Portal frames are commonly used for single-story industrial buildings. They consist of hot-rolled columns and rafters that support roofing and siding. Rafter slopes typically range from 1 in 10 to 1 in 3. Frame spacing is 6-7.5m with heights of 6-15m. Plastic analysis is used to design portal frames to allow formation of plastic hinges and economic design. Connections require moment capacity, stiffness, rotation capacity, and economy. Haunched connections are often used at the eaves and ridge to increase moment capacity. Secondary checks consider axial force effects, buckling, fracture, and deflection.
This document discusses best practices for designing steel structures for industrial buildings. It presents various structural forms including rigid frames, portal frames, lattice structures, and suspended structures. These forms provide large open spaces efficiently while allowing for flexibility. Key design factors discussed include loading, fire safety, building physics (thermal insulation), and concept design considerations. National practices for industrial steel building design are also reviewed.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
PEB Steel Buildings Brochure in english, nhà thép tiền chế PEB SteelAlvis Duy
PEB Steel provides pre-engineered buildings and structural steel products. It has multiple factories across Vietnam and India with modern production technology. PEB Steel is a regional leader in Asia known for its product quality, engineering excellence, and best customer service in the industry.
Lecture 7 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
This document discusses portal frame structures used for industrial buildings. It describes the main structural elements including roof sheeting, columns, rafters, beams, and wall panels. Typical spans for portal frames range from 12 to 60 meters, though 20-30 meters is most efficient. Various structural systems and joint connections are examined, including different types of column-rafter joints, apex joints, and design considerations for analyzing and strengthening these critical connections to transfer forces between members. Equations are provided for analyzing stresses in the joints.
Lecture 5 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
1) The document discusses various types of column designs for industrial buildings, including columns with constant or variable cross-sections, built-up or compound cross-sections, and stiffening elements.
2) It provides details on column base designs like hinged bases, fixed bases, and bases with gusset plates. Hold-down bolts, shear lugs, and resistance to combined forces are also examined.
3) The design and verification of column connections is addressed through plastic failure mechanisms and strength checks of individual components like the column, base plate, and anchor bolts.
This document provides an introduction to prestressed concrete, including:
1. The basic principles of prestressing concrete by applying compressive stresses that counteract tensile stresses from loads. This allows for smaller member sizes.
2. The main advantages are smaller sections, reduced deflections, increased spans, and improved durability due to reduced cracking.
3. The two main methods are pre-tensioning, where strands are stressed before casting, and post-tensioning, where strands are tensioned after casting through ducts.
4. Uses include precast beams, slabs, piles, tanks, and bridges constructed with either precast or post-tensioned segments.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
Portal frames are commonly used for single-story industrial buildings. They consist of hot-rolled columns and rafters that support roofing and siding. Rafter slopes typically range from 1 in 10 to 1 in 3. Frame spacing is 6-7.5m with heights of 6-15m. Plastic analysis is used to design portal frames to allow formation of plastic hinges and economic design. Connections require moment capacity, stiffness, rotation capacity, and economy. Haunched connections are often used at the eaves and ridge to increase moment capacity. Secondary checks consider axial force effects, buckling, fracture, and deflection.
This document discusses best practices for designing steel structures for industrial buildings. It presents various structural forms including rigid frames, portal frames, lattice structures, and suspended structures. These forms provide large open spaces efficiently while allowing for flexibility. Key design factors discussed include loading, fire safety, building physics (thermal insulation), and concept design considerations. National practices for industrial steel building design are also reviewed.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
PEB Steel Buildings Brochure in english, nhà thép tiền chế PEB SteelAlvis Duy
PEB Steel provides pre-engineered buildings and structural steel products. It has multiple factories across Vietnam and India with modern production technology. PEB Steel is a regional leader in Asia known for its product quality, engineering excellence, and best customer service in the industry.
Lecture 7 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
This document discusses portal frame structures used for industrial buildings. It describes the main structural elements including roof sheeting, columns, rafters, beams, and wall panels. Typical spans for portal frames range from 12 to 60 meters, though 20-30 meters is most efficient. Various structural systems and joint connections are examined, including different types of column-rafter joints, apex joints, and design considerations for analyzing and strengthening these critical connections to transfer forces between members. Equations are provided for analyzing stresses in the joints.
