The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) requires facilities to report information about hazardous and toxic chemicals to federal, state and local emergency response authorities to help communities plan for and respond to chemical emergencies. EPCRA establishes reporting obligations for facilities containing hazardous chemicals over certain thresholds and requires facilities to provide information to support emergency planning and notification of chemical releases. It is administered by the EPA and aims to improve public access to chemical hazard data and involvement in emergency response planning.
Section 312 of the Emergency Planning Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) of 1986 states that Emergency and Hazardous Chemical Inventory Reports, also known as Tier II Reports, must be submitted annually by March 1st to your State Emergency Response Commission (SERC), Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) and local fire department(s). Each violation of EPCRA Section 312 may result in civil penalties of up to $25,000.
The Emergency Planning Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) of 1986 states that Tier II Reports must be submitted annually by March 1st to your State Emergency Response Commission (SERC), Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) and local fire department(s). Each violation of the Tier II Reporting requirements may result in civil penalties of up to $25,000 per day.
It is important to take the time to carefully review your facility to determine the quantity of chemicals stored onsite and understand if these quantities require reporting via the annual Tier II report.
Clean Air Act Compliance, Risk Management Plans, and Preparing for the July 1...Triumvirate Environmental
The Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401) of 1963 controls air pollution on a national level. The 1990 amendments to the act created regulations aimed at protecting the ozone layer, reducing acid rain and toxic pollutants, and improving air quality through the Risk Management Plan Rule and the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program. With the TRI deadline rapidly approaching, it is important to carefully review chemical release activities from the past year as you prepare to file your 2019 report.
This webinar will educate attendees on best practices for chemical inventory management. Our expert speaker will address a variety of topics to help you ensure your chemical inventory program is safe and compliant while optimizing for ease, simplicity and cost savings. During this webinar you will learn:
Regulations to watch regarding chemical inventory and management
Organization tactics to optimize for safety and system simplicity
Types of software you can use to improve your program
Case study examples of chemical inventory overhauls and simple tactics you can implement at your organization.
The data reported by industrial facilities helps communities and emergency response agencies plan for emergencies involving hazardous substances. We can provide the EPA enforcement consulting to assist you with this reporting.
The data reported by industrial facilities helps communities and emergency response agencies plan for emergencies involving hazardous substances. We can provide the EPA enforcement consulting to assist you with this reporting.
Section 312 of the Emergency Planning Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) of 1986 states that Emergency and Hazardous Chemical Inventory Reports, also known as Tier II Reports, must be submitted annually by March 1st to your State Emergency Response Commission (SERC), Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) and local fire department(s). Each violation of EPCRA Section 312 may result in civil penalties of up to $25,000.
The Emergency Planning Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) of 1986 states that Tier II Reports must be submitted annually by March 1st to your State Emergency Response Commission (SERC), Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) and local fire department(s). Each violation of the Tier II Reporting requirements may result in civil penalties of up to $25,000 per day.
It is important to take the time to carefully review your facility to determine the quantity of chemicals stored onsite and understand if these quantities require reporting via the annual Tier II report.
Clean Air Act Compliance, Risk Management Plans, and Preparing for the July 1...Triumvirate Environmental
The Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401) of 1963 controls air pollution on a national level. The 1990 amendments to the act created regulations aimed at protecting the ozone layer, reducing acid rain and toxic pollutants, and improving air quality through the Risk Management Plan Rule and the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program. With the TRI deadline rapidly approaching, it is important to carefully review chemical release activities from the past year as you prepare to file your 2019 report.
This webinar will educate attendees on best practices for chemical inventory management. Our expert speaker will address a variety of topics to help you ensure your chemical inventory program is safe and compliant while optimizing for ease, simplicity and cost savings. During this webinar you will learn:
Regulations to watch regarding chemical inventory and management
Organization tactics to optimize for safety and system simplicity
Types of software you can use to improve your program
Case study examples of chemical inventory overhauls and simple tactics you can implement at your organization.
The data reported by industrial facilities helps communities and emergency response agencies plan for emergencies involving hazardous substances. We can provide the EPA enforcement consulting to assist you with this reporting.
The data reported by industrial facilities helps communities and emergency response agencies plan for emergencies involving hazardous substances. We can provide the EPA enforcement consulting to assist you with this reporting.
