Almost every day, you come into contact with or are exposed to small doses of radiation. This radiation is produced by both man-made and natural sources, such as the sun's rays (such as microwave ovens and medical X-rays).But a radiation event, such as a nuclear power plant disaster, can expose you to high, dangerous levels.

1. 14 Effects of Radiation on the Human
Body and the Environment
Radiation is an example of energy. It passes through the air as radiation or
particles. Dust, powder, and liquid are examples of things that radiation can stick
to. These materials can produce radioactivity, which means they emit radiation.
Almost every day, you come into contact with or are exposed to small doses of
radiation. This radiation is produced by both man-made and natural sources,
such as the sun's rays (such as microwave ovens and medical X-rays). These
radiations are not harmful.
But a radiation event, such as a nuclear power plant disaster, can expose you to
high, dangerous levels. Different precautions must be taken depending on the
type of radiation to protect our health and the environment from the effects of
radiation and help us get the benefits of its many applications.
Table of Contents
1. What is Radiation?
2. Effects of Radiation on Pregnancy
2.1. Something that is not good
2.2. Growth restriction
2.3. Mental retardation
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2. 2.4. Carcinogenesis
2.5. Genetic modification
2.6. Miscarriage
3. Effects of Radiation on the Human Body
3.1. Hair
3.2. Brain
3.3. Thyroid
3.4. Blood system
3.5. Heart
3.6. Intestinal tract
3.7. Reproductive Tract
4. Effects of Radiation on the Environment
5. Positive Effects of Radiation
6. closure
7. 14 Effects of Radiation on the Human Body and the Environment - Questions
7.1. What is the stochastic effect of radiation?
7.2. What is the deterministic effect of radiation?
7.3. What are the long-term effects of radiation?
What is Radiation?
Energy known as radiation travels from one place to another in the form of waves
or bodies.
The energy that travels from the source to the sky at the speed of light is called
radiation. This energy has a wave-like quality and is accompanied by electric
currents and magnetic fields. Radiation can be referred to as electromagnetic
waves.
Radiation can be in the form of light or heat. Because it is powerful enough to
knock electrons out of atoms, the type of radiation covered on this website is
known as ionizing radiation.
These atoms emit energy or mass in the form of radiation to achieve stability. The
two types of radiation are particulate and electromagnetic (like light) (that is, the
mass is given by the energy of movement).
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3. Examples of electromagnetic radiation include X-rays and gamma radiation.
Examples of radioactive particles include beta and alpha radiation. Another
source of ionizing radiation is equipment such as X-ray machines.
Radiation exposure is known as irradiation. When the whole body or part of the
body is exposed to radiation from a source , irradiation occurs. A person does not
perform radioactivity after exposure to radiation.
2. Effects of Radiation on Pregnancy
Most of the radiation exposure that a pregnant woman can receive, such as
those from diagnostic medical examinations or occupational exposures that are
within legal limits, will not have any adverse effects on the fetus. However,
inadvertent or intentional disclosures that exceed statutory limits may be
relevant.
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4. The risk of radiation exposure to an unborn child will depend on the
following factors:
● Radiation therapy—low doses (doses) are more effective
● Fetal age - the further along you are in pregnancy, the better
● Radiation exposure—tests in the abdomen or pelvis or areas where
radiation is carried in your blood carry a higher risk than other tests.
Radiation effects on pregnancy include
● Damage
● Growth restriction
● Mental retardation
● Carcinogenesis
● Genetic modification
● Miscarriage
1. Something that is not good
During the organogenesis stage of early pregnancy, the possibility of
abnormalities increases (2 to 8 weeks). The threshold for radiation damage to a
fetus under 16 weeks of pregnancy is approximately 0.10 to 0.20 Gy (100 to 200
mGy, 10 to 20 rads).
After 16 weeks of pregnancy, this threshold is very high, at least 16 to 0.50 Gy
(0.70 to 500 mGy, 700 to 50 rads). The fetus is resistant to the teratogenic effects
of ionizing radiation beyond 70 to 20 weeks of pregnancy, or at the latest in the
second month.
