2. What are services ?
Services are the facilities for a building.
Following are the common services for a
residential and commercial building
1. Water supply system
2. Sanitary system
3. Gas supply system
4. Drainage system
5. Electricity supply system
6. Telephone facility
7. Internet facility
3. Services Groups
Services system consists of
arrangement of pipes or wires with in
or on to surface of the primary
elements of building
Services in a building can be broadly
classify in to two groups
1. Those which require pipes
2. Those which require wires
4. Pipe services materials
Pipe material can be of following types
1. Lead
2. Copper
3. Stainless steel
4. Mild steel
5. Cast Iron (CI) (BS 78, BS 437 and BS 4622)
6. Vitrified clay (BS 65)
7. Concrete
8. pitch fiber (BS 2760)
9. Asbestos cement (AC)
10. galvanized iron (GI)
11. Plastic PVC (BS 3506 ,4660)
5. Wired service material
wired material is know as conductor
through which electricity can flow
easily and the conductor covering
material is called insulator
Copper is the most common material
for conductor
PVC is the most suitable material as
insulator
7. Cold water system
Cold water system provide water for
the following purposes.
1. Drinking purpose
2. Cooking purpose
3. Sanitary purpose
4. Washing purpose
5. Gardening
8. Types of Cold water system
Cold water system is of two types
1. Direct system
2. Indirect system
Water is drawn from main service pie of WASA
(water & sanitary Authority).
Different valves are used like
Stop valve (connect or isolate the W/S from main
service)
Drain cock (connect or isolate the inter W/S system
of building
9. Direct system
In this system main service pipe
pressure is considered as constant
and in the system water is directly
distributed in the building through
smaller diameter Pipes but for hot
water system water provide for
storage by a rising main into a storage
cistern OHR as show in fig
lesser pipe lengths are required.
11. Indirect system
In the system water is first feed to water cistern or OHR
In this system water is distributed in the building by mean of pipes of
different sizes. The size of pipes depend on the
1. Quality of water
2. Length of pipe
3. Water pressure available
more pipe lengths are required in this system.
Air pocket must be avoided as they could lead to air lock
water supply is controlled at various points by mean of valves or
stopcocks like ..
Ball valve ( To control the level of water in OHR
Gate valve ( To isolate or shutoff supply to various parts of system)
Reflux or no return valve (It is used to maintain one directional
flow in pipes.
Pillar taps (to provide user control)
13. Hot water system
Hot water system provide hot water for
1. Bathing
2. Space heating
3. Washing
Source of heat
1. Boiler
2. Electrical heat
3. Geyser
14. Types of Hot water system
Hot water system is of two types
1. Direct
2. Indirect
15. Types of Hot water system
Direct system
in this system hot water circulates b/w Boiler
and OHR water rain off as required
Indirect system
in the system water circulates b/w boiler &
storage but does not mixed with it.
An expansion pipe is provided its allow
discharge extra water in cold water cistern
23. Drainage system
Drainage system is provided for
Drainage water used for wash & sanitary
purposes
Rain water disposal
In sanitary system different appliances are
used like
Soil appliances like water closets urinals &
Bidet
Waste appliances like wash basin & sink
Soil appliances contains night soil
Waste appliance contains waste water
24. Types of drainage systems
Combined system
Totally separate system
Partially separate system
25. Night soil & waste water is called Sewage.
sewage pipe containing sewage is called
drain when it is in the owner boundary.
beyond thin it is connected with a large pipe
provided by WASA (Water & Sanitation
Authority) called Sewer.
26. Man Holes
For inspection & clean in chambers
are provided at
1. Junctions
2. Change in direction
3. Change in grade
When depth is up to 900 mm
Inspection & cleaning chamber is
called Man hole
27. Sanitary fitting & fixture
Sanitary fittings are provided for user to use the
facility & fixture are provided with the fitting to make
then in working condition
1. Fitting
2. Wash hand bars
3. water closet
4. Bidet
5. Sinks
Fixtures
1. Traps
2. Bends
28. Gas system
Gas system provides natural gas to gas appliances
like
1. Geysers
2. Cooking ranges
3. Gas burners
Gas become highly explosive when mixed with air
so gas system must be free from leakage
Temperature change may lead to condensation in
main pipe so a slight slope is provide to avid
accumulation of water to block the pipe
A gas meter & control cocks are provided.
29. Electrical system
Electrical system is require for
several purposes like
1. Lighting
2. Heating
3. Electrical appliance
30. Types of Electrical system
Electrical supply system is of two
type
1. 240 volts system
2. 110 volts system
31. Electrical system
Electrical system is divided in a series of circuits like
1. Light circuit
2. Heating circuit
3. Power circuit
The whole system must be earth by connect the
electrical system special conductor & passer into
ground
for high rise building a lightning conductor is
provided
Circuits are isolated by mean of fuse and switcher
are provided to control the supply
32. Type of Electrical Wiring
Electrical wiring is provided either on
1. Wooden battens (old system)
2. PVC pipes
3. Metal tubes (conduit)
PVC pipes & metal tube can either be
provided on the surface or in groves made
before plasters in residential buildings
under ground system is common &
esthetically good
In industrial buildings metal tubes are
provided on surface.
33. Telephone system
It is a specialist services.
Operated at a relatively low voltage
Its wring should be separated from
electrical supply system.