US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) ReformCovance
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Public Law 94-469, was first signed into Law on October 11, 1976 due to the use of a large number of chemicals in the United States (US) and exposure to human health or the environment. This act was recently updated under 'The Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act', Public Law 114-182, and was signed into Law on June 22, 2016 by US President Obama. The scope of the reform does not include; pesticides, tobacco, nuclear materials, food, drugs or cosmetics. TSCA allows the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess chemical risks to human health and the environment and to take action to control these risks. In summary, TSCA authorizes the EPA to keep an 'inventory' of all existing chemicals. Currently the inventory comprises approximately 83,000 chemicals that are being manufactured or imported into the US. Chemicals on the inventory can be manufactured or imported into the US, chemicals that are not on the inventory cannot be manufactured or imported into the US.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) signed the final Management Standards for Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals Rule in December 2018. This rule is designed to reduce the amount of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals entering our waterways, improving the quality of our surface and drinking water. Is your facility prepared to comply with these changes?
There have been many recent changes to the DEA and EPA regulations regarding pharmaceutical waste management. Is your organization compliant with the current rules? Here is a comprehensive look at the disposal and onsite waste management regulations for controlled substances.
Complying With Environmental, Health and Safety Requirements for Activities Involving Hazardous Chemicals. The final eBook in a three-part series explaining the regulations triggered when your organization acquires and uses chemicals. Learn about dozens of environmental, health and safety (EH&S) provisions intended to ensure that those chemicals are managed safely.
The First Book in a three-part series explaining the regulations triggered when your organization acquires and uses chemicals. Learn about dozens of environmental, health and safety (EH&S) provisions intended to ensure that those chemicals are managed safely.
Enhancing Chemical Management Within the Framework of Existing TSCA Regulations3ECompany
This presentation provides a brief history of TSCA, as well as an overview of its scope and sections. It also reviews current activity surrounding TSCA reform and modernization and the potential impact that any reform will have on business.
Enhancing Chemical Management Within the Framework of Existing TSCA Regulations3ECompany
This presentation provides an overview of TSCA as it is currently configured and also reviews plans to reform the bills and possible implications on businesses.
Enhancing Chemical Management Within the Framework of Existing TSCA Regulations3ECompany
This presentation provides an overview of TSCA as it is currently configured and also reviews plans to reform the bills and possible implications on businesses.
LIVING WITH THE EARTHCHAPTER 13ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS & COMP.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
CHAPTER 13
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
& COMPLIANCE
Page
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a Law
Bill is first introduced into house and senate;
Referred to subcommittee for review and support;
90% fail at this level
Recommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;
Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;
If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)
The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.
The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.
House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
BILL
BILL
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
The Making of a Law (cont.)
If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.
Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
Page
Common Themes Among Environmental Laws
EIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS
1. Notification requirements
2. Discharge or waste controls
3. Process controls and pollution prevention
4. Product controls
5. Regulation of activities
6. Safe transportation requirements
7. Response and remediation requirements
8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a System
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:
U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS
FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCES
REGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS
COURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWS
THE COMMON LAW
Executive Orders
These are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common Law
A body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.
Basic rules originally developed in England and t ...
A Brief presentation on the Code of Federal Regulations in Pharmaceuticals (21 CFR), which covers the following aspects:
- Introduction to CFR
- Organization and structure of CFR
- History of CFR
- Table of Contents
- Title 21; CFR in Pharmaceuticals
- IND Application process regulations
- Research tools in CFR
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) proposed Management Standards for Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals Rule has once again taken center stage. Three years after being signed by the EPA Administrator, it may finally become a reality this summer. This rule is designed to prevent facilities from disposing of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or drain, as this method could cause contamination and detriment to the environment. Is your healthcare facility prepared for these looming changes?
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) ReformCovance
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Public Law 94-469, was first signed into Law on October 11, 1976 due to the use of a large number of chemicals in the United States (US) and exposure to human health or the environment. This act was recently updated under 'The Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act', Public Law 114-182, and was signed into Law on June 22, 2016 by US President Obama. The scope of the reform does not include; pesticides, tobacco, nuclear materials, food, drugs or cosmetics. TSCA allows the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess chemical risks to human health and the environment and to take action to control these risks. In summary, TSCA authorizes the EPA to keep an 'inventory' of all existing chemicals. Currently the inventory comprises approximately 83,000 chemicals that are being manufactured or imported into the US. Chemicals on the inventory can be manufactured or imported into the US, chemicals that are not on the inventory cannot be manufactured or imported into the US.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) signed the final Management Standards for Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals Rule in December 2018. This rule is designed to reduce the amount of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals entering our waterways, improving the quality of our surface and drinking water. Is your facility prepared to comply with these changes?
