Greco-Bulgarian
"Communities", para.32 (1930); PCIJ, Series A/B, №44, Polish Nationals in Danzig, para.24 (1931); PCIJ,
Series A/B, №46, Free Zones Case, para.167 (1932).

damnaSave.45
arniSnuli principi warmoadgens saxelSekrulebo samarTlis nawils da
dResdReobiT ganmtkicebulia mraval konvenciaSi.46
Oomis danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi, damnaSavis dasjis valdebulebaze saubrobs 1949
wlis Jenevis konvenciebi da 1977 wlis pirveli damatebiTi protokoli.47
wiTeli jvris
komentarebis Sesabamisad, aRnisnuli valdebuleba absoluturia.48
aRsaniSnavia, rom zog
emTxvevaSi, sowred Jenebis konvenciebia moSveliebuli omis danaSaulebze amnistiis
gavrcelebis ideis mxardasaWerad, kerZod, avorebi xSirad akeTeben konvenciebis meore
damatebiTi protokolis me-5 muxlis interpretacias ise, TiTqos is eweodes amnistiis
propagandas, Tumca aRniSnuli midgoma ar miiCneva marTebulad, radgan am normis
mizans warmoadgens arasaerTaSoriso konfliqtebSi kombatantTa dacva da ara omis
damnaSaveTaTvis amnistiis miniWeba.49
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom es valdebuleba vrceldeba
Jenevis konvenciebis mZime darRvevebze mxolod saerTaSoriso konfliqtis dros da
Sesabamisad faravas romis statutis me-8 muxlis meore punqtis a nawils da ar iTvaliswinebs
aseT valdebulebas sxva omis danaSaulebTan mimarTebSi, rac mniSvnelovnad zRuravs im
omis danaSaulTa raodenobas, romelTa Cadenis SemTxvevaSic saxelmwifos gaaCnia
damnaSavis dasjis valdebuleba.50
gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac amnistiebis praqtika
umetes SemTxvevebSi swored saSinao konfliqtebSi gvxvdeba.
genocidis danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi, damnaSavis dasjis valdebuleba momdinareobs
genocidis konvenciis me-6 muxlidan.51
rac Seexeba kacobriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebs, am SemTxvevaSi
SedarebiT rTulia gavadginoT damnaSavis dasjis valdebuleba, radgan ar arsebobs
konvencia, romelic daakisrebs saxelSekrulebo tipis valdebulebas saxelmwifoebs.52
Tumca
es ar gulisxmobs imas rom konkretuli qmedebebi, romlebic Sedis kacobriobis winaaRmdeg
mimarTul danaSaulSi ar warmoadgens saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo samarTliT regulirebis
sagans, magaliTad wamebis danaSauli, gaTvaliswinebulia gaeros 1984 wlis wamebis
sawinaaRmdego konvenciis me-4 muxSi.53
2.2.1.2 saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlidan momdinare valdebulebebi
45
Miles M. Jackson, The Customary International Law Duty To Prosecute Crimes Against Humanity: A New
Framework, Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, Voume. 16:117(2007) გვ.127.
46
Convention for the Supression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, me-7 muxli, (1971).
47
Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field,
49-e muxli (1949); Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked
Members of Armed Forces at Sea, 50-e muxli (1949); Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of
War, 129-e muxli (1949); Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 146-e
muxli (1949).
48
Theodor Meron, Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms as Customary Law (USA:Oxford University
Press, 1991) gv.215.
49
Gerhard Hafner et al, A Response to the American View as Presented by Ruth Wedgwood, European Journal
of International Law, Volume 10:109(1999) gv.111; Tristan Garcia, Amnesties and the Tome Statute-A
Legitimate Bar to Prosecution?, Australian International Law Journal, Volume 10:188(2006) gv.192.
50
International LauwJournal, Volume 32:507(1999) gv.516.
51
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, me-6 muxli (1951).
52
M. Cherif Bassiouni, "Crimes Against Humanity": The Need for a Specialized Convention, Columbia
Journal of Transnational Law, Volume 31:457(1993-1994) gv.457-494.
53
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, მე-4
მუხლი (1984).

rogoc marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, saerTaSoriso Cveulebis
CamoyalibebisaTvis saxelmwifoTa mier valdebulebis arsebobis Segnebasa da
aRiarebasTan erTad (e.w Opinio Juris), saWiroa arseobdes saxelmwifoTa praqtika.54
rogorc ukve aRiniSna konvenciuri samaTali adgens valdebulebebs mxolod
xelSekrulebis wevri saxelmwifobisaTvis, Tumca arsebobs TiTqmis universaluri Tanxmoba
imis Sesaxeb, rom romis statutiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis dasjis valdebuleba
agreTve ganmtkicebulia CveulebiTi samarTliT. amas adasturebs mravali egreT wodebuli
rbili samarTlis dokumenti magaliTisaTvis gaeros sxvadasxva organoebis rezoluciebi.55
Ggenocidis danaSaulisa da omis danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania
ganxiluli iqnes saerTaSoriso saxelSekrulebo samarTlis CveulebiT samarTlad gardaqmnis
tendencia. met-naklebad universaluri ratifikaciis mqone konvenciebis normebis
moqmedebis farglebi scdeba maT wevr saxelmwifoebs da CveulebiTi samarTlis saxiT
vrceldeba agreTve arawevr saxelmwifoebzec. dResdReobiT genocidis danaSaulis
dagmobisa da Jenevis konvenciebis universaluri ratifikaciis fonze, saerTaSoriso
sazogadoeba garkveulwilad Tanxmdeba imaze, rom genocidis da omis danaSaulebis dasjis
konvenciuri valdebuleba gaxda CveulebiTi samarTlis nawili.
kacobriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebis Camden pirTa dasjis valdebulebis
arsebobas farTo mxardaWera aqvs saerTaSoriso samarTalSi generaluri asambleis
rezoluciebis saxiT,56
romlebic am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT relevanturia, radgan rogorc
marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, miuxedavad imisa, rom generaluri
asambleis rezoluciebs savaldebulo Zala ar gaaCnia, am organos warmomadgenlobiTi
xasiaTidan gamomdinare, misi rezoluciebi SesaZloa warmoadgendes opinion juris
arsebobis gamoxatulebas.57
am konkretuli sakiTxis miznebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia 1973 wlis rezolucia,58
romelic sruli umravlesobiT iqna miRebuli da calsaxad
acxadebs, rom arsebobs omis danaSaulebisa da kacobriobis winaarmdeg mimarTuli
danaSaulebis dasjis valdebuleba. Ggarda amisa aRniSnuli valdebulebis arseboba
ganmtkicebulia akademiur naSromebSi59
da saerTaSoriso tribunalebis
gadawyvetilebebSi.60
avtorebi agreTve xazs usvamen romis statutiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauleibs
akrZalvis specifikur xasiaTs, rogorc jus cogens normebs, romlebic Tavis mxriv qmnian
damnaSavis dasjis an gadacemis erga omnes valdebulebas.61
Jus cogens normebi
warmoadgens saerTaSoriso samarTlis umniSvnelovanes wesebs,62
xolo erga omnes
valdebuleba Tavi mxriv gulisxmobs valdebulebas ara konkretuli saxelmwifos, aramed
zogadad saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis winaSe.63
Sesabamisad, danaSaulebi, romelTa
54
ICJ, North Sea Continental Shelf (Federal Republic of Germany/Netherlands), para.77 (1969).
55
UNGA Res. 3074(1974); UNSC Res. 1315(2000); UN Commission on Human Rights Res. 2002/79;
UNCHR Res. 79(2002).
56
UNGA Res. 3074; UNGA Res. 2312; UNGA. Res. 2712; UNGA Res. 2840; UNGA Res. 2312; UNGA
Res. 1989/65; UNGA Res. 47/133.
57
ICJ, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons advisory opinion, para.70 (1995).
58
UNGA. Res. 3074.
59
M. Cherif Bassiouni, Searching for Peace and Achieving Justice: The Need for Accountability, Law and
Contemporary Problems, Volume 59:9(1996) gv.17-18.
60
ICTY Case No IT-95-17/1-T, Prosecutor v Furundzia, para.l51-157, (1998).
61
M. Cherif Bassiouni, International Crimes: Jus Cogens and Obligatio Erga Omnes, Law and
Contemporary Problems Volume 59:63(1996) gv.63; ICJ, Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention
and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, para.23 (1951); ICJ, Application of the Convention on the
Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, para.31 (1996).
62
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 53-e muxli (1969).
63
ICJ, Case concerning the Barcelona traction, para.33 (1962).

