1-1-Intoduction_to_OOP.pptx

Introduction to object
oriented programming
Chapter -1
Computer applications - Lorven public school, Chandapura

Introduction
 A computer program is a collection of instructions that can be executed by a
computer to perform a specific task.
 A computer program is usually written by a computer programmer in a
programming language.
 Programming language is a computer language that is understood by the
computer.
 Program has a all the steps to perform some work/task.

Example for a program: preparing mango
milk shake
 Step 1: wash the mango.
 Step 2: cut the mango.
 Step 3: remove the mango pulp.
 Step 4: add mango pulp, milk and sugar to blender
 Step 5: blend it
 Step 6: pour it to a glass.

Computer languages
 Low level language
 This is a binary language
 Only this language is understood by computer machine.
 High level language
 This is used by programmers to write programs.
 POP –procedure oriented programming
 OOP- object oriented programming

What is POP?
 POP is procedure oriented programming.
 In procedural programming, program is divided into small parts called functions.
 Procedural programming follows top down approach.
 Procedural programming does not have any proper way for hiding data so it is less
secure.
 In procedural programming, function is more important than data.
 Examples: C, FORTRAN, Pascal, Basic etc.

example
DATA
Function 1
f2
f3
f4
MAIN PROGRAM

What is OOP?
 OOP is Object oriented programming.
 Its a programming approach based on objects and classes.
 A class is an entity that determines how an object will behave and what the object
will contain. In other words, it is a blueprint or a set of instruction to build a specific
type of object.
 Objects contain data in the form of attributes and code in the form of methods.
 In object oriented programming, data is more important than function.
 Examples: C++, Java, Python, C# etc.

classes and objects.
Class Object

Features of OOP
 It gives importance to data
 Programs are divided into objects
 Objects are used as bridge to have communication from function to another.
 Concept of data hiding enhances the security
 It is highly beneficial to solve complex programs.

 Class example
 {
 Int a,b;
 Void calculate();
 Void input();
 Void display();}
O1 – a=3 and b=5
O2 - a=5 and b=9
O2.Calculate ()
{
O1.display()
}

Differences between POP and OOP
POP OOP
Gives importance to Procedure Gives importance to Data
Programs are divided into functions Programs are divided into objects
Follows top-down approach Follows bottom-up approach
Data is insecure Data is secured
Example: FORTRAN, C Example: C++,JAVA

Object-Oriented Concepts
 Objects: It is considered as a variable of type class and an instance of a class.it is a
real word entity. which exists. That we can see.
 Example: car, tree, mobile
 Class: it is a blueprint of an object. It is a set of objects of similar type. A is the data
type for objects. It shows wat object has and how it behaves. It is called an object
factory.
 Example: animal class. If animal is a class then dog, cat, cow etc.. Can be the objects of it.

Abstraction
 Abstraction is nothing but a method of hiding background details and representing
essential features.
 It is an act of presenting only essential features.
 Example: coffee machine. We see only dispensing buttons of coffee machine but
we do not see is how coffee is prepared inside. All the process is hidden.
 ATM machine:
 Reading card details
 Verifying PIN
 Checking the account balance.
 Counting the cash

Encapsulation
 The encapsulation is a method of packing the data and functions into a single unit.
 data can only be accessed by methods thus making the private fields and their
implementation hidden for outside classes. That’s why encapsulation is known
as data hiding.

Example of encapsulation
 Coffee machine
 When we press button , machine grinds coffee beans into powder, heats some
water and pours it into coffee powder and then coffee decoction is ready to which it
adds milk.
 But all these steps are encapsulated together to make coffee when a sing button is
pressed.
 Here, coffee beans, water, milk are data that we don’t see directly.

Inheritance
 Inheritance is a technique of acquiring features of objects from one class to the
other class objects. In other words, it helps in deriving a new class from the
existing one.
 Example : animal class. It can have variable called colour and method called
sound().
 If there is another class called Bird, even it may need to have same method
because even birds have sound.
 So bird class can use method of animal class by inheritance.
 The class that gets inherited is called base class, super class or parent class.
 The class that inherits base class is known as derived class, sub class or child
class.

example
 Inheritance is transitive.
 It means that all the attributes and behaviours of base class can be passed down
from parent class to child class.

Polymorphism
 Polymorphism means taking many forms. Poly= many and morph=form
 It is the ability of a function to take multipole forms.
 Polymorphism provides a method of creating multiple forms of a function by using
a single function name.
 It is a mechanism by you can send same message to different objects and each
object can respond in a different way based on its class

Quick Revision
 POP
 OOP
 Classes
 Objects
 Principles of oops
 Abstraction
 Encapsulation
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism

References
 Watch the video below
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esflI8fDlRo
 For class work click link below
 https://www.happycompiler.com/oop/
 https://www.knowledgeboat.com