There have been many recent changes to the DEA and EPA regulations regarding pharmaceutical waste management. Is your organization compliant with the current rules? Here is a comprehensive look at the disposal and onsite waste management regulations for controlled substances.
Complying With Environmental, Health and Safety Requirements for Activities Involving Hazardous Chemicals. The final eBook in a three-part series explaining the regulations triggered when your organization acquires and uses chemicals. Learn about dozens of environmental, health and safety (EH&S) provisions intended to ensure that those chemicals are managed safely.
The First Book in a three-part series explaining the regulations triggered when your organization acquires and uses chemicals. Learn about dozens of environmental, health and safety (EH&S) provisions intended to ensure that those chemicals are managed safely.
Enhancing Chemical Management Within the Framework of Existing TSCA Regulations3ECompany
This presentation provides a brief history of TSCA, as well as an overview of its scope and sections. It also reviews current activity surrounding TSCA reform and modernization and the potential impact that any reform will have on business.
Enhancing Chemical Management Within the Framework of Existing TSCA Regulations3ECompany
This presentation provides an overview of TSCA as it is currently configured and also reviews plans to reform the bills and possible implications on businesses.
Enhancing Chemical Management Within the Framework of Existing TSCA Regulations3ECompany
This presentation provides an overview of TSCA as it is currently configured and also reviews plans to reform the bills and possible implications on businesses.
LIVING WITH THE EARTHCHAPTER 13ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS & COMP.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
CHAPTER 13
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
& COMPLIANCE
Page
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a Law
Bill is first introduced into house and senate;
Referred to subcommittee for review and support;
90% fail at this level
Recommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;
Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;
If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)
The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.
The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.
House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
BILL
BILL
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
The Making of a Law (cont.)
If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.
Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
Page
Common Themes Among Environmental Laws
EIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS
1. Notification requirements
2. Discharge or waste controls
3. Process controls and pollution prevention
4. Product controls
5. Regulation of activities
6. Safe transportation requirements
7. Response and remediation requirements
8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a System
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:
U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS
FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCES
REGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS
COURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWS
THE COMMON LAW
Executive Orders
These are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common Law
A body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.
Basic rules originally developed in England and t ...
A Brief presentation on the Code of Federal Regulations in Pharmaceuticals (21 CFR), which covers the following aspects:
- Introduction to CFR
- Organization and structure of CFR
- History of CFR
- Table of Contents
- Title 21; CFR in Pharmaceuticals
- IND Application process regulations
- Research tools in CFR
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) proposed Management Standards for Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals Rule has once again taken center stage. Three years after being signed by the EPA Administrator, it may finally become a reality this summer. This rule is designed to prevent facilities from disposing of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or drain, as this method could cause contamination and detriment to the environment. Is your healthcare facility prepared for these looming changes?
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Altered Terrain: Colonial Encroachment and Environmental Changes in Cachar, A...PriyankaKilaniya
The beginning of colonial policy in the area was signaled by the British annexation of the Cachar district in southern Assam in 1832. The region became an alluring investment opportunity for Europeans after British rule over Cachar, especially after the accidental discovery of wild tea in 1855. Within this historical context, this study explores three major stages that characterize the evolution of nature. First, it examines the distribution and growth of tea plantations, examining their size and rate of expansion. The second aspect of the study examines the consequences of land concessions, which led to the initial loss of native forests. Finally, the study investigates the increased strain on forests caused by migrant workers' demands. It also highlights the crucial role that the Forest Department plays in protecting these natural habitats from the invasion of tea planters. This study aims to analyze the intricate relationship between colonialism and the altered landscape of Cachar, Assam, by means of a thorough investigation, shedding light on the environmental, economic, and societal aspects of this historical transformation.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
2. • Historical Perspective
– Bhopal, India, December 3, 1984
– EPCRA
• Enacted October 16, 1986
• Effective in 1987
• EPCRA
– Requires public disclosure by facilities
• Information about on-site chemicals
• Information to support local agencies in emergency response
planning
– Administered by the EPA and state and local authorities
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
(EPCRA)
3. • Definitions of facility in EPCRA and CERCLA are not identical.
• Under EPCRA, a facility includes:
– All buildings, equipment, structures, and other stationary items
• Located on a single site or on contiguous or adjacent sites
• Owned or operated by the same person
• Includes motor vehicles, rolling stock, and aircraft
• Multiple releases of the same substance at various locations from
contiguous plants or installations on contiguous property under
common ownership or control must be added together to determine
whether the releases must be reported.
