4. RFID
RFID = Radio Frequency Identification
Electronic labeling and wireless identification of objects using radio
frequency
Tag carries with its information
a serial number
Model number
Color or any other imaginable data
When these tags pass through a field generated by a compatible
reader, they transmit this information back to the reader, thereby
identifying the object
5. RFID components
A basic RFID system consists of these components:
A programmable RFID tag/inlay for storing item data;
Consisting of an RFID chip for data storage
an antenna to facilitate communication with the RFID chip
A reader/antenna system to interrogate the RFID inlay
Application software and a host computer system
6. RFID Tag
The RFID tag consists of an integrated circuit (IC) embedded in a
thin film medium.
Information stored in the memory of the RFID chip is transmitted by
the antenna circuit embedded in the RFID inlay via radio
frequencies, to an RFID reader
3 types
Passive
Semi-passive
Active
7. Types of RFID Tags
Active Tags
Use a battery
communicate over distances of several meters
Semi-passive Tags
Contain built-in batteries to power the chip’s
circuitry, resist interference and circumvent a lack of
power from the reader signal due to long distance.
They are different from active tags in that they only
transmit data at the time a response is received
Passive Tags
Derive their power from the field generated by the
reader
without having an active transmitter to transfer the
information stored
8. Applications
Frequency Appx. Read
Range
Data Speed Cost of
Tags
Application
Low Frequency
(125kHz)
<5cm
(passive)
Low High • Animal Identification
• Access Control
High Frequency
(13.56 Mhz)
10 cm – 1m
(passive)
Low to
Moderate
Mediu
m to
Low
• Smart Cards
• Payment (paywave)
Ultra High
Frequency (433,
868-928 Mhz)
3m -7m
(passive)
Moderate to
High
Low • Logistics and Supply
Chain
• Baggage Tracking
Microwave (2.45
& 5.8 Ghz)
10m -15m
(passive)
20m – 40m
(active)
High High • Electronic toll
collection (Autotoll)
• Container Tracking
Applicatio
ns
es ation
Access
Control
Doorway
entry
Other
keyless
entry
technologie
s
High Passive
Asset
Tracking
Locating
tractors
within a
freight
yard
None Low Active
Asset
Tagging
Tracking
corporate
computin
g systems
Bar Code Low Passive
Authenticat
ion
Luxury
goods
counterfei
t
preventio
n
Holograms Low Passive
Baggage
Tracking
Positive
bag
matching
Bar Code,
Optical
Character
Recognition
Low Passive
POS
Application
s
SpeedPas
s
Credit
Cards,
Smart
Cards,
Wireless
Phones
Mediu
m
Passive
SCM
(Container
Level)
Tracking
container
s in
shipping
terminals
GPS-based
Systems
Low Active
SCM (Pallet
Level)
Tracking
palletized
shipments
Bar Code Minima
l
Active, Passive
SCM (Item
Level)
Identifyin
g
individual
items
Bar Code Minima
l
Passive
Vehicle
Identificatio
n
Electronic
toll
collection
Bar Code,
License
plate,
reader
systems
Mediu
m
Active, Passive
Vehicle
Immobilizer
Automoti
ve ignition
Other theft
prevention
High Passive
13. Survey Result
Enhanced customer
satisfaction Improved efficiency
Increased inventory turnover
rate Reduced manpower
Reduced total cost
0
2
0
2
1
0
2
1
3
0
1
1
0
1
0
3
4
4
4
4
Benefits of using RFID in differentindustries
Manufacturing Retailing Transportation Warehousing Logistics
and Supply
Chain
Manageme
nt
20%
Pharmaceu
tic
manufactur
ing
industries
15%
Library
Manageme
nt
21%
Inventory
Control
10%
Document
Manageme
nt
8%
Security
8%
Customer
Services
5%Hotel
Manageme
nt
5%
Banking
and
Finance
5%
Social
Services
3%
Other
18%
Types of industries that
respondents think
it is possible to apply RFID
technology
