The document discusses the New Covenant as referenced in Hebrews 8:7-13. It provides context by summarizing the major covenants in the Bible, such as the Noahic, Abrahamic, Mosaic, and Davidic covenants. It notes that the longest Old Testament quotation in the New Testament comes from Jeremiah 31:31-34 regarding the New Covenant. This quotation from Jeremiah plays a vital role in Hebrews' discussion of Christ's superior high priestly offering.

1. The New Covenant
Heb 8:7-13

2. The quotation of Jer. 31:31-34, the longest OT
quotation in the NT, plays a vital role in the book’s
discourse on Christ’s superior high-priestly offering
(8:3-10:18), laying the groundwork for the climax
of the book’s christological exposition.
Beale & Carson, Commentary on the NT use of the OT, 970

3. “Covenant”
– pact, pledge, alliance, agreement, promise
Wording – to “cut a covenant” (cf. Gen 15)
• Visual demonstration incurring sobriety for the
significance of the agreement reached & sealed
• Meant to ensure fulfillment of agreement, by
consenting (generally mutually) to the death of
the one who breaks covenant

4. Covenants

5. (Adamic) Noahic Abrahamic Mosaic Davidic New
Gen 1-2 Gen 9 Gen 12 Exo 19-24 2 Sam 7 Jer 31:33-34
Gen 13
Hos 6:7 Gen 15 Deut 26-28 Ezek 36:23-36
Gen 17
Gen 22
Conditional: Unconditional: Unconditional: Conditional: Unconditional: Unconditional:
(w/o God’s Exclusive Forgiveness
immediate devotion and Regeneration
Obedience to presence) (Circumcision) absolute Holy Spirit
one command obedience to Restoration
Provision: YHWH
Seasonal
Provision & stability Great Name Provision & Great Name Provision &
protection Great Nation protection Eternal Rest protection
enjoying God’s Protection: A Seed enjoying God’s Eternal House enjoying God’s
presence in No more A Land presence in Eternal Throne unlimited
Paradise universal flood A Blessing Canaan Eternal Kingdom presence

6. Creation Fall Redemption Consummation
4000 BC? 4000 BC – 2300 BC 2300 BC – 2000 BC 2000 BC – 1500 BC 1500 BC – 33 AD 33 AD – ?? 1000 yrs + Eternity!
Rest of OT
Genesis
(& Gospels)
Pentateuch
(Revelation Signals Redemption)
[Mosaic Cov.]
Law
Davidic Covenant
Promise Abrahamic Covenant
Human Gov’t Noahic Covenant
Conscience
Innocence Individuals Family Clan Nation

7. Mosaic Covenant
Initiated in Exo 24:3-8, & confirmed with blood
• The people themselves are sprinkled with “the
blood of the covenant”

8. Covenant Renewals
• Exo 34:10 (Moses – 1st generation, after golden calf)
• Deut 29:1(Moses – 2nd generation, after wild. wand.)
• Josh 24 (Joshua – 2nd generation, after initial conq.)
• 1 Sam 12 (Samuel – upon the institution of the king)
• 2 Chron 29-31 (Hezekiah – roughly 725 BC)
• 2 Kgs 22-23 (Josiah – roughly 625 BC)
• Neh 8-9 (upon returning to the land after captivity)

9. Creation Fall Redemption Consummation
4000 BC? 4000 BC – 2300 BC 2300 BC – 2000 BC 2000 BC – 1500 BC 1500 BC – 33 AD 33 AD – ?? 1000 yrs + Eternity!
Rest of OT
Genesis
(& Gospels)
Pentateuch Grace New Covenant
(Revelation Signals Redemption)
[Mosaic Cov.]
Law
Davidic Covenant
Promise Abrahamic Covenant
Human Gov’t Noahic Covenant
Conscience
Innocence Individuals Family Clan Nation World

10. Covenant Renewals
• Exo 34:10 (Moses – 1st generation)
• Deut 29:1(Moses – 2nd generation)
• Josh 24 (Joshua – 2nd generation)
• 1 Sam 12 (Samuel – institution of king)
• 2 Chron 29-31 (Hezekiah – 725 BC)
• 2 Kgs 22-23 (Josiah – 625 BC)
– Jeremiah “New” Covenant
– Also, Ezek 34, 36-37 & Isa 40-55
– Jeremiah’s New Covenant most familiar b/c directly
quoted twice in Hebrews (8:9-13 / 10:15-18)

11. Creation Fall Redemption Consummation
4000 BC? 4000 BC – 2300 BC 2300 BC – 2000 BC 2000 BC – 1500 BC 1500 BC – 33 AD 33 AD – ?? 1000 yrs + Eternity!
Rest of OT New
Genesis Testament
Kingdom
(& Gospels)
Pentateuch Grace New Covenant
(Revelation Signals Redemption)
[Mosaic Cov.]
Law
Davidic Covenant
Promise Abrahamic Covenant
Human Gov’t Noahic Covenant
Conscience
Innocence Individuals Family Clan Nation World Cosmos