What is Considered a Facility?
4. • Known as SARA Title III
– Title III of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act
• Has four components:
1. Emergency planning Notification
(Section 302)
2. Emergency Release Notification (Section
304)
3. Hazardous Chemical Inventory Reporting
(Sections 311-312)
4. Toxic Chemical Release Reporting
(Section 313)
Components of EPCRA
5. Organization of EPCRA
EPCRA is divided into three subtitles
• Subtitle A: Emergency Planning and Notification
(Sections 301-305)
• Subtitle B: Reporting Requirements (Sections 311-
313)
• Hazardous chemical inventory reporting
• Toxic chemical release reporting
• Subtitle C: General Provisions (Sections 321-330)
6. • Emergency Planning and
Notification
– SERC
– LEPC
– EHS and TPQ
– Local Emergency Plan
– Emergency Planning
Notification
Subtitle A Overview
7. • Appoint, supervise, and coordinate LEPCs
• Designate an official coordinator for:
– Processing information from facilities
– Responding to public requests
• Consist of members who:
– Are appointed by the state governor
– Have technical expertise in the emergency response field
State Emergency Response
Commissions (SERCs)
8. • Prepare and implement an
effective emergency response
plan for the local district
• Based on planning districts
– On a county basis for most
states
• Have a broad-based
membership
Local Emergency Planning Committees
(LEPCs)*
* Section 301 of EPCRA
9. • More than 350 substances are
listed as EHS.
• The EHS list is revised
periodically.
• 1% de minimis rule applies for
most EHS in mixtures, solutions,
or formulations.
Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHSs)
10. Threshold Planning Quantities
• The Threshold Planning Quantity (or TPQ) is the quantity of an
EHS that triggers emergency planning requirements.
• An EHS is assigned a TPQ based on perceived risk.
• TPQs can be 1, 10, 100, 500, 1,000, to 10,000 pounds depending
on the relative risk.
• Each solid EHS has 2 TPQs, a low one if it is a fine powder and a
larger one if it is an aggregate.
• The reasoning behind the TPQ is that limited state and local
resources should be focused on those substances that could
cause the greatest harm in an accidental release.
11. Reportable Quantities
Reportable Quantities (or RQ) are quantities that trigger
EPCRA reporting requirements. The actual definition of RQ is
the maximum amount, in pounds, that may be released into the
environment without triggering the reporting requirements of
Section 102 of CERCLA.
• EHS chemicals have differing amounts that trigger reporting requirements.
• Both the CERCLA RQs and the EPCRA TPQ are utilized in determining RQs
under EPCRA.
• For most EHS, the lower of 500 pounds or the actual TPQ is the RQ.
• If a chemical is both an EHS and a CERCLA hazardous substance, then
the CERCLA RQ must be used.
12. TPQ and RQ Reporting
• Threshold planning quantities (TPQ) and reportable quantities (RQ) both
apply to reporting requirements.
• EHS are assigned threshold planning quantities (TPQ) based on perceived
risk.
• A reportable quantity (RQ) is the maximum amount, in pounds, that may
be released into the environment without triggering the reporting
requirements of Section 102 of CERCLA. (TPQ are in addition to CERCLA
requirements.)
• EHS RQ apply only to the release of an EHS that is not also categorized as a
CERCLA hazardous substance (HS).
• If a chemical is both an EHS and HS, then the CERCLA RQ must be used.
13. Local Emergency Plan
• LEPC responsibilities
• Facility responsibilities
– Emergency planning notification
– Report storage, use, and release
of certain hazardous chemicals
14. • Called Section 302 notification*
• Applies if EHS is present
– Quantity equal to TP Q or 500 lbs.,
whichever is less
• Requires SERC notification
– Within 60 days after a facility acquires an EHS in
quantity equal to the TPQ or 500 lbs.,
whichever is less
Emergency Planning Notification
* Implemented under 40 CFR 355
15. • Implemented under 40 CFR 355
• Covers EHSs and hazardous substances
• Requires notification of SERC and LEPC if:
– RQ or greater released
– RQ released in 24 hours or less
– Release results in exposure of persons outside the facilities
boundary
• Certain releases are exempt if CERCLA definitions
are met:
– Federally permitted as defined by Section 101(10)
– Continuous as defined by Section 103(f)
Emergency
Release Notification
16. Subtitle B Overview
Three reporting requirements
1. Section 311 requires reporting of MSDS
information for all hazardous chemicals (HC).