akrZalvamac jus cogens normis statuss miaRwia Tavis TavSi moicaven maTze universaluri
iurisdiqciis gavrcelebis SesaZleblobas,64
rac gulisxmobs imas, rom nebismieri saxelmwifo
uflebamosilia dasajos misi damrRvevi. xolo meore mxriv, jus cogens normebi, romlebic
icavs ara konkretuli piris an saxelmwifos, aramed mTlianad saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovan sikeTes, darRvevis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifos, romlis
iurisdiqciaSic imyofeba damnaSave akisreben misi dasjis erga omnes valdebulebas.
gabatonebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, am ori wesis Serewyma iwvevs jus cogens normebis
darRvevisas damnaSavis dasjis an gadacemis valdebulebas.65
Sesabamisad zemoarniSnuli msjelobidan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom am sakiTxTan
mimarTebaSi damnaSavis dasjis valdebulebis Sesaxeb opinion juris arsebobs.
Tumca rogorc ukve aRiniSna CveulebiTsamarTlebrivi normis CamoyalibebisaTvis,
mxolode saxelmwifoTa mier konkretuli valdebulebis Segneba ar aris sakmarisi, aramed
agreTve mniSvnelovania saxelmwifoTa praqtikis Seswavlac, romelic am mxriv metad
winaaRmdegobrivia. kerZod saxelmwifoebi ganagrZoben saerTaSoriso danaSaulebis
Camden pirTaTvis amnistiis miniWebas,66
rac Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs imas, rom
miuxedavad generaluri asambleis rezoluciebis msgavs arasavaldebulo dokumentebSi
gamoxatuli TiTqmis universaluri Tanxmobisa, saxelmwifoebi jer ar arian mzad aRiaron
saerTaSoriso danaSaulTa Camdeni pirebis dasjis da Sesabamisad amnistiebis akrZalvis
CveulebiTsamarTlebrivi valdebulebis arseboba.67
es midgoma gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa
bolo droindeli movlenebis fonze, rodesac masiurad xdeboda amnistiis miniWeba
konfliqtebis regulirebis mizniT.
romis statutiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis ganxilva ar gvaZlevs imis saSualebas
SevafasoT arsebobs Tu ara konkretuli danaSaulebis dasjis CveulebiTsamarTlebrivi
valdebuleba, es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania kacobriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi, romelic ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli arcerT konvenciaSi da
Sesabamisad CveulebiTsamarTlebrivi valdebulebis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, arc
SezsRuduli raodenobis saxelmwifoebisTvis Seqmnis saxelSekrulebo valdebulebebs.
Sesabamisad gansakuTrebiT kacobriobis winaaRmdeg danaSaulebTan mimarTebaSi,
relevanturi iqneba ganvixiloT adamianis uflebaTa sxva mZime darRvevebi, romlebic
SesaZloa warmoadgendnen romis statutis me-7 muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul
qmedebebs.
2.2.2 adamianis uflebaTa mZime darRvevebi
winamdebare qveTavSi saubari iqneba adamianis uflebaTa mZime darRvevebis
SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifoTa mxridan damnaSavis dasjis valdebulebis Sesaxeb. Aam
konteqstSi ganxiluli iqneba adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis sferoSi arsebuli
sami ZiriTadi dokumenti da maT Sesrulebaze sazedamxedvelo organoTa mier maTi
64
ICTY, Prosecutor v. Furundzija, para.156 (1998).
65
Robert Cryer, Hakan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wilmshurst, An Introduction to International
Criminal Law and Procedure (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007) გვ.60.
66
Michael P. Scharf, Swapping Amnesty for Peace: Was There a Duty To Prosecute International Crimes in
Haiti, Texas International Law Journal, Volume 31:1(1996) gv.36;
67
John Dugard, “Dealing with Crimes of a Past Regime: Is Amnesty Still an Option?” Leiden Journal of
International Law, Volume 12:1001(1999) gv.1002.

interpretaciisas dadgenili standartebi, ramdenadac rogorc marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos wesdebis 38-e muxli acxadebs, sasamarTloTa gadawyvetilebebi SesaZloa
miCneul iqnes saerTaSoriso samarTlis wyarod.68
2.2.2.1 adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli sistema
Aadamianis uflebaTa amerikul sistemas safuZveli Caeyara 1948 wels, rodesac
amerikis saxelmwifoTa organiaciam miiRo adamianis uflebaTa deklaracia.69
aRniSnuli
procesis gagrZelda 1959 wels adamianis uflebaTa inter-amerkuli komisiis SeqmniTa da
mogvianebiT adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli konvenciis miRebiT, romelic ZalaSi Sevida
1978 wels da romlis bazazec dafuZnda adamianis uflebaTa inter-amerikuli sasamarTlo.70
aRniSnuli sasamarTlos praqtika metad mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso amnistiisadmi
saerTaSoriso samsarTlis midgomis kvlevisas, ramdenadac sasamarTlom mravaljer ganixila
amnistiis sakiTxi laTinuri amerikis saxelmwifoTa konfliqtebis konteqstSi. magaliTisaTvis,
sasamarTlom ganixila Semdegi saxelmwifoebis erovnuli amnistiis kanonmdeblobis
Sesabamisoba adamianis uflebaTa inter-amerikul konvenciasTan: urugvai,71
peru,72
argentina,73
el salvadori,74
Cile.75
amnistiis konteqstSi sasamarTlos msjeloba ZiriTadad efuZneboda adamianis
uflebaTa inter-amerikuli konvenciis sam muxls. kerZod, erT-erT gadawyvetilebaSi
sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom konvenciis pirvel muxlSi gansazRvruli adamianis uflebaTa
pativiscemis uzrunvelyofisl movaleoba moicavs agreTve iseTi Sidasaelmwifoebrivi
sistemis Seqmnis valdebulebas, romelic samarTlebrivad uzrunvelyofs konvenciiT
gaTvaliswinebul adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa srulyofil dacvasa da pativiscemas,
rac Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs imas, rom am valdebulebis aRebis Sedegad, saxelmwifoebma
unda ganaxorcielon adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis prevencia, gamoZieba da dasja.76
Pirveli muxlis konteqsSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania inter-amerikuli sasamarTlos
gadawyvetileba, sadac man ganacxada, rom amnistiis kanonmdeblobis ZaliT,
sisxlissamarTlebrivi procedurebis Catarebis SeuZleblobam eWvqveS daayena msxverplTa
68
Statute of International Court of Justice, 38-e muxli (1945).
69
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948).
70
American Convention on Human Rights (1978).
71
Mendoza et. al. v. Uruguay, Cases 10.029, 10.036, 10.145, 10.305, 10.372, 10.373, 10.374 and 10.375,
Report No. 29/92, Inter-Am.C.H.R., OEA/Ser.L/V/II.83 Doc. 14 at 154 (1993). xelmisawvdomia
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/cases/29-92-URUGUAY.htm (nanaxia 2013/07/07).
72
Barrios Altos v. Peru, Judgment of November 30, 2001, Inter-Am Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 87 (2001).
xelmisawvdomia http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/iachr/C/87-ing.html (nanaxia 2013/07/07).
73
Consuelo et al. v. Argentina, Case 10.147, 10.181, 10.240, 10.262, 10.309, 10.311 Report No. 28/92, Inter-
Am.C.H.R., OEA/Ser.L/V/II.83 Doc. 14 at 41 (1993). xelmisawvdomia
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/cases/28-92-ARGENTINA.htm (nanaxia 2013/07/07).
74
Monsenor Oscar Arnulfo Romero and Galdamez v. El Salvador, Case 11.481, Report N° 37/00,
OEA/Ser.L/V/II.106 Doc. 3 rev. at 671 (1999). xelmisawvdomia
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/cases/37-00.html (nanaxia 2013/07/07).
75
Carmelo Soria Espinoza v. Chile, Case 11.725, Report Nº 133/99, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.106 Doc. 3 rev. at 494
(1999). Xelmisawvdomia
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/cases/133-99.html (nanaxia 2013/07/07).
Garay Hermosilla et al. v. Chile, Case 10.843, Report No. 36/96, Inter-Am.C.H.R.,OEA/Ser.L/V/II.95 Doc. 7
rev. at 156 (1997). xelmisawvdomia
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/cases/1996/chile36-96.htm (nanaxia 2013/07/07).
76
Velasquez Rodriguez v. Honduras, Case, Inter-Am.Ct.H.R. (set. C), No. 4,.Judgement (1988), para.166.