2. Growth restriction
Persistent tissue growth restriction was observed in data from atomic bomb
survivors as radiation exposure increased, particularly above 1 Gy. When the
exposure occurred in the first trimester, this was especially evident. At age 18,
the height decreased by 3% to 4% each time the total dose exceeded 1 Gy.
3. Mental retardation
According to the study, the risk of depression and microcephaly is high between
8 and 15 weeks after pregnancy, when the symptoms occur. Anomalies are
associated with abnormal neuronal development, most likely due to cellular
changes, abnormal neuronal replication, and permanent radiation damage.

5. In newborns of survivors exposed before eight weeks or after twenty-five weeks
after pregnancy, no cases of severe intellectual disability were observed. From
the threshold of 8 Gy (25 mGy, 0.12 rads) at 120 to 12 weeks and 8 Gy (15 mGy,
0.21 rads) from 210 to 21 weeks, the risk was evident as a linear function of the
exposed dose.
4. Carcinogenesis
Animal studies show that carcinogens are often found during fetal development.
When exposed to radiation levels of 0.01 to 0.02 Gy (10 to 20 mGy; 1 to 2 rad)
during pregnancy, the risk of developing childhood cancer, especially leukemia,
rises from about 1.5 to 2.
Similarly, infants exposed to radiation of 0.01 Gy (10 mGy, 1 rad) have a 0.3% to
0.7% higher risk of developing childhood diseases, especially leukemia
(unexposed risk: 0.2% to 0.3%).
However, as non-exposed siblings of exposed children also have a higher rate of
leukemia, the evidence of carcinogenic potential at low levels of radiation is
questionable. Also, children exposed in utero to the Hiroshima and Nagasaki
explosions had significantly higher carcinogenic rates.
5. Genetic modification
Ionizing radiation can increase the frequency of frequent genetic mutations, but
since the rate of spontaneous mutations is already high-about 10%-it is difficult to
detect such minute changes.
Research on radiation-induced mutagenesis has already focused on animal and
plant species; Little information is known about humans, except for a cursory
observation of the genealogy of atomic bomb survivors. In general, no population
with ionizing radiation-induced mutagenesis has been shown to be susceptible to
any type of radiation.
In terms of non-ionizing radiation from electromagnetic waves from computers,
heating blankets, heating pads, microwave communication systems, microwave
ovens, cell phones, household appliances, power lines, and airport screening
devices poses an incalculable risk to childbearing.
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6. This paper comes to the conclusion that there is insufficient evidence to link
female exposure to these sources to fetal death or other adverse birth outcomes.
6. Miscarriage
A miscarriage can also result from radiation exposure while pregnant. A fetus
that dies before 20 weeks of pregnancy is called this. In addition, the embryo
may not implant. In addition, there are cataracts. congenital malformations , and
central nervous system disorders.
Effects of Radiation on the Human Body
Exposure to different sources of radiation affects specific parts of the body. The
adverse effects of radiation exposure on health depend on many variables.
● Amount of dose (amount of energy injected into the body)
● Radiation can damage the human body.
● Organ system affected.
There are many ways of exposure that can lead to internal or external radiation
exposure.
Radionuclide enters the blood when it is inhaled, eaten, or otherwise entered the
body (for example, through an injection or through a wound).

7. Internal exposure ends when the radionuclide is expelled from the body, either
naturally (through poisoning, for example) or as a result of medical intervention.
When airborne radioactive material (such as dust, liquid, or aerosol) is applied to
the skin or clothing, exposure can occur. This type of radioactive material is
usually flushed from the body.
Radiation from external sources, such as medical radiation exposure from
X-rays, can also lead to ionizing radiation exposure. When the source of radiation
is protected or when the subject passes outside the radiation, the radiation stops.