2. Section 312 requires inventory reporting of HC
and EHS site information.
3. Section 313 requires annual toxic chemical
usage and release information.
17. • Defined under OSHA
– Requires a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
– Presents a physical or health hazard
– Does not include chemicals:
Regulated in food or drugs
In manufactured items
For “household” uses
Used in a research laboratory or a hospital
Used in routine agriculture
Hazardous Chemical
18. Section 311: MSDS Reporting
Section 311 requires reporting of MSDS
information for all hazardous chemicals (HC)
for which inventory is required.
• Present at one time in quantities in excess of
minimum threshold levels
• Copies of MSDS or list of HC
• Sent to SERC, LEPC, and local fire department
19. Section 312: Annual Inventory Reporting
Section 312 requires reporting of hazardous
chemical and EHS on site:
• Present at one time in quantities in excess of the
minimum threshold
– For HC, 10,000 lbs
– for EHS, TPQ or 500 lbs, whichever is less
Information required on the inventory reporting form
includes:
• Locations and storage container types
• Quantity – by number of days and range in pounds
• Physical state
20. Total Annual Reportable Amount
The total annual reportable amount must
include all toxic chemicals that are:
• Released, treated, recycled, or burned for energy
recovery
• Transferred off-site for recycling, energy recovery,
treatment and/or disposal
21. Section 313: Toxic Chemical Release Reporting*
• Sometimes referred to as "Section 313 Reporting"
• Use Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) Forms
• Submit annually to SERC and the EPA
• Covers all listed toxic chemicals used at or above
threshold quantities
• Allows certain exemptions and exceptions
* 40 CFR 372
22. Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic (PBTs)
• Toxic
• Remain in the environment for long periods of
time
• Not readily destroyed
• Build up or accumulate in body tissue
23. Form R and Form A Reports
• Form R, or Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), reports:
– Facility information
– Chemical-specific information
– Source reduction and recycling
• Form A reports
– Shorter than Form R
– Not for PBT chemicals
– Quantity limitations (meets the alternate threshold,
which is less than 1,000,000 pounds used and annual
RQ of less than 500 pounds)
24. Exemptions
Exemptions for threshold amount
determination include:
• De minimis concentrations
• Articles
• Certain uses
• Activities in laboratories
• Reported information that is publicly available.
25. Manufacturers of products
containing toxic chemicals must
provide written notice to users
that the product contains a toxic
chemical.
Subtitle B: Reporting Requirements for Toxic
Chemicals
26. Subtitle C: General Provisions
• Trade secrets allowed
• Public access to local emergency planning
information
• Penalties of up to $27,500 per day per
violation
27. Trade Secrets
A claim of trade secret or confidentiality must meet the
criteria set forth in the EPCRA law as follows:
• The information cannot have already been disclosed publicly.
• The information cannot be information that is otherwise required to be
disclosed by other federal or state laws.
• The disclosure of the information must be shown to likely cause
substantial harm to a business' competitive position.
• The chemical identity cannot be readily discovered through reverse
engineering.
28. Disclosing Hazard Information
Even trade secrets must be disclosed to health professionals
(doctors and nurses) if the information is requested. The health
professionals may request the information if a patient's symptoms
seem to indicate that the trade secret chemical was the cause or if
the health professional determines that a medical emergency has
occurred.
Also, the SERC is required to provide the information about the
adverse health effects of any "trade secret" chemical to any person
who requests this information. In other words, the potential
adverse health effects of a "trade secret" chemical may not be
withheld. In addition, any duly authorized committee of the U.S.
Congress may request the specifics about any "trade secret"
chemical.
29. Public Access to Information
Section 324 directs the EPA, governors,
SERCs, and LEPCs to make the following
available to the general public:
• Emergency response plans
• MSDSs
• Lists of chemicals
• Inventory forms
• Toxic chemical release forms
• Follow-up emergency notices
30. Penalties and Enforcement
The Environmental Protection Agency may extract fines from
anyone not in compliance with EPCRA. These penalties can
be as much as $27,500 per day, per chemical, per violation.
Each entity that is supposed to be provided with a Tier Two
Report, List of Chemicals or MSDS, or Emergency
Notification is considered a separate point of compliance.
In addition, citizens have the right by federal law to bring a
civil lawsuit against a company that refuses to come into
compliance with EPCRA law.