The document describes various services commonly found in residential and commercial buildings. It discusses water supply systems including cold water and hot water. The cold water system can be direct, with water flowing directly from main pipes, or indirect, with water stored in an overhead tank first. Hot water systems are also direct or indirect. Other services covered include drainage, gas, electricity, telephone, and internet. Pipes and wires used for different services are outlined, along with typical valves, joints, and other components.

1. SERVICES

2. What are services ?
 Services are the facilities for a building.
Following are the common services for a
residential and commercial building
1. Water supply system
2. Sanitary system
3. Gas supply system
4. Drainage system
5. Electricity supply system
6. Telephone facility
7. Internet facility

3. Services Groups
 Services system consists of
arrangement of pipes or wires with in
or on to surface of the primary
elements of building
 Services in a building can be broadly
classify in to two groups
1. Those which require pipes
2. Those which require wires

4. Pipe services materials
 Pipe material can be of following types
1. Lead
2. Copper
3. Stainless steel
4. Mild steel
5. Cast Iron (CI) (BS 78, BS 437 and BS 4622)
6. Vitrified clay (BS 65)
7. Concrete
8. pitch fiber (BS 2760)
9. Asbestos cement (AC)
10. galvanized iron (GI)
11. Plastic PVC (BS 3506 ,4660)

5. Wired service material
 wired material is know as conductor
through which electricity can flow
easily and the conductor covering
material is called insulator
 Copper is the most common material
for conductor
 PVC is the most suitable material as
insulator

6. Water supply system
 Cold water system
 Hot water system

7. Cold water system
 Cold water system provide water for
the following purposes.
1. Drinking purpose
2. Cooking purpose
3. Sanitary purpose
4. Washing purpose
5. Gardening

8. Types of Cold water system
 Cold water system is of two types
1. Direct system
2. Indirect system
 Water is drawn from main service pie of WASA
(water & sanitary Authority).
 Different valves are used like
 Stop valve (connect or isolate the W/S from main
service)
 Drain cock (connect or isolate the inter W/S system
of building

9. Direct system
 In this system main service pipe
pressure is considered as constant
and in the system water is directly
distributed in the building through
smaller diameter Pipes but for hot
water system water provide for
storage by a rising main into a storage
cistern OHR as show in fig
 lesser pipe lengths are required.

10. Direct
System

11. Indirect system
 In the system water is first feed to water cistern or OHR
 In this system water is distributed in the building by mean of pipes of
different sizes. The size of pipes depend on the
1. Quality of water
2. Length of pipe
3. Water pressure available
 more pipe lengths are required in this system.
 Air pocket must be avoided as they could lead to air lock
 water supply is controlled at various points by mean of valves or
stopcocks like ..
 Ball valve ( To control the level of water in OHR
 Gate valve ( To isolate or shutoff supply to various parts of system)
 Reflux or no return valve (It is used to maintain one directional
flow in pipes.
 Pillar taps (to provide user control)

12. Indirect
system

13. Hot water system
 Hot water system provide hot water for
1. Bathing
2. Space heating
3. Washing
 Source of heat
1. Boiler
2. Electrical heat
3. Geyser

14. Types of Hot water system
 Hot water system is of two types
1. Direct
2. Indirect

15. Types of Hot water system
 Direct system
 in this system hot water circulates b/w Boiler
and OHR water rain off as required
 Indirect system
 in the system water circulates b/w boiler &
storage but does not mixed with it.
 An expansion pipe is provided its allow
discharge extra water in cold water cistern

16. Direct
system

17. Indirect
system

18. Cold water system layout

19. Cold water system (Direct)

20. Cold water system (Indirect)

21. Cold water cistern

22. Valves

23. Drainage system
 Drainage system is provided for
 Drainage water used for wash & sanitary
purposes
 Rain water disposal
 In sanitary system different appliances are
used like
 Soil appliances like water closets urinals &
Bidet
 Waste appliances like wash basin & sink
 Soil appliances contains night soil
 Waste appliance contains waste water

24. Types of drainage systems
 Combined system
 Totally separate system
 Partially separate system

25.  Night soil & waste water is called Sewage.
 sewage pipe containing sewage is called
drain when it is in the owner boundary.
beyond thin it is connected with a large pipe
provided by WASA (Water & Sanitation
Authority) called Sewer.

26. Man Holes
 For inspection & clean in chambers
are provided at
1. Junctions
2. Change in direction
3. Change in grade
 When depth is up to 900 mm
Inspection & cleaning chamber is
called Man hole

27. Sanitary fitting & fixture
 Sanitary fittings are provided for user to use the
facility & fixture are provided with the fitting to make
then in working condition
1. Fitting
2. Wash hand bars
3. water closet
4. Bidet
5. Sinks
 Fixtures
1. Traps
2. Bends

28. Gas system
 Gas system provides natural gas to gas appliances
like
1. Geysers
2. Cooking ranges
3. Gas burners
 Gas become highly explosive when mixed with air
so gas system must be free from leakage
 Temperature change may lead to condensation in
main pipe so a slight slope is provide to avid
accumulation of water to block the pipe
 A gas meter & control cocks are provided.

29. Electrical system
 Electrical system is require for
several purposes like
1. Lighting
2. Heating
3. Electrical appliance

30. Types of Electrical system
 Electrical supply system is of two
type
1. 240 volts system
2. 110 volts system

31. Electrical system
 Electrical system is divided in a series of circuits like
1. Light circuit
2. Heating circuit
3. Power circuit
 The whole system must be earth by connect the
electrical system special conductor & passer into
ground
 for high rise building a lightning conductor is
provided
 Circuits are isolated by mean of fuse and switcher
are provided to control the supply

32. Type of Electrical Wiring
 Electrical wiring is provided either on
1. Wooden battens (old system)
2. PVC pipes
3. Metal tubes (conduit)
 PVC pipes & metal tube can either be
provided on the surface or in groves made
before plasters in residential buildings
under ground system is common &
esthetically good
 In industrial buildings metal tubes are
provided on surface.

33. Telephone system
 It is a specialist services.
 Operated at a relatively low voltage
 Its wring should be separated from
electrical supply system.

34. Flat Roof
Drainage

35. Sloppy
Roof
Drainage

38. Surface
water
drainage

39. Inspection chamber

40. Inspection chamber

42. Drainage
Systems

43. Valves & joints

44. Pipe Joints