Lecture 5 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
1) The document discusses various types of column designs for industrial buildings, including columns with constant or variable cross-sections, built-up or compound cross-sections, and stiffening elements.
2) It provides details on column base designs like hinged bases, fixed bases, and bases with gusset plates. Hold-down bolts, shear lugs, and resistance to combined forces are also examined.
3) The design and verification of column connections is addressed through plastic failure mechanisms and strength checks of individual components like the column, base plate, and anchor bolts.
This document provides an introduction to prestressed concrete, including:
1. The basic principles of prestressing concrete by applying compressive stresses that counteract tensile stresses from loads. This allows for smaller member sizes.
2. The main advantages are smaller sections, reduced deflections, increased spans, and improved durability due to reduced cracking.
3. The two main methods are pre-tensioning, where strands are stressed before casting, and post-tensioning, where strands are tensioned after casting through ducts.
4. Uses include precast beams, slabs, piles, tanks, and bridges constructed with either precast or post-tensioned segments.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
1. 6 Portal-frame Buildings
6.1 Introduction
Because of their clean lines, good overhead clearance and relatively low
cost, portal- frame buildings have become very popular. They make up a
large percentage of the small to medium size single-storey industrial
buildings in current use.
6.2 I-section portal frames
The rafters and columns of I-section portal frames consist of rolled I-sections, with the
rafter ends being haunched and site-bolted to the columns, as was shown in detail (c) of
Fig 5.1. The column section is heavier than the rafter section, so that the relative column-
haunch rafter strengths roughly follow the shape of the bending moment diagram up the
column and across the rafter. The frames are usually designed plastically, so the
moments referred to are the plastic moments under gravity loading, with plastic hinges
developing either in the column top or in the rafter at the haunch and in the rafter near the
apex.
With the reduction in roof live loading specified in SABS 0160-1989 (viz. 0,3 kPa instead
of 0,5 kPa), and with the more favourable load combination factor for dead load, the
design loading for the dead plus live load combination for a typical portal frame is now
only about 65 per cent of what it was previously. This means, of course, that lighter rafter
and column sections can be used, but if as a consequence these sections are also made
shallower, the deflection of the frame could be greater than it was for the heavier loading.
Where deflection was critical under the old loading, full advantage could in such a case
not be taken of the reduction in load and the required plastic modulus would be
considerably more than 65 per cent of the old value.
The above comments apply to dead plus live loading, which is usually the load
combination that dictates the choice of column and rafter sizes from a strength point of
view. Dead plus wind load, however, is often the combination that governs from a
deflection point of view and it may be necessary to increase member sizes to bring
deflections within allowable limits.
For the above reasons portal frames are more likely to be designed elastically than
plastically in future. In any case, an elastic analysis is necessary to check the deflections.
6.1
2. With latticed trusses, on the other hand, deflection is seldom critical, so that better
advantage of the new loading specifications can be taken and their efficiency rating by
comparison with portals can be improved.
6.3 Eaves and apex connections
The types of eaves and apex haunches shown in Fig 6.1 are the ones almost universally
used because of their relative simplicity and the ease with which the frame can be
erected. The critical design condition is usually gravity loading with the rafter-to-column
connection having to sustain a high negative moment and the apex connection a smaller
positive moment.
(b)
B
A
B (a)
B
(ai)
(c)
Fig 6.1: Portal haunch and apex connections
6.2
3. The moment at the eaves produces a high tensile force in the upper flange of the rafter
that is transmitted through the upper tension bolts and the end plate to the inner flange of
the column. The compressive force in the lower flange of the haunch is transferred in
bearing through the end plate onto the column flange and into the web.
The transfer of moment at the apex is similar, except that here the moment is positive so
the forces are reversed. The haunch and apex regions are vitally important parts of the
frame and must be carefully proportioned. It is possible to achieve economy through
simplification of the connections, but only when every aspect of the transfer of direct,
moment and shear forces has been carefully considered.