Effects of radiation on the human body include
● Hair
● Brain
● Gyroid
● Blood System
● Heart
● Gastrointestinal Stomach
● Study Tract
1. Hair
Radiation exposure of 200 rems or more causes rapid hair loss and thinning.
2. Brain
Brain cells do not divide, so unless the exposure is 5,000 rems or more, they will
not be directly harmed. Radiation damages small blood vessels and nerve cells,
such as the heart, and can cause seizures and immediate death.
3. Thyroid
Exposure to different sources of radiation has a greater effect on some parts of
the body than others. Radioactive iodine has the potential to harm the thyroid
gland. Radioactive iodine can completely or partially destroy the thyroid when
used in large doses. The effects of exposure can be reduced by using potassium
iodide.
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8. 4. Blood system
The number of blood lymphocyte cells will decrease after exposure to about 100
rems, making the subject more susceptible to infection. This condition is often
called mild radiation sickness. If a blood test is not done, the first signs of
radiation sickness may not be recognized since they are similar to flu symptoms.
5. Heart
Small blood vessels will be quickly damaged by strong radiation exposure
between 1,000 and 5,000 rems, which will certainly cause heart failure and
death.
6. Intestinal tract
Nausea, vomiting blood, and diarrhea are symptoms of damage to the digestive
tract from radiation. When the victim is exposed for 200 rems or more, this
happens. The radiation will begin to destroy the rapidly dividing cells of the body.
These damage the DNA and RNA of the remaining cells, including the blood, GI
tract, reproductive cells, and hair.
7. Reproductive Tract
Rem levels as low as 200 can harm the reproductive tract since its cells divide
rapidly. Some people who suffer from radiation sickness will eventually give birth.
Effects of Radiation on the Environment
Because nuclear plants require a large amount of radiation to operate, it is well
known that these plants release a lot of radiation that is dangerous to human
health.

9. These power plants can work well or even have an accident, which will harm
both people and the environment.
The environment follows people in terms of potential for harm.
Other types of radiation, such as that released after the explosion of an atomic or
hydrogen bomb, are very dangerous to the environment.
The nearby area is completely destroyed as a result. Everything in its path burns
from the intense heat of thermal radiation, including people, trees, and buildings.
Animals, both domestic and wild, as well as cultivated plants, can be harmed by
the dust of the atomic fragments, which are highly radioactive.
Scientists can now estimate the environmental impact of a small nuclear conflict
due to radioactive emissions from the Chernobyl power station.
The radiation produced at Chernobyl is equivalent to nearly 12 atomic bombs
detonated at a height that would cause a devastating explosion.
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10. At Chernobyl, a 10-day fire spewed large amounts of radioactive iodine-10 and
cesium-131 ​
​
into the atmosphere. Organisms are more sensitive to the dangers of
these isotopes.
Atomic bomb explosions can release radioactive debris that can travel into
nearby waters and contaminate aquatic life such as fish .
In addition, the fruits and other plant life in the area and forest land will be
contaminated due to the discharge of the explosion of many atomic bombs.
Generations of animals and people following pollution will also have genetic
changes and diseases. For example, the Chernobyl forest has a large amount of
radioactive cesium in its fauna. For many years to come, according to scientists,
the pollution will not change.
Positive Effects of Radiation
It is hotly debated that low doses of ionizing radiation can be beneficial in
biological processes. Positive effects are sometimes observed. These beneficial
effects have many different meanings. The positive effects that can not be used
to generalize for a population that they include
● Rapid development or growth process,
● Improved cell survival rate and stimulation of the repair process.
● After being irradiated with a small amount of radiation, the cells' sensitivity
to high levels of radiation is reduced ("conditioning", also called "adaptive
response").
closure
As we have seen, radiation can benefit both humans and the environment in a
way that is beneficial for our survival and growth but these radiations can be very
dangerous which can cause changes and even cancer in humans and in - affect
our environment.
It will be very important to me that you and I do not see ourselves near the
radiation source and only have the examination when the doctor recommends it.