uflebebi samoqalaqo sasamarTloebSi.77
Garda amisa, sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom
konvenciis pirveli muxlis safuZvelze aRebuli valdebulebidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifos
yvela organo unda funqcionirebdes adamianis uflebaTa damrRvevTa identificirebisa da
dasjis muzniT.78
garda admaianis uflebaTa inter-amerikuli konvenciis pirveli muxlisa, sasamarTlom
amnistiis konteqstSi agreTve aqcenti gaakeTa konvenciis me-8 da 25-e mulebze. kerZod,
sasamarTlos azriT, erovnul amnistias SesaZloa eWvqveS daeyenebida konvenciis me-8
muxliT gansazRvruli msxverplTa uflebebi gansakuTrebiT im saxelmwifoebSi, sadac
erovnuli kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs msxverplTa monawileobas samarTlebriv
procesebSi.79
rac Seexeba konvenciis 25-e muxls, romelic ganamtkicebs adamianis uflebas
mimarTos efeqturi tribunals an sasamarTlos misi konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis
darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom igi gamoiyena erovnuli amnistiis kanonmdeblobis
inter-amerikuli knvenciiT nakisr valdebulebebTan Seusabamobis damadasturebel
normad.80
Sesabamisad sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebidan ikveTeba, rom adamianis uflebaTa
inter-amerikuli konvenciis darRvevisas mis Sesrulebaze zedamxedvelobis organo
miiCnevs, rom saxelmwifoebs gaaCniaT damnaSaveTA dasjis valdebuleba, romelic
ikiTxeba konvenciis konkretuli normebis interpretaciis Sedegad.
2.2.2.2 gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komiteti
Ggaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetma romelic warmoadgens 1966 wlis adamianis
samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebaTa paqtis Sesrulebaze zedamxedvel organos, ganaviTara
analogiuri midgoma adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi damnaSavis dasjis
valdebulebis mimarT.
Kkomitetis gancxadebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom zemoaRniSnuli paqti ar moicavs
individis uflebas moiTxovos konkretuli piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi dasja, saxelmwifo
valdebulia ganaxorcielos adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis gamoZieba, rac agreTve
moicavs damnaSavis identificirebisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis
valdebulebas, romelic daafuZna paqtis 2(3) muxlSi ganmtkicebul uflebas.81
2.2.2.3. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasmarTlo
77
Garay Hermosilla et al. v. Chile, Case 10.843, Report No. 36/96, Inter-Am.C.H.R.,OEA/Ser.L/V/II.95 Doc.
7 rev. at 156 (1997). პარაgrafi.66.
78
7 rev. at 156 (1997). პარაgrafi.111.
79
Consuelo et al. v. Argentina, Case 10.147, 10.181, 10.240, 10.262, 10.309, 10.311 Report No. 28/92, Inter-
Am.C.H.R., OEA/Ser.L/V/II.83 Doc. 14 at 41 (1993) paragrafi.34
80
7 rev. at 156 (1997). პარაgrafi 63.
81
Bautista Arellana v. Colombia, Communication No. 563/1993, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/55/D/563/1993
para.8(6) (1995); Ana Laureano v. Peru, Communication No. 540/1993, U.N.Doc. C(PR/C/56/D/540/1993
para.10 (1996).

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo, romelic warmoadgens adamianis uflebaTa
evropul konvenciaze sazedamxedvelo organos,82
agreTve mxars uWers konkretul
danaSaulebTan mimarTebaSi damnaSavis dasjis valdebulebis arsebobas. kerZod,
sasamarTlo aseTis valdebulebis arsebobas aRiarebs wamebis danaSaulis Cadenis
SemTxvevaSi.83
3. sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis
kriteriumebi
rogorc ukve aRiniSna sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos damfuZnebeli
dokumenti moicavs normebs romelTa interpretaciam SesaZloa gansxvavebuli suraTi
mogvces sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobaze msjelobisas. kerZod, romis statutis
preambula mxars uWers im ideas, rom arsebobs dasjis valdebuleba da Sesabamisad
gamoZieba, romlis warmarTvis manerac ar axdens am valdebulebis Sesrulebis miznis
demonstrirebas ver CaiTvleba Sesabamis gamoZiebad statutis me-17 muxlis
miznebisaTvis. meore mxriv, konkretuli normebi, magaliTad statutis 53-e muxli tovebs
imis SesaZleblobas, rom sasmarTlom aRiaros iseTi erovnuli procesebi rogoricaa
marTlmsajulebis alternatiuli meqanizmebi. zogierTi avtoris azriT, am gaugebrobis mizezs
warmoadgens is faqti, rom aRniSnuli normebi Seiqmna sxvadasxva samuSao jgufebis
mier.84
3.1 sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos Seqmna da misi kompetencia
romis statuti warmoadgebs pirvel saerTaSoriso dokuments, romelmac Seqmna
saerTaSoriso danaSaulTa gamoZiebisa da dasjis saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi baza.
sasamarTlos iurisdiqca gansazRvrulis romis statutis me-5 mulSi da Semoifargleba oTxi
danaSauliT. Miuxedavad imisa, rom sasamarTlos Seqmnis procesSi amnistiis sakiTxi
dasmuli iqna amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mier,85
romis statuti ar Seicavs arcerT normas,
romelic moixseniebs amnistias.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna romis statutis Seqmna Sedegi iyo meoce saukunis Sua xanebSi
dawyevbuli procesisa, romelsac biZgi misca meore msoflio omis dros momxdar adamianis
uflebaTa mZime darRvevebma Sesabamisad, saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis arsebobac ki
xSirad gamarTlebuli iyo dausjelobis aRkveTis lozungiT. Aaqdan gamomdinare gasakviri ar
unda iyos, rom romis statutis preambula gamoxatavs aSkara mxardaWeras sasamarTlos
iurisdiqciiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTa represiis ideisadmi da acxadebs, rom yvela
83
ECHR, Aksoy v. Turkey, para.98 (1997).
84
Sharon A. Williams & William A. Schabas, Article 17, Issues of Admissibility, Otto Triffterer (ed.)
Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Observers’ Notes, Article by Article
(2d ed. 2008) gv.605-611.
85
Naomi Roht-Arriaza, Amnesty and the International Criminal Court, Dinah Shelton (ed.) International
Crimes, Peace and Human Rights: The Role Of the International Criminal Court (Transnational Publishers,
2000); Ruth Wedgwood, The International Criminal Court: An American View, European Journal of
International Law, Volume 10:93(1999) gv.96.

saxelmwifos gaaCnia valdebuleba dasajos am danaSaulTa Camdeni pirebi. Ggarda amisa
preambula gamoxatavs statutis xelmomwer saxelmwifoTa srul mzadyofnas dausvan wertili
dausjelobis praqtikas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom xelSekrulebis preambulas Sesasruleblad savaldebulo Zala ar
gaaCnia, mas ukiduresad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba xelSekrulebis interpretaciis dros,
ramdenadac igi warmoadgens xelSekrlebis miznisa da obieqtis identificirebis saSualebas.86
analogiurad romis statutis iterpretaciisas mniSvnelovania gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes
preambulis gancxadebebi,87
romelic am konkretul SemTxvevaSi naTlad gamoxatavs,
dausjelobis aRkveTis mizans da Sesabamisad SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mier erovnuli amnistiebis pativiscema,
ewinaaRmdegeba sasamarTlos arsebobis ZiriTad miznebs.
3.2 sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis kriteriumebi
romis statutis me-17 muxli, romelic awesrigebs sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis
sakiTxs, iTvaliswinebs or kriteriums komplementaroba da danaSaulis simZime.88
komplementaroba romis statutis Seqmnaze molaparakebebis warmoebisas
warmoadgenda ara mxolod axal da jer ar arsebul princips, aramed axal terminsac.89
komplementarobis principi gaCnda jer kidev saerTasoriso samarTlis komisiis mier
SemuSavebul proeqtSi.
komplkementarobis, rogorc terminis kvlevisas erT-erTi avtori mivida daskvnamde,
rom komplementaroba gulisxmobs Sevsebasa da srulyofas Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis
saerTasoriso sasamarTlos iurisdiqcia srulyofs erovnul iurisdiqcias da moqmedebs mxolod
maSin, rodesac saxelmwifos ar surs an ar SeuZlia Caataros gamoZieba.90
1.2.1 romis statutis me-17(1) muxli komplementarobis testis pirveli nawili
egreT wodebuli komplementarobis testi, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlosi saqmis dasaSvebobis Semowmebis erT–erT safexurs warmoadgens, SeiZleba
daiyos or nawilad, 1.erovnuli samarTlebrivi procedurebis arseboba, romelic unda
moicavdes rogorc danaSaulebriv qmedebas, ise konkretul damnaSaves,91
radgan
sasamarTlos precedentulma samarTalidan irkveva, rom saxelmwifos umoqmeboda sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos iurisdiqcias daqvemdebarebuli danaSaulis Cadenisas
86
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 31-e მუხლი (1969).
87
International LauwJournal, Volume 32:507(1999) gv 522.
88
ICC, ICC-01-04-01-06-8, Prosecutor v. Lubanga, Decision on prosecutors applicatio for warrant of arrest,
para.29 (2006).
89
Johan D. van der Vyver, Personal and Territorial Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, Emory
International Law Review, Volume 14:1(2000) gv.66
90
Jo Stigen, The Relationship Between the International Criminal Court and National Jurisdictions the
principle of Complementarity (Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2008) გვ.190.
91
ICC, ICC-02/05-01/07 Prosecutor v. Ahmad Harun and Ali Kushayb, Decisio on the prosecutor’s
application under article 58(7) of the Statute, para.21 (2007).