The upward extension of the haunch end plate in detail (a) of Fig 6.1 is often necessary to
accommodate the two topmost bolts, but may be dispensed with in smaller portals, as
shown in detail (b). If the roof sheeting line interferes with the column top it will be
necessary for the column to be trimmed as shown dotted in detail (a). This obviously
involves extra expense. The use of the stiffening plate 'A' is seldom necessary and should
be avoided where this is possible, even at the expense of slightly thickening the end plate.
A method for designing extended end-plate moment connections is given in Section 7.6 of
Structural Steelwork Connections – Limit States Design (Ref. 7). The downward extension
of the end plate, as shown dotted, is only necessary when a high positive moment is
induced under wind load.
The end of the haunch flange, where it butts against the end plate, is often bevelled as
shown in detail (a) of Fig 6.1 to receive a full penetration groove weld. As the force here is
high, it would be difficult in a detail such as shown in (ai) to ensure full bearing of the
flange end against the plate. If the force were to be transferred by the welds then the
throat thickness of the lower weld would tend to be too small. Where the other end of the
haunch flange meets the underside of the rafter it should always be cut, as shown, to
allow an adequate fillet weld to be laid. The depth hh of the haunch should be the
maximum attainable from the section used, viz. h - tf - r1.
The downward extension of the end plates below the apex haunch shown in detail (c) can
be dispensed with in the case of small moments, while the upward extension, shown
dotted, is only required in the case of very high negative moments.
The stiffening plates 'B' to the column are often required to stiffen the web and or flanges
against the tensile or compressive force in the flanges of the haunch, but they can be
dispensed with in smaller portals or when the column section is sufficiently stocky.
Checks on the strength of all of the regions discussed above should be carried out as
described in Section 7.6 of the Steel Construction Handbook (Ref. 5).
The bolts used in eaves and apex connections should be Grade 8.8S (friction-grip type)
because of the high-tension forces induced, but need not be fully torqued to transfer
shear forces in friction grip. They should, however, be well tightened to ensure proper
bearing between the contact surfaces.
An alternative rafter-to-column connection is shown in detail (a) of Fig 6.2, which can be
used for portal frames where the moment at the rafter-to-column junction is not too
severe. The rafter and column have the same section size and are shop-welded with
6.3
4. their flanges bevelled to receive complete penetration groove welds. This is a simple and
cheap connection and is supplemented by a site-bolted splice some way up the rafter, at
a point of reduced bending moment. The location of the splice should be such that the
length L1 of the column-rafter component, as appropriate, is within transport limitations. A
variation of the rafter site splice is shown in detail (b) where a combination of shop
welding and site bolting is used, making for much easier erection. The apex joint is shop-
welded. The length L2 of the rafter to the opposite splice should meet transport
requirements.
(a)
(b)
Fig 6.2: Portal connections - alternative details
Detail (a) of Fig 6.3 shows rafter-to-column and rafter apex splices incorporating a
division plate and applies to connections where the flanges require stiffening.
Where frames have equal column and rafter sections, but where the corner moment is
higher, the details shown in (b) of the figure may be used. Here haunches are attached by
shop welding to accommodate the higher moments and provide increased stiffness.
6.4
5. (a)
Rafter splices
as in Fig 6.2
(b)
Fig 6.3: Portal connections - alternative details
6.4 Lateral restraint to portal frames
As there are high bending moments at the column-to-rafter junction it is necessary to
provide adequate lateral-torsional restraint in this region. This may be done by means of a
strut connected into the column web within the depth of the rafter haunch. A typical detail
is shown in (a) of Fig 6.4, where a circular hollow section with an end plate is used.
This section is light, as well as strong in both tension and compression; because of the
butt-welded end plate it is also able to offer torsional restraint to the column in this highly-
stressed area. The strut is tied into the vertical bracing system(s) at one or both ends of
the building, as discussed in Chapter 11, which deals with bracing systems.
6.5
6. Where the column requires additional lateral
restraint within its height a similar strut may be
used, or the inner flange of the column may be
kneebraced to a girt as shown in detail (b) of
Fig 6.4.
