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AENUL MARDHIYAH, S.Pd.I
e2n@malhikdua.com
SKI Kelas X MA
(IPA, IPS)
MA AL HIKMAH 2 BENDA
2020/2021
ApakahituArab?
SiapakahituMasyarakat/BangsaArab?
BagaimanakahperadabanArab?
ARAB
Jazirah Arab
Masyarakat /Bangsa Arab Pra Islam
Secarageografis,menurutsejarawanAhmadSyalabi,jazirah
Arabdibagikedalamduawilayah,yaitubagiantengah dan
bagianpinggiran.
Jazirah secara etimologi berasal dari bahasa Arab
yang berarti kepulauan,
Arab secara etimologi berasal dari kata arabia
berarti gurun pasir atau sahara.
LETAK GEOGRAFIS JAZIRAH
ARAB
NEGARA ARAB ADALAH SEBUAH SEMENANJUNG DI
UJUNG BARAT DAYA BENUA ASIA
Sebelah Utara : Berbatasan dengan Gurun Iran, dan Gurun
Syam/ Syiria , Palestina dan Al Jazirah
Sebalah Selatan : Berbatasan dengan Teluk Aden Dan
Samudra India
Sebelah Timur : Berbatasan dengan Teluk Oman dan Teluk
Persia
Sebalah Barat berbatasan dengan Selat Bab Al Mandib, Laut
Merah, dan Terusan Suez
Bagiantengah(Badui/pedalaman)terdiridarigurun danbukitpasirsertabeberapapegunungan yang
tidakbegitutinggihinggahujan tidakbanyakturun.Akibatnyapenduduk hidup berpindah–pindahdari
satutempat ketempatyang lain mengikutiturunnya hujan danmencari tanahyang subur guna
menghidupi untadan ternaknya.Karenaitumereka disebutmasyarakat nomaden.Dengan tipologi
seperti iniorangArabmerupakan suatu kelompokyang susah untukmengembangkan kebudayaannya
(mayoritas sebagaipenggembala)
Bagianpinggiran(AhluHadhr/Hadhari)merupakan bagian maritim,karenaitupenduduknya tidak
nomaden,sehinggamerekabisamengembangkankebudayaannya jauh lebih memungkinkan
dibandingkandengan masyarakatBaduiyang nomaden,misalnya merekadapatmendirikankotadan
kerajaan.Kerajaannyayang besardiantaranyaadalah Yamandan Hijaz.Diwilayah Hijaz inilahIslam
dilahirkan. (berprofesi sebagaipedagangdanpetani)
Menurutcatatansejarahdanbeberapaketeranganotentik dalamAl-Qur’an,sebelum agama
Islamdatang;
MasyarakatArab(Mekkah)menyembahberhala.Terdapatsekitar360patungberhalayang
disembah.
Diantaranyayangterbesar adalahHubal,Latta, Uzza danManat.
Kepercayaanselainmenyembah berhalaadalahZoroaster(penyembahapi)
penyembah bintangdanlangit,khususnyadianutbagianArabTimur.
PenganutagamaYahudijugaada,tetapi tidakbanyak,sebabagamaYahudiadalahkhususuntuk
rasYahuda,danraslainmenjadimasyarakatkelaskeduabilamasukagamaYahudi
Kepercayaan Masyarakat Arab Pra-Islam
1. MasyarakatArabsangatcintadansetiapadaadatdantradisikabilahnyamasing-masing
yangtercermin dalamkegemarannyamenjamu tamu-tamunya atasnamakabilah.
2. Meskipundemikian,seperti diungkapkanolehIbnuKhaldunbahwapadamasajahiliyah
masyarakatArabadalahmasyarakatyangsangattidakberadab.Gemarmelakukan
perampasandanperusuhan,tidakmemilikiskilldanilmu,tetapi pembawaanmereka
sebenarnyamurni,pemberani dansanggupberkorban untukhal–halyangdipandangnya
baik.
Adat Kebiasaan dan Karakteristik Bangsa Arab
Mengapasebelum Nabi Muhammad lahir -
masyarakat Arabpada umumnya danMekkah
khususnya- mereka disebut hidupdalam masa
Jahiliyah?
Apaarti Jahiliyah sebenarnya?
ApaartiJahiliyahsebenarnya?
Jahiliyah(‫)جاهلية‬darikataJahala;tidaktahu/tidakmau
tahudengan/tidak acuhdengan.
AtauisitlahJahlunjugabisadisebutdiartikankebodohan.
Anonimdari ilmunataupengetahuan
Apakahkebdodohandisiniyangdimaksudadalah
ketidaktahuanmerekaakanilmupengetahuan?
Jahiliyah masyarakatMekkahsebelumIslamyangdimaksudadalah
keadaanmereka yangterjadi penyelewengan moralyangjauhdari
seharusnya
Danpenyelewengan terbesaradalahpenyelewengan dariajaran
keyakinanasli; AgamaTauhid/AgamaHanif ajaranNabiIbrahim,
ajaranaslibangsaArab

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1.PERADABAN BANGSA ARAB SEBELUM ISLAM.pptx