garkveul SemTxvevebSi avtomaturad iwvevs saqmis dasaSvebobas.92
2.erovnuli
procedurebis warmarTvis teqnika da mizani, ramdenadac nebismieri Sedegi rac mohyveba
arsebul gamoziebas ar unda momdinareobdes saxelmwifos uunarobis an survilis ar
qonisgan ganaxorcielos gamoZieba an sisxlissamarTlebivi devna.
romis statutis me-17 muxlis pirveli nawili ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan danaSaulis
gamoZiebisa da devnis stadiebs. aRniSnul muxlSi ganmtkicebuli komplementarobis
principi asaxelebs sam SemTxvevas, rodesac saqme dauSvebelia sisxis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi. pirveli SemTxveva exeba mimdinare gamoZiebas, kerZod
saxelmwifoSi, romelsac aqvs iurisdiqcia konkretul danaSaulze, am danaSaulTan
mimarTebaSi mimdinareobs gamoZiebis procesi.93
meore SemTxveva exeba iseT
viTarebas, rodesac danaSaulis gamoZieba ukve dasrulebulia da saxelmwifo wyvets ar
ganaxorcielos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna damnaSavis mimarT,94
xolo mesame
SemTxveva exeba iseT situaciebs, rodesac dasrulebulia rogorc gamoZieba, ise pirovnebis
devna da damnaSave eqvemdebareba Sesabamis sasjels. Uukanasknel SemTxvevaSi
moqmedebas iwyebs ormagis dasjis akrZalvis principi, (ne bis in idem) romelic
ganmtkicebulia romis statutis me-20 muxlSi.95
ormagi dasjis akrZalva warmoadgens erT-
erT umnisvnelovanes sixlissamarTlebriv princips da ganmtkicebulia mraval adamianis
uflebaTa konvenciaSi.96
Ppirveli da meore SemTxvevis gaTvaliswinebiT, gansaxilvel sakiTxs warmoadgens
gamoZiebis arsi da misi interpretacia romis statutis miznebisaTvis.
termini gamoZieba ganmartebulia rogorc procesi, romelic mimarTulia ara mxolod
danaSaulis irgvliv arsebuli faqtebis gamovlenisken, aramed agreTve damnaSavis
identificirebisken.97
Sesabamisad igi unda gamoricxavdes iseT procesebs, romlebic ar
akmyofilebs am kriteriumebs da emsaxureba mxolod simarTlis gamovlenas. zogierTi
avtoris azriT, aRnisnuli termini gulisxmobs, rom unda arsebobdes individualuri gamoZieba
konkretuli saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mimarT.98
aranakleb mniSvnelovania
ganimarTos statutis me-17(1)(b) muxlSi moxseniebuli termini gadawyvetileba. Saubaria
erovnuli gamoZiebis Sedegad miRebul gadawyvetilebaze sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. amgvari terminis arseboba metyvelebs imaze, rom amnistiis
miniWeba ar unda iyos gamoZiebis erTaderTi logikuri dasasruli, aramed gamoZieba
wrmarTuli unda iyos ise, rom misi dasrulebisas arsebobdes rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis ganxorcielebis, ise masze uaris Tqmis ori SesaZlo perspeqtiva, mxolod amis
Semdeg SeiZleba ewodos gamoZiebis Sedegs gadawyvetileba.99
Sesabamisad, romis statutis me-17(1) nawilis konkretul mniSvnelovan terminTa
interpretaciiT SesaZloa davaskvnaT, rom arsebuli gamoZieba unda iyos mimarTuli ara
92
ICC, ICC-01-04-01-06-8, Prosecutor v. Lubanga, Decision on prosecutors applicatio for warrant of arrest,
para.40 (2006).
93
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Romis statutis me-17(1) muxli (2002).
94
Ibid.
95
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Romis statutis me-20 muxli (2002).
96
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, me-14(7) muxli (1966).
97
D. Robinson, Serving the Interests of Justice: Amnesties, Truth Commissions and the International Criminal
Court, European Journal of International Law (2003). გვ.500.
98
Robin Murphy, Establishing a Precedent in Uganda: The Legitimacy of National Amnesties under the ICC,
Eyes on the ICC, Volume 3:33(2006) gv.44.
99
Darryl Robinson, Serving the Interests of Justice: Amnesties, Truth Commissions and the International
Criminal Court' (2003) European Journal of International Law, Volume 13:481(2003) გვ.501-502; Carsten
Stahn, Complementarity, Amnesties and Alternative Forms of Justice: Some Interpretive Guidelines for the
International Criminal Court', Journal of International Criminal Justice, Volume 3:695(2005) gv.712.

mxolod danaSaulebrivi faqtebis dadgenisaken, aramed unda moicavdes damnaSavis
identifikaciis mizansac.
1.2.2 romis statutis me-17(2) muxli, komplementarobis testis meore nawili
romis statutis me-17(1) muxlSi gansazRvrul terminTa srulfasovani interpretacia
SeuZlebelia amave muxlis me-2 nawili gareSe, romelic ganmartavs kriteriumebs,
romlebsac gamoZieba an sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebaze uaris Tqmis
gadawyvetileba. kerZod, erovnuli sagamoZiebo procesi da mis Sedegad miRebuli
gadawyvetileba ar unda momdinareobdes saxelmwifos mxridan amgvari gamoZiebis an
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis nebis an SesaZleblobis ar arsebobidan. am
konkretuli pirobis Sefasebis kriteriumebi Camoyalibebulia statutis me-17(2) muxSi,
kerZod, saxelmwifos nebis arsebobs fasdeba sami kriteriumiT: 1. emsaxureba Tu ara
erovnuli procedurebi romis statutis me-5 muxlSi gansazRvruli danaSaulebis Camdeni piris
pasuximgeblobisagan dacvis mizans. gamoTqmuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, amgvari miznis
arsebobis demonstracia SesaZloa iyos iseTi SemTxvevebi rogoricaa, saxelmwifosa da
eWvmitanils Soris saerTo interesis arsebobs, erovnuli procesis wamowyeba sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos prokuroris mier konkretul danaSaulebTan
mimarTebaSi yuradRebis gamovlenis Sedegad, sasamarTlo procedurebi, romlebic ar
pasuxobs saerTaSorisod aRiarebul standartebs da mimarTulia eWvmitanilisadi sargeblis
miniWebisken, sasamarTlo da sagamoZiebo proceseSi politikuri intervencia, romelic
ramenairad zRudavs gamoZiebis an sasamarTlo procesis warmarTvis Tavisuflebas,
magaliTisaTvis zRudavs sasmarTlos iurisdiqcias konkretuli danaSaulebiT, araadekvaturi
erovnuli kanonmdebloba, gamoZiebis an sasmarTlo procesis araadekvaturi Sedegi, kerZod
Cadenili danaSaulis simzimis gaTvaliswinebiT aSkarad araproporciuli sasjeli da ase
Semdeg.100
Mmeore kriteriums warmoadgens imis dadgena SeiniSneba Tu ara procedurebis
dagvianeba, romelic konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare Seusabamoa piris
marTlmsajulebisadmi daqvemdebarebis.101
Dda bolos, saxelmwifos nebis dadgenisas
adreTve gasaTvaliswinebelia aris Tu ara erovnuli procedurebi moklebuli damoukieblobasa
da miukerZoeblobas, an warmarTuli ise, rom ar Seesabameba pirovnebis
marTlmsajulebisadmi daqvemdebarebis mizans.102
Ddamoukideblobis kriteriumi
gansazRvrulia rogorc, ara mxolod abstraqtuli damoukidebloba, aramed institucionaluric,
rac gulisxmobs, rom nebismieri erovnuli procesi, romelic mimarTulia martlmsajulebis
ganxorcielebisaken damoukidebeli unda iyos aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisagan.103
zemoarniSnuli kriteriumebis Sefaseba garkveulwilad naTels hfens zemoad, nisnuli
terminebis ganmartebas magaliTisaTvis, me-17(2)(c) muxli naTlad adasturebs, rom
saxelmwifos qmedebebi ar unda iyos Seusabamo mis nebasTan dauqvemdebaros konkretuli
piris marTlmsajulebas. am konteqstSi agreTve mniSvnelovania termin marTlmsajulebis
100
principle of Complementarity (Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2008) gv.263-288.
101
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Romis statutis me-17(2)(b) muxli (2002).
102
Ibid. me-17(2)(c) muxli
103
Supreme Court of Canada, Valiente v. Queen gv.2 (1985).

interpretacia.104
Tumca Tu vimsjelebT statutis preambulis meoTxe paragrafidan am
terminis interpretacia ise, rom moicvas ara sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlmsajuleba TiTqmis
warmoudgenelia.105
Llogikuria, rom saxelmwifos qmedebebi am SemTxvevaSi gamoZiebis
procesi unda avlendes saxelmwifos mxridan am Sedegis miRwevis mizans. Sesabamisad
romis statutis me-17 muxlis mixedviT sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis
dasaSvebobis ganxilvisas relevanturia mxolod im tipis gamoZieba, romelic mimarTulia
damnaSavis dasjisaken an sul mcire avlens amis perspeqtivas.106
aqedan gamomdinare,
komplementarobis testis SefasebiT, sasamarTloSi saqme dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
gamoZiebis mizans ar warmoadgens marTlmsajulebis mirWeva konkretuli individis
pasuxismgeblobis dadgomiT, aramed mxolod simarTlis gamovlena.107
Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis
damabrkolebel garemoebad SesaZloa miviCnioT iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac saxelmwifom
ganaxorciela srulfasovani gamoZieba da gadawyvita ar daiwyos sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna, Tumca aRnisnuli gamoZieba unda iyos catarebuli damnaSavis dasjis mizniT, anu
gamoZiebis stadiaze da misi warmarTvis procesSi unda arsebobdes damnaSavis dasjis
mizani da perspeqtiva. Tu movargebT aseT situacios simarTlis komisiis mier
ganxorcielebul gamoZiebas, Tundac iseT srulfasovan gamoZiebas, romelsac atarebda
samxreT afrikis simarTlis komisias, simarTlis komisiebis bunebidan gamomdinare, misi
proceduris mizans ar warmoadgens pirovnebis dasja aramed upirveles yovlisa simarTlis,
anu faqtebis gamorkveva da meore pirovnebisaTvis amnistiis miniWeba im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu man daakmayofile amisaTvis gansazRvruli moTxovnebi. sesabamisad simarTlis
komisiis mier ganxorcielebuli procesis pirobebSi damnaSavis dasjis rogorc mizani, ise
perspeqtiva vlindeba mxolod maSin, rodesac pirs uari eTqva amnistiis miniWebaze.108
zogierTi avtoris azriT, miuxedavad zemoaRniSnuli interpretaciisa, me–17 muxlis b
nawilis arseboba adasturebs, rom sasamarTlo ragac formiT mainc miiCnevs alternatiuli
marTlmsajulebis meqanizmebs misaRebad.109
Tumca, gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom
statutSi aRniSnuli muxlis arseboba TavisTavad ar gulisxmobs, rom statutis Semqmnelebma
masSi gaiTvaliswines simarTlis komisiis mier ganxorcielebuli gamoZiebisa da erovnuli
amnistiebis kombinaciiT miRebuli gardamavali marTlmsajulebis meqanizmi, zogierTi
avtoris azriT arsebobs mravali mizezi, ramac esaZloa legitimuri gamoZiebis Semdeg
prokurorma miiRos gadawyvetileba ar daiwyos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.110
Aam
104
Carsten Stahn, Complementarity, Amnesties and Alternative Forms of Justice: Some Interpretive
Guidelines for the International Criminal Court', Journal of International Criminal Justice, Volume
3:695(2005) gv.716.
105
Robert Cryer, Hakan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wilmshurst, An Introduction to International
Criminal Law and Procedure (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007). გვ.132.
106
3:695(2005) gv.711-712.
principle of Complementarity (Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2008) gv.203.
107
Diba Majzub, Peace of Justice? Amnesties and the International Criminal Court, Melbourne Journal of
International Law, Volime 3:247(2002) gv.268.
108
Jennifer J. Llewellyn, A Comment on the Complementary Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court:
Adding Insult to Injury in Transitional Contexts?, Dalhousie Law Joural, Volume 24:192(2001) გვ.203.
109
Robin Murphy, Establishing a Precedent in Uganda: The Legitimacy of National Amnesties under the
ICC, Eyes on the ICC, Volume 3:33(2006) gv.42.
110
principle of Complementarity (Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2008) gv.309-314.

SemTxvevebSi aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba miRebulia srulfasovani gamoZiebis Catarebis
Semdeg, razec metyvelebs is faqti, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ar dawyebis
gadawyvetilebis miReba gamowveuli iqneba gamoZiebis Sedegad dadgenili pirobebiTa da
garemoebebiT da ara gamoZiebis dawyebamde, sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlos ar aqvs mizezi imisa, rom erovnuli gamoZieba ar miiCnios romis statutis me-
17 muxlSi gansazRvrul gamoZiebad, romelic mteli procesis ganmavlobaSi moicavs
damnaSavis dasjis mizans.
1.3 samxreT afrikis simarTlis komisia
imdenad ramdenadac aRniSnuli Tavi eZRvneba simarTlis komisiebisa da amnistiebis
erToblivad gamoyenebisas SemuSavebuli modelis ganxilvas, naSromis am nawilis
dasasruls minda vimsjelo erT-erT modelze, romelic mogeyebul iqna samxreT afrikis
xelisuflebis mier aparteidis reJimis dasasruleblad da mravali avtoris azriT warmoadgens
simarTlis komisiebis erT-erT yvelaze warmatebul models.111
samxreT afrikis simarTlis komisia, iseve rogorc amnistiis kanonmdebloba
warmoadgenda politikur kompromiss, romelic miRweul iqna samxreT afrikis axal
xelisuflebasa da aparteidis reJimis liderTa Soris molaparakebebis Sedegad, romelic
dasrulda erovnuli erTianobisa da Serigebis aqtiT.112
aRnisnuli aqti dafuZnebuli iyo
samxreT afrikis konstituciis preambulaze.113
samxreT afrikis konfliqtis konteqstSi,
simarTlis komisiis SeqmnasTan erTad, amnistiis kanonis miReba gamoWveuli iyo
aparteidis reJimis warmomadgenelTa daJinebuli moTxovniT.
AzemoaRniSnuli aqtis Sesabamisad, samxreT afrikis simarTlis komisiis miznebs
warmoadgenda aparteidis reJimis dros momxdari movlenebis gamoZieba, damnaSaveTa
identificireba da amnistiis miniWeba maTTvis, vinc daakmayofilebda aqtiT gansazRvrul
konkretul kriteriumebs.114
Kkomisiis mandati moicavda oTx ZiriTad saqmianobas kerZod,
1960 wlis 1 martsa da 1994 wlis 10 maiss Soris momxdari movlenebis bunebisa da
farglebis kvlevas, adamianis uflebaTa mZime darRvevebis gamoZiebasa da pasuxismgebel
pirTa da organizaciaTa identificirebas da amnistiis miniwebas im pirTaTvis, romlebmac
srulad ganacxades aRniSnul movlenebTan dakavSirebuli maTTvis cnobili relevanturi
faqtebi.115
Aam mandatis gansaxorcieleblad, simarTlis komisiis bazaze Seiqmna sami organo
1.adamianis uflebaTa komiteti, romelic pasuxismgebeli iyo gamoziebis warmoebaze,
2.amnistiis komiteti, romelic Sedgeboda damoukidebeli mosamarTleebisagan da
individualurad TiToeuli identificirebuli damnaSavis mimarT axorcielebda amnistiis
miniWebis sakiTxis ganxilvas, 3.reperaciis komiteti, romelic SeimuSavebda
111
Tama Koss, South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission: A Model for the Future, Florida Journal
of International Law, Volume 14:517(2002) gv.519.
112
National Unity and Reconciliation Act, No. 34 (1995) xelmisawvdomia
http://www.fas.org/irp/world/rsa/act95_034.htm (nanaxia 2013/07/07).
113
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act No. 200 (1993) xelmisawvdomia
https://peaceaccords.nd.edu/site_media/media/accords/Constitution_of_South_Africa_Act_200_of_1993.pdf
114
National Unity and Reconciliation Act, No. 34, muxli3(1) (1995) xelmisawvdomia
115
The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission Final Report, Volume 1, Chaptcr 4, para.32.

rekomendaciebs saxelmwifos xelisuflebisaTvis konfliqtis Semdgomi reparaciis politikis
swori warmarTvisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis mizniT.
Aamnistiis miRebaze komisiisadmi mimarTva SeeZlo nebismier pirs, aqtis
gamowveynebidan 12 Tvis ganmavobaSi da amnistiis miniWeba damokidebuli iyo
Semdgom pirobebze: 1.aplikants unda Seesrulebina aqtis moTxovnebi, 2.danaSaulebrivi
qmedeba an umoqmedoba, romlis mimarTac iyo amnistiis miniWebis moTxovna
dakavSirebuli unda yofiliyo politikur motivebTan, 3. Aplikants sakuTari danasaulis
aRiarebasTan erTad, srulad unda gamoevlina nebismieri misTvis cnobili relevanturi
faqtobrivi garemoeba.116
swored zemoarnisnuli kriteriumebi, kerZod amnistiis miniWebis sakiTxis
individualuri ganxilva da konkretuli pirobebis arsebobisadmi misi daqvemdebareba,
warmoadgens im umTavres maxasiaTeblebs, rac ganasxvavebs samxreT afrikis komisias
sxva simarTlis komisiebisagan.117
Ggarda amisa, komisia uflebamosili iyo ewarmoebina
gamozieba da Seegrovebina mtkicebulebebi. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom pirTa mimarT
amnistiis miniWebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas, komisias unda gaeTvaliswinebina konkretuli
piris mier danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis sruli gamovlena, rac garda imisa, rom
emsaxureboda simarTlis dadgenis mizans, agreTve uzrunvelyofda detaluri da xarisxiani
gamoZiebis Catarebis aucileblobis arsebobas, ramdenadac winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
SeuZlebeli iqneboda imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad asrulebs aplikanti amnistiis miniWebis
am konkretul winapirobas. nebismieri piri, romelic ar wardgeboda komisiis winaSe, am
romelsac komisiis gadawyvetilebiT ar mieniWeboda amnistia, rCeboda
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis obieqtad, rac warmoadgenda kidev aRniSnuli komisiis aseTi
warmatebis safuZvels.118
Aranakleb mniSvnelovania is faqtic, rom samxreT afrikis simarTlis komisia Seqmnili
iyo demokratiulad arCeuli xelisuflbis mier da moqmedebda misgan damoukideblad,
Sesabamisad misi gadawyvetilebiT Sedegad miniWebuli amnistia ar warmoadgenda iseti
tipis amnistias, romelsac adamianis uflebaTa mZime darRveveSi damnaSave reJimebi
qmnian sakuTari Tavisa da maTi momxreebisaTvis dausjelobis uzrunvelsayofad.119
rogorc ukve aRiniSna samxret afrikis simarTlis komisia mravali avtoris mier
miCneulia rogorc gardamavali marTlmsajulebis erT-erTi yvelze warmatebuli modeli,
ramdenadac igi warmoadgenda miukerZoebeli da srulfasovani gamoZiebisa da amnistiis
kanonmebobis Serwymas. samxreT afrikis xelisuflebam nacvlad imisa, rom mieniWebina
blanketuri amnistiebi konkretuli damnaSaveebisaTvis, rac Tavis mxriv seriozul
dabrkolebas Seuqmnida komisias simarTlis Ziebis procesSi, airCia pirobiTi amnistiis
politika, sadac amnistiis miReba damokidebuli iyo simarTlis komisiasTan Sesabamis
TanamSromlobaze.
marTlac miuxedavad imisa, rom samxreT afrikis simarTlis komisiis mier warmoebuli
gamoZieba warmoadgenda amomwuravsa da miukerZoebels, igi orientirebuli iyo
danaSaulis faqtebis gamovlenaze da ara damnaSaveTa dasjaze, aRniSnuli prioritetze
metyvelebs komisiis muSaobis umTavresi principi, amnistiis miniWeba pirTaTvis, vinc
smarTlis gamovleniT is “daimsaxura”. Sesabamisad naTelia, rom komisiis mizans
116
National Unity and Reconciliation Act, No. 34, muxli20 (1995) xelmisawvdomia
117
Eric Blumenson, Issue 1: ICC Prosecution and Alternative Pesponses to the most grievous Crimes , Eyes
on the ICC, Volume 2:1(2005) gv.8.
118
Eric Blumenson, Issue 1: ICC Prosecution and Alternative Pesponses to the most grievous Crimes , Eyes
on the ICC, Volume 2:1(2005) gv.10.
119
Gwen K. Young, All the Truth and as Much Justice as Possible, U.C. Davis Journal of International Law
& Policy, Volume 9:209(2003) gv.217.

warmoadgenda ara im pirTa dasja, vinc ar gamoavlina misTvis nacnobi faqtobrivi
garemoebebi, aramed pasuxismgeblobis acileba maTTvis, vinc daakmayofila es konkretuli
kriteriumi.
Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis
damabrkolebel garemoebad Sesazloa miviCnioT iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac saxelmwifom
ganaxorciela srulfasovani gamoZieba da gadawyvita ar daiwyos sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devna, Tumca aRnisnuli gamoZieba unda iyos catarebuli damnaSavis dasjis mizniT, anu
gamoZiebis stadiaze da misi warmarTvis procesSi unda arsebobdes damnaSavis dasjis
mizani da perspeqtiva. Tu movargebT aseT situacios simarTlis komisiis mier
ganxorcielebul gamoZiebas, Tundac iseT srulfasovan gamoZiebas, romelsac atarebda
samxreT afrikis simarTlis komisias, simarTlis komisiebis bunebidan gamomdinare, misi
proceduris mizans ar warmoadgens pirovnebis dasja aramed upirveles yovlisa simarTlis,
anu faqtebis gamorkveva da meore pirovnebisaTvis amnistiis miniWeba im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu man daakmayofile amisaTvis gansazRvruli moTxovnebi. sesabamisad simarTlis
komisiis mier ganxorcielebuli procesis pirobebSi damnaSavis dasjis rogorc mizani, ise
perspeqtiva vlindeba mxolod maSin, rodesac pirs uari eTqva amnistiis miniWebaze.120
4. Eerovnuli amnistiebis “nebadamrTvel” normaTa ganxilva
wიnamdebare Tavsi ganxiluli iqneba romis statutis is nawili, romelic TiTqosda pativs
iTvaliswinebs erovnuli amnistiebisa da simarTlis komisiebis mSerwymiT miRebuli
meqanizmis aRiarebas da Sesbamisad iZleva im varaudis safuZvels, rom Sesazloa
sasamarTlom dauSveblad cnos saqme aseTi erovnuli procesebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
Aam kuTxiT mniSvnelovania ganxiluli iqnes romis statutis 53-e muxli, romelic
exeba prokuroris diskrecias gamoZiebis dawyebisas, da romis statutis me-16 muxls,
romelic gaeros uSiSroebis sawos aniWebs uflebamosilebas gaeros wesdebis me-7 Tavis
safuZvelze miRebuli rezoluciiT mosTxovos sasamarTlos warmoebis SeCereba.121
2.1 prokuroris diskrecia
romis statutis 53-e muxlisa da proceduruli wesebis 104-e muxlis Sesabamisad, sisxlis
samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos prokurorma gamoziebis dawyebis Sesaxeb
gadayvetilebis miRebisas unda gaiTvaliswinos Semdgomi kriteriumebi: 1.arsebobs Tu ara
gonivruli safuZveli imis varaudisaTvis, rom moxda sasamarTlos iurisdiqcias
daqvemdebarebuli danaSauli 2.iqneba Tu ara dasaSvebi konkretuli saqme romis statutis
120
Jennifer J. Llewellyn, A Comment on the Complementary Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court:
Adding Insult to Injury in Transitional Contexts?, Dalhousie Law Joural, Volume 24:192(2001) გვ.203.
121
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, me-16 muxli (2002).

me-17 mulis Sesabamisad 3.emsaxureba Tu ara gamoZiebis dawyeba marTlmsajulebis
interess.122
konkretuli terminologiis interpretaciaze gadasvlamde, mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos,
rom zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebi ar warmoadgens kriteriumebs, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom
maTi dakmayofileba avtomaturad ar iwvevs gamoZiebis dawyebas, ramdenadac am
gadawyvetilebis miReba rCeba prokuroris diskreciaSi. Ggarda amisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom
garemoebebi ar unda iqnes ganxiluli rogorc kumulatiuri pirobebi da gamoZiebis dawyebis
sawinaaRmdego gadawyvetileba SesaZloa efuZnebodes mxolod erT maTgans.123
Sesabamisad savsebiT logikuria miviRoT situacia, rodesac saqme dasaSvebia statutis me-
17 muxlis Sesabamisad, Tumca ar xdeba gamoziebis warmarTva, radgan prokuroris azriT,
igi ar emsaxureba marTlmsajulebis interess. aRniSnuli cnebis orazrovnebidan da
bundovanebidan gamomdinare, arsebobs mosazreba, rom statuti aZlevs prokurors
SesaZleblobas gaiTvaliswinos alternatiuli samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi da ar warmarTos
gamoZieba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi Seaferxebs an eWvqveS daayenebs saxelmwifosSi
mSvidobis damyarebis procesebs.124
imis gansazRvrisaTvis Tu ramdenad marTebulia
aRniSnuli midgoma, aucilebelia moxdes terminis swori interpretacia romis statutis
Sesabamis konteqstSi, ramdenac swored amazea damokidebuli prokuroris diskreciis
farglebi.125
marTlmsajulebis interesis interpretaciis sakiTxi dadga statutis ZalaSi Sesvlis
pirvelive wlebSi. rogorc saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis norma, aRnisnuli termini ganmartbuli
unda iqnes saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa Sesaxeb venis konvenciis 31-e da 32-e muxlebis
Sesabamisad. aRniSnuli konvenciis 31-e muxli acxadebs, rom xelSekrulebis terminologia
interpretirebuli unda iqnes misi Cveulebrivi mniSvnelobiT xelSekrulebis miznis
gaTvaliswinebiT. …..m termin marTlmsajulebis kvlevisas gamoiyena rogorc statutis
preambula, romlic acxadebs rom sasamarTlos mTavar mizans warmoadgens mis
iurisdiqcias daqvemdebarebul pirTa dasjis uzrunvelyofa da dausjelobisaTivis wertilis
dasma, agreTve statutis sxva muxlebi, romlebic moixseniebs termins marTlmsajuleba da
daadgina, rom aRniSnuli termini ar SeiZleba moicavdes amnistias,126
ramdenadac erT-erTi
avtoris gancxadebiT amnistia ar warmoadgens marTlmsajulebas aramed misgan
gamonakliss.127
miuxedavad statutis preambuliT aSkarad da TvalsaCinod gansazRvruli
miznisa, zogierTi avtoris azriT 53-e muxlSi gansazRvruli kriteriumebi, rogoricaa
magaliTad danaSaulis simZime da msxverplTa interesebi, adasturebs, rom arniSnul muxlSi
moxseniebuli termini scdeba mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlmsajulebis farglebs.128
122
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, me-53 muxli; Rules of Procedure and Evidence(ICC),
104-e muxli.
123
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, me-53(1) muxli.
124
Cameron, Jurisdiction and Admissibility Issues Under the ICC Statute in McGoldrick et al (eds), The
Permanent International Criminal Court: Legal and Policy Issues (USA: Hart Publishing 2004) gv.91.
125
Jessiva Gavron, Amnesties in the Light of Developments in International Law and the Establishment of the
International Criminal Court, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Volume 51:91(2002)
gv.110.
126
Michael Kourabas, “Vienna Convention Interpretation of the “interest of Justive” Provision of the Rome
Statute, the legality of domestic amnesty agreements and the situation in Northern Uganda: "a Great
qualitative step forward” or a normative retreat?” Davis Journal of International Law and Policy, Volume
14:59(2007) gv.69-74.
127
Andreas O’Shea, Pinochet and Beyond: the International Implications of Amnesty, African Journal of
Human Rights, Volume 16:637(2000) gv.661.
128
Human Rights Watch, Polity Paper: The Meaning of the "Interests of Justice" iii Article 53 of the Rome
Statute, (2005) xelmisawvdomia
http://www.hrw.org/news/2005/06/01/meaning-interests-justice-article-53-rome-statute (nanaxia 2013/07/07)

Tumca zemoarniSnuli kriteriumebi gansakuTrebiT ki msxverplTa interesi SesaZloa
sawinaaRmdegodac iqnes interpretirebuli. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT zeviT ganxilul
sasamarTloTa gadawyvetilebebs, romlebic erovnuli amnistiis ukanonobas xSirad
danaSaulis msxverplTa uflebebis dacvis saWiroebiT asabuTeben, logikuri iqneba is
varaudi, rom am SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlom upiratesoba mianiWos danaSaulis
msxverplTa am konkretul uflebebs.
romis statutis 53-e muxlSi naTlad Cans, rom prokuroris diskrecia marTlmsajuelbis
interesis Sesabamisad gamoZiebis dawyebis gadwyvetilebis miRebisas Cveulebrivze metad
aris SezRuduli. kerZod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac prokuroris gadawyvetileba ar awaarmoos
gamoZieba efuZneba mxolod marTlmsajulebis interesis kriteriums, wina sasmarTlos
palatis mier misi gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvisaTvis ar aris aucilebeli saxelmwifos an
uSiSroebis sabWos moTxovna, aramed aRniSnuli palata uflebamosilia sakuTari iniciativiT
gadaxedos prokuroris gadawyvetilebas. proceduruli wesebis 109-e muxlis Sesabamisad,
wina sasamarTlo palatas aqvs 180 dRe imis gadasawyvetad gadasinjavs Tu ara prokuroris
am gadawyvetilebas. garda amisa, prokuroris mier gamoZiebis Sewyvetis gadawyvetilebis
SemTxvevaSi, romelic efuZneba sxvadasxva statutiT gaTvaliswinebul mizezebs, wina
sasamarTlo palatas SeuZlia mxolod mosTxovos prokurors misi gadawyvetilebis
gadasinjva, xolo im SemTxvevasi Tu amgvari gadawyvetileba efuZneba marTlmsajulebis
interesis ar arsebobas, prokuroris gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Zala damokidebulia wina
sasamarTlo palatis Tanxmobaze. Sesabamisad, imisaTvis rom mxolod am safuZvliT
moxdes sasamarTloSi gamoZiebis SeCereba marTlmsajulebis interesis ar arsebobaSi unda
darwmundes ara mxolod prokurori, aramed wina sasamarTlo palatac. aRniSnuli
gulisxmobs imas, rom unda arsebobdes amgvari gadawyvetilebis sasargeblo mniSvnelovani
argumentacia, romelsac statutis peambulis gaTvaliswinebiT naklebad savaraudoa
warmoadgendes ervnuli amnistia an Tundac saxelmwifoSi mimdinare gardamavali
procesebi.
2.2 uSiSroebis sabWos roli romis statutis me-16 muxli
romis statutis me-16 muxlis Sesabamisad, uSiSroebis sabWos aqvs uflebamosileba
gaeros wesdebis me-7 TaviT miRebuli rezoluciiT, SeaCeros gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSorso sasamarTloSi 12 Tvis vadiT, im SemTxvevaSi igi daadgens, rom sasamarTlos
Carevas SeuZlia safrTxe Seuqmnas saerTaSoriso mSvidobasa da usafrTxoebas.129
aRniSnuli norma miCneulia erT-erT mtkicebulebad imisa, rom sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo eWvqveS ar unda daayenos erovnuli procesebi, romlebic
emsaxureba mSvidobisa damyarebis mizans. kerZod, samSvidobo molaparakebebis
SemTxvevaSi, erovnuli amnistia SesaZloa saxelmwifos xelisuflebisaTvis warmoadgendes
molaparakebebis warmoebis erTaderT berkets, xolo maSin rodesac sisxlis samarTlis
saerTaSorisos sasamarTlo axorcielebs sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas iseTi piris winaaRmdeg,
romelsac gadamwyveti roli ekisteba samSvidobo moalaprakebebis warmoebisas,
sasamarTlos mier gansjis perspeqtivam SesaZloa daafrTxos damnaSave da Seaeferxos
129
Morten Bergsmo, The Jurisdictional Regime of the International Criminal Court (Part II, Articles 11-19),
European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, Volume 6:345(1998) gv.358.

SeTanxmebis miRweva,130
rac Tavis mxriv gamoiwvevs konfliqtis gaxangrZlivebas da zog
SemTxvevaSi adamianis uflebaTa mZime darRvevebis Cadenis gaaqtiurebas.131
naTelia,
rom am SemTxvevaSi, saubaria sasamarTlos muSaobis ara samarTlebriv aramed politikur
aspeqtze.
rogorc wesi, saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mxridan sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
ganxorcielebis perspeqtivam konkretuli konfliqturi situaciaze SesaZloa moaxdinos rogorc
dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi gavlena.132
zogierTi avtori Tvlis, rom zog SemTxvevaSi erovnuli
amnistia warmoadgens erTaderT saSualebas konfliqturi situaciis CasaxSobad da adamianis
uflebaTa darRvevebis Sesasusteblad.133
sxvebi gardamavali martlmsajulebis konteqstSi
amnistiebis aRiarebas ufro globalurad uyureben da acxadeben, rom rom mZime
danaSaulkebisaTvis amnistii miniWeba ubiZgebs momaval Taobebs aseTi danaSaulis
Cadenisaken da eWvqveS daayenebs saerTaSoriso mSvidobas.134
garda amisa
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom damnaSavis dasja mizanSewonilia swored konfliqturi
saxelmwifoebisaTvis gardamavali martlmsajulebis konteqstSi, ramdenadac kanonis
uzenaesoba warmoadgens demokratiuli sazogadoebis umTavres maxasiaTebels,
Sesabamisad damnaSaveTa dasja xels Seuwyobs Zlieri demokratiuli saxelmwifos
Camoyalibebas.135
Sesabamisad savsebiT naTelia da marTebulia is pozicia, rom sasamarTlos gamoZieba
did gavlenas axdens saelmwifos SigniT mimdinare ara mxolod samarTlebriv, aramed
politikur aspeqtebzec da statutis me-16 muxli warmoadgens imis naTel dadasturebas, am
dokumentis Semqmnelebma gaiTvaliswines viTareba sadac saxelmwifos SigniT arsebuli
mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos mier saqmis warmoebis dawyeba SesaZloa ar
iyos mizanSewonili, Tumca meore mxriv logikas moklebuli ar unda iyos is varaudic, rom
aseTi saWiroebis aRiareba aranair zegavlenas ar unda axdendes sasamarTloSi saqmis
dasaSvebobis normebze da Tavad me-16 muxlis arseboba qmnis am varaudis upirveles
safuZvels, ramdenadac gamoTqmuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, prokurorisa da sasamarTlos
movaleobas warmoadgens sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba, xolo
saerTaSoriso mSvidobaze zrunva uSiSroebis sabWos prerogativaa.
Ddaskvna
130
Wilmshurst, The International Criminal Court: The Role of the Security Council, in Mauro Politi and
Giuseppe Nesi (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court - A challenge to impunity,
(Aldershot, 2001) gv.40.
131
Paul van Zyl, Justice without Punishment: Guaranteeing Human Rights in Transitional Societies, in
Charles Villa-Vicencio and Wilhelm Verwoerd (eds), Looking Back, Reaching Forward: Reflections on the
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (Zed Books, 2000) gv.42-43.
132
Richard J. Goldstonet, Peace Versus Justice, Nevada Law Journal: Volume 6:421(2005-2006) gv.421.
133
Kenneth Roth, It's worth bringing tyrants to justice, The International Herald Tribune, 2005.
xelmisawvdomia
http://www.hrw.org/news/2005/08/10/its-worth-bringing-tyrants-justice (nanaxia 2013/07/01).
134
Diane F. Orentlichert, Settling Accounts: The Duty to Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior
Regime, Yale Law Journal, Volume 100:2537(1991) gv.2542.
135
Luc Huyse, 'To Punish or Pardon: A Devil's Choice' in Christopher Joyner and M Cherif Bassiouni (eds),
Reining in Impunity for International Crimes and Serious Violations of Fundamental Human Rights
(Ramonville St. Agne: Érès 1998) gv.79-80.

Cems mier SesavalSi dasmuli miznidan gamomdinare, naSromSi Sejamebuli iyo is
zogadi faqtorebi, romlebmac SesaZloa zegavlena moaxdinos sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso
sasamarTloSi saqmis dasaSvebobis konteqstSi erovnuli amnistiebis sakiTxis
gadawyvetaze.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, romis statutma ar airCia erTiani midgoma erovnuli amnistiebis
sakiTxis mimarT da datova egret wodebuli “kreatiuli orazrovneba”,136
romelic mravalgvari
interpretaciis wyaro gaxda da Seqmna is realoba, rom sasamarTlom yovel konkretul
SemTxvevaSi, maT Soris erovnuli amnistiebis pirobebSic Tavad unda gadawyvitos saqmis
dasaSvebobis sakiTxi.
zemoaRniSnuli msjelobidan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom simarTlis komisiisa da
erovnuli amnistiebis SerwymiT miRebuli gardamavali marTlmsajulebis, bolo dro metad
aqtualuri da xSirad gamoyenebadi, modeli ver akmayofilebss statutis me-17 muxlSi
gansazRvrul erovnuli gamoZiebis kriteriumebs ramdenadac amnistiis, rogorc dausjelobis
raqtika ewinaaRmdegeba sasamarTlos arsebobis upirveles mizans.
naSromSi ukve xazi gaesva im faqts, rom Audaod didia is sargebeli romelic
aRniSnulma marTlmsajulebis alternatiulma modelebma SeiZleba moitanos saxelmwifoSi
mimdinare konfliqtis pirobebSi. rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos,
mis iurisdiqcias daqvemdebarebuli danaSaulebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos
mier gamoZiebis warmoeba nebismier SemTxvevaSi moaxdens gavlenas konkretuli
politikuri procesebis warmarTvaze da Sesabamisad politikuri Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebis
saWiroeba sasamarTlos funqcionirebis ganuyofeli nawilia. magaliTisaTvis, sasamarTlos
mier sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis perspeqtivam SesaZloa biZgi misces
konfliqtis mxareTa Soris “Serigebis” procesis dawyebas, Tumca ramdenadac dadebiTia
saerTaSoriso sasamarTloSi gansjis perspeqtivis gavlena konfliqtis mxareTa Soris
molaparakebebis dawyebis survilze, imdenad uaryofiTia misi efeqti Tavad Serigebis
procesze, radgan sasamarTloSi mimdinare gamoZiebam SesaZloa saxelmwifos
xelisuflebas waarTvas molaparakebis warmoebis erTaderTi realuri berketi. Aqedan
gamomdinare SedarebiT axlad Seqmnili sasamarTlosaTvis ar iqneba marTebuli iseTi
praqtikis danergva, sadac misi funqciebi mxolod saxelmwifoTa mier molaparakebebis
sasurveli kursis warmarTvis saSualebad gamoyenebiT Semoifargleba, ramdenadac
sasamarTlos funqciuonirebis mTavar mizans warmoadgens damnaSaveTa dasja da ara
mSvidobis damyareba.
136
3:695(2005) gv.708.

gamoyenebuli literatura
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 2002
Statute of the International Court of Justice 1945
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969
Convention for the Supression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil
Aviation
1971
Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in
Armed Forces in the Field
1949
Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and
Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea
1949
Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War 1949

Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1951
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment
1984
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man 1949
American Convention on Human Rights 1978
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966
wignebi
1. Priscilla B. Hayner, Unspeakable Truths: Confronting State Terror and Atrocities
(London: Routledge 2002).
2. Andreas O'Shea, Amnesy for Crimes in International Law and Practice (New York:
Kluwer Law International 2002).
3. Bryan A. Garner, BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY (United States of America: West
Group, 7 th edition 1999).
4. Mark Freeman, Necessary Evils: Amnesties and the Search for Justice (United
Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
5. Antonio Cassese, International Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2003).
6. Theodor Meron, Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms as Customary Law
(USA:Oxford University Press, 1991).
7. Robert Cryer, Hakan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wilmshurst, An
Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure (New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2007).
8. Dinah Shelton, International Crimes, Peace and Human Rights: The Role Of the

International Criminal Court (Transnational Publishers, 2000).
9. McGoldrick et al (eds), The Permanent International Criminal Court: Legal and
Policy Issues (USA: Hart Publishing 2004).
10. Mauro Politi and Giuseppe Nesi (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International
Criminal Court - A challenge to impunity, (Aldershot, 2001).
11. Charles Villa-Vicencio and Wilhelm Verwoerd (eds), Looking Back, Reaching
Forward: Reflections on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa
(Zed Books, 2000).
12. Christopher Joyner and M Cherif Bassiouni (eds), Reining in Impunity for
International Crimes and Serious Violations of Fundamental Human Rights
(Ramonville St. Agne: Érès 1998).
13. Antonio Cassese (ed), The Oxford Companion to Interalanal Criminal justice
(Oxford University Press 2009).
14. Jo Stigen, The Relationship Between the International Criminal Court and National
Jurisdictions the principle of Complementarity (Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV,
2008).
statiebi
1. Dwight G. Newman, “The Rome Statute, Some Reservations Concerning Amnesties,
and a Distributive Problem”, American University International Law Review,
Volume 20:293(2005).
2. Thomas Hethe. Clark, “The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court,
Amnesties, and the "Interests of Justice": Striking a Delicate Balance”, Washington
University Global Studies Law Review, Volume 4:389(2005).
3. Robin Perry, “The Nature, Status and Future of Amnesties under International
Criminal Law“, Australian International Law Journal, Volume 18:77(2011).
4. John Dugard, “Dealing with Crimes of a Past Regime: Is Amnesty Still an Option?”
Leiden Journal of International Law, Volume 12:1001(1999).
5. Charles Villa-Vicencio, "Why Perpetrators Should Not Always Be Prosecuted:
Where the International Criminal Court and Truth Commissions Meet", Emory Law
Journal, Volume 49:205(2000)
6. Michael Scharf, “The Amnesty Exception to the Jurisdiction of the International
Criminal Court” Cornell International LauwJournal, Volume 32:507(1999)
7. Priscilla B. Hayner, “Fifteen truth commissions-1974-1994 comparative study”,
Human right Quarterly, Volume16:597(1994)

8. Ben Chigara, Amnesty in International Law: The Legality under International Law
of National Amnesty Laws (London: Longman, 2002)
9. Robert Parker, “Fighting the Siren’s Song: The Problem of Amnesty in Historical
and Contemporary Perspective”, Acta Juridica Hungaria, Volume 42:96(2001)
10. Faustin Z. Ntouband, Amnesty for Crimes Against Humanity Under International
Law (The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV 2007)
11. Meintjes G. Méndez J.E., Reconciling Amnesties with Universal Jurisdiction
International Law Forum du droit international, Volume 2:75(2000)
12. Kristin Henrard, The Viability of National Amnesties in View of the Increasing
Recognition of Individual Criminal Responsibility at Iternlationlal Law, Michigan
State University Jurnal of International Law, Volume 8:598(1999)
13. Gwen K. Young, All the Truth and as Much Justice as Possible, U.C. Davis Journal
of International Law & Policy, Volume 9:209(2003)
14. Kent Greenawalt, Amnesty's Justice, Robert I. Rotberg, Dennis Thompson(eds.),
Truth v. Justice: The Moralty of Truth Commissions (United Kingdon: Princeton
University Press 2000).
15. Orlaith Minogue, Peace vs. Justice: The Utility of Amnesties, Criminal Justice
Ethics, Volume 29:306(2010).
16. Mahnoush H. Arsanjani, The International Criminal Court and National Amnesty
Laws, The American Society of International Law, Volume 93:65(1999).
17. Helmut Gropengieber and Jorg Meibner, Amnesties and rome Statute of
international criminal court, International Criminal Law Review, Volume
5:267(2005).
18. Robert O.Weiner, Trying to Make Ends Meet: Reconciling the Law and Practice of
Human Rights Amnesties, St.Mary's Law Journal, Volume 26:857(1995).
19. Ronald C. Slye, The Legitimacy of Amnesties Under International Law and General
Principles of Anglo-American Law: Is a Legitimate Amnesty Possible? Virginia
Journal of International Law Association, Volume43:173(2002).
20. Neil J. Kritz, Coming to Terms with Atrocities: A Review of Accountability
Mechanisms for Mass Violations of Human Right, Law and Contemporary
Problems, Volume 59:127(1996).
21. Diba Majzub, Peace of Justice? Amnesties and the International Criminal Court,
Melbourne Journal of International Law, Volime 3:247(2002).
22. Michael P. Scharf, The Functions of Justice and Anti-Justice in the Peace-Building
Process, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, Volume
35:161(2003).
23. Roman Boed, The Effect of a Domestic Amnesty on the Ability of Foreign States to
Prosecute Alleged Perpetrators of Serious Human Rights Violations, Cornell
International Law Journal, Volume 33:297(2000).
24. Anja Seibert-Fohr, The Relevance of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal
Court for Amnesties and Truth Commissions, Max Planck Yearbook of United
Nations Law, Volume 7:553(2003).
25. Gerhard Hafner et al, A Response to the American View as Presented by Ruth
Wedgwood, European Journal of International Law, Volume 10:109(1999).
26. Carsten Stahn, Complementarity, amnesties and Alternative forms of justice: some
Interpretative guidelines for International Criminal Court, Journal of International
Criminal Justice, Volume 3:659(2005).

სამაგისტრო ნაშრ ომი

სამაგისტრო ნაშრ ომი

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Featured

Featured (20)

სამაგისტრო ნაშრ ომი