Lateral restraint for the rafter is also required
and this is usually provided by connecting
conventional rafter bracing to the top flange or
within the depth of the rafter section. The form
that this bracing might take is also discussed in
Chapter 11. (a)
6.5 Bracing to compression
flanges of rafters
Kneebraces
Where the lower flanges of the rafters are in
compression, either near the columns when
under gravity loading or further up the slope
when under wind uplift loading, they require to
be restrained laterally to prevent buckling. This
is usually done by fitting angle braces to the (b)
purlins, as shown in Fig 6.5. When angles are
used they may be positioned on either one or
both sides of the rafter. It is, however, important
that the section used is able to act in
compression and tension.
Fig 6.4: Stabilising of column
6.6 Purlins
In a typical portal-frame building the main structural components are the portal frames
themselves and the purlins. To achieve maximum economy it is necessary to optimise the
combined cost of these two items by choosing the correct spacing for the frames. Various
spanning arrangements can be used for the purlins, e.g. single, double or multispan, or Z-
sections overlapped over the rafters, so it is not possible to give definitive guidelines as to
optimum spacing of the frames. What is clear is that the spacing between the purlins
should be as large as the spanning capacity of the roof cladding will allow. Thereafter, for
a given span of portal frame, the designer should do comparative checks for varying
spacings, allowing for the purlin splicing arrangement applicable. The subject of purlins is
dealt with in greater detail in Chapter 12.
6.7 Camber
As mentioned earlier, I-section portal frames are prone to high deflections because of
their slender proportions. For a typical frame with a rafter slope of 15º under dead plus
live load, the vertical deflection at the apex would be of the order of span 200 and the
outward deflections at the tops of the columns about sin 15º times this amount.
6.6
7. It may be necessary to provide a camber or pre-set in the frame to compensate for the
dead load and possibly for some part of the live load to ensure that the columns will be
within the required tolerances for plumbness when erected.
Fig 6.5: Braces to rafter bottom flange
he pre-set is achieved very simply by adjusting the angles between the columns and the
rafters, and between the rafters at the apex, as shown in Fig 6.6.
a
Preset
a
Preset
Outer flange
of rafter
b b
Inner flange
of column
Nominal shape, ie with Nominal shape
frame under full dead load Preset shape
(a) (b)
Fig 6.6: Presetting of portal frame
6.7
8. 6.8 Column bases
The great majority of portal frames are designed with nominally pinned bases. This is for
reasons of economy and simple design. Not only are fixed bases more expensive
because of the need for thicker and larger base plates and the stiffening that is
necessary, but the foundations require to be much larger to resist the base moments.
Only in cases of large lateral deflection, or possibly where brick walls are built into the
columns, is it necessary to resort to fixed bases. These should be kept as simple as
possible, as discussed in Chapter 10.
An alternative method is to use partially fixed bases that can develop a specified moment
that is less than the fully-fixed moment to keep lateral deflections within acceptable limits;
such bases are obviously cheaper than fully fixed bases.
6.9 Gable frames
Where buildings are not designed for future lengthwise extension, there is no need for
portal frames to be provided at the ends. A more economical alternative is to supply a
light I- or channel section rafter spanning across the tops of the gable posts and tied
laterally into the rafter bracing system, as shown in Fig 6.7. Both the rafter and the corner
columns can be much lighter than that of a portal, but more importantly the high cost of
the portal eaves and apex haunches can be saved. It is necessary, though, to provide
lateral support and this can be done by means of a simple bracing system such as that
shown in the figure. Because of the double bracing panels the diagonal members need be
designed for tension only.
6.10 Multispan portals
Multibay buildings were discussed in Section 5.4 of Chapter 5 in the discussion on the
advantages of the double-slope versus the multi-slope profile. In the multi-slope profile
shown in detail (a) of Fig 5.6 it would be structurally desirable to design the internal
columns with fixed tops, i.e. with the columns forming part of the portal frames. In the
case of the double-slope profile shown in detail (b) of that figure, however, the internal
columns might be more economically designed as pin-ended, since on account of their
greater height they would be somewhat less effective in providing lateral stiffness to the
building. Also, because of the absence of lateral restraint in both the xx and yy directions
over their full height a more suitable cross section might be an H-section or a square
RHS. This was discussed in Section 5.2 of Chapter 5 with reference to detail (j) of Fig 5.1.