12. Creation Fall Redemption Consummation
4000 BC? 4000 BC – 2300 BC 2300 BC – 2000 BC 2000 BC – 1500 BC 1500 BC – 33 AD 33 AD – ?? 1000 yrs + Eternity!
Rest of OT New
Genesis Testament
Kingdom
(& Gospels)
Pentateuch Grace New Covenant
(Revelation Signals Redemption)
[Mosaic Cov.]
Law
Davidic Covenant
Promise Abrahamic Covenant
Human Gov’t Noahic Covenant
Conscience
Innocence Individuals Family Clan Nation World Cosmos

13. So, where does the “New” Covenant fit?

14. Creation Fall Redemption Consummation
Text: Bible Height of Conflict: Reversal:
Jesus, the Messiah Jesus, the Messiah
Perfect cov’t leadership rejected Perfect cov’t leadership confirmed
– Crucifixion – Resurrection
Conflict Intensifies:
Resolution Begins:
God enters into covenant w/ His people
([Noah], Abraham, Moses, Levi [Phinehas], David) The Church
(New Covenant initiated)
God establishes leadership for His people – God’s heavenly people on earth
(Prophets, Priests, Judges, Kings)
Driving Conflict:
Rejection of covenant by ldrship – Exile/Restoration
(New Covenant promised) Conflict Unravels:
God’s Glory in
Salvation through The Millennium – Messiah reigns
Conflict Builds: Judgment (New Covenant realized / Curse removed)
Personal Degradation – Cain, Lamech – God on earth w/ His people
(James Hamilton)
Universal Judgment – Flood, Babel
Convergence of Abr., David., & New Cov’ts
Setting: Occasioning Event: Conflict Resolved: Outcome:
Fall – Man rejects God’s – God’s Glory in Re-Creation of
God’s Glory in Creation
righteous rule and God’s Glory in Judgment New Heavens/New Earth
of
violates God’s Glory – Heavens & Earth destroyed – God’s right. rule established
Heavens & Earth
over New Cov’t Community
Creation cursed
in New Creation

15. Creation Fall Redemption Consummation

16. Different word than used in
Eschatological significance –
used 3 times in Jer 31 context
Heb 8:8-12 LXX in Jer 31 – “to bring to
completion/fulfillment”
"Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will establish a new
covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah,
9 not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took
them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt. For they did not
continue in my covenant, and so I showed no concern for them, declares
the Lord.
10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those
1
days, declares the Lord: I will put my laws into their minds, and write
2
them on their hearts, and I will be their God, and they shall be my
people.
11 And they shall not teach, each one his neighbor and each one his brother,
saying, 'Know the Lord,' 3 they shall all know me, from the least of them
for
to the greatest.
4
12 For I will be merciful toward their iniquities, and I will remember their
sins no more."

17. What was wrong with the Old Cov’t?
• With it, God found “fault” – v. 8
– possessing defect
– blameworthy
– cf. 7:19 – “the Law made nothing perfect”
• In establishing a “new” covenant, God made
the first one “obsolete” – v. 13
– to make old/antiquated
– outmoded, outdated
– useless

18. Without the Temple, there was no altar, no Holy
of Holies. There could therefore be no sacrifices
and no ministering priesthood. And without a
priesthood and its sacrifices, there could be no
Old Covenant. It was finished. . . The destruction
of the Temple completed the closing of the Old
Covenant – by removing the place of sacrifice that
no longer served a purpose. The age of the
Mosaic law and the Levitical priests was over.
The age of the Son was come forever.
– MacArthur

19. But isn’t the New Cov’t for Israel?
• Convergence of all the covenants
– Adamic
– Noahic
– Abrahamic
– Mosaic
– Davidic

20. (Adamic) Noahic Abrahamic Mosaic Davidic New
Gen 1-2 Gen 9 Gen 12 Exo 19-24 2 Sam 7 Jer 31:33-34
Gen 13
Hos 6:7 Gen 15 Deut 26-28 Ezek 36:23-36
Gen 17
Gen 22
Conditional: Unconditional: Unconditional: Conditional: Unconditional: Unconditional:
Forgiveness
Regeneration
Holy Spirit
A Seed Restoration
Exclusive
Provision & Earthly stability A Blessing devotion and
protection & blessing absolute Provision &
enjoying God’s obedience to Eternal Rest protection
presence on To become a YHWH Eternal House enjoying God’s
Earth blessing . . . Eternal Throne unlimited
to all nations Eternal Kingdom presence

21. NT Uses of “New Covenant”
• Luk 22:20
Last Supper
• 1 Cor 11:25
• 2 Cor 3:6 Us as participants!
• Heb 8:8
• Heb 9:15 Jesus as Mediator
• Heb 12:24

22. The Connection of the Covenant & the Blood
• Heb 9:12 – purchases an eternal redemption
• Heb 9:14 – provides an internal regeneration
• Heb 10:19-20 – opens a “new & living way”
• Heb 10:29 – “the blood of the covenant” is what is
“spurned” when the new covenant is rejected
• Heb 12:24 – “speaks” to one who is accepted
• Heb 13:12 – shed “outside the camp” for those within
• Heb 13:20 – “the blood of the eternal covenant” (!)

23. The New Covenant . . .
Replacing all that comes before . . .
It anticipates all that is yet to come.
And it’s ours . . .
today!
(And forever!)