6.11 Standard portal frames
Some years ago a standardised design for medium to large span low-pitch portal frames
suitable for repetitive production was developed in the United States of America under the
name of Butler building frames. Unlike the plastically designed I-section portals already
described, these frames have their rafter and column sections made of welded plate
girder section, employing minimum thickness material. The slender proportions of the
6.8
9. cross-section elements render the frames unsuitable for plastic design treatment and they
are thus analysed elastically.
A
A
B B
(i) B = Bracing planes (ii)
Alternative Sections A - A
Fig. 6.7: Gable framing
Because of their economy, versatility and attractive appearance these buildings soon
became very popular, their use spreading rapidly to countries outside of the United
States. They are produced in South Africa under the name of Superframe Systems. This
type of construction is, however, generally only economically justified where large-span
buildings are required.
6.9
10. A typical single-span frame of this design is shown in Fig 6.8. It will be seen that the
columns and rafters are tapered to match the general shape of the gravity bending
moment diagram and the high moments at the column-rafter junction and at the apex can
thus be accommodated by the deeper section. Uniform flange and web thicknesses can
be used, resulting in a frame with a minimum steel content.
Roof slope 1:12
Fig 6.8: Standardised portal frame
The higher fabrication cost of the tapered, welded construction is more than offset by the
much reduced material content. The mass can be as little as 75 per cent of a
conventional rolled-steel portal frame of similar size. Web thicknesses are as small as
5 mm and flange thicknesses 8 mm.
Such thin-webbed sections require non-conventional design and fabrication procedures
and the specialist fabricators use computer-aided design and detailing routines and
automated shop assembly methods.
The standard spans range from 12,0 m to 30,0 m in 3,0 m increments and then up to
54,0 m in 6,0 m increments. Eaves heights range from 4,0 m to 8,0 m in 1,0 m
increments. The rafter slope is 1:12 (4,76º).
6.12 Summary
• I-section portal frames designed to the current codes, viz. SABS 0160-1989 and
SABS 0162-1:1993, are lighter than those designed to the earlier codes as regards
strength requirements and deflection is thus likely to be a critical design factor.
Portal frames will therefore tend to be designed elastically in future.
• Simple bolted connections with Grade 8.8S bolts should be used for eaves and
apex joints. Stiffeners to the column and rafter web, and end plate extensions,
should be omitted where feasible.
• For frames with equal column and rafter sections the members may be joined by
welding, with bolted site splices located a short way up the rafters. For high corner
moments welded haunches may be added.
6.10
11. • The rafter-to-column joint requires stabilisation against twist and lateral buckling
because of the high negative moment. This may be achieved with a circular hollow
section strut with end plates welded on and knee-braces if necessary.
• It is important that all bracing members, including purlins and girts, used to effect
lateral torsional stability to the rafter and column have sufficient stiffness to restrain
the appropriate points.
• The bottom flanges of rafters, when under flexural compression, need to be
stabilised against buckling. The means usually employed is angle bracing from the
purlins to the bottom flange.
• For the sake of overall economy in material content and labour input, the spacing of
the portal frames should be considered carefully. A layout having greater purlin
spans and fewer, but slightly heavier frames, is usually best.
• To counteract deflection under gravity loading, portal frames should be preset to
provide a suitable camber. This is done by adjusting the angles between the
columns and the rafter, and between the rafters at the apex.
• Column bases should be pinned wherever possible. If fixed bases are used the
stiffening details should be kept simple.
• In buildings not designed for lengthwise extension, gable frames should be
substituted for the end portals. These frames can be very simple and light, but must
be braced within their plane.
• Multispan portal buildings having two roof slopes only (i.e. no valleys), may have the
interior columns pinned top and bottom for maximum economy and reduced
foundation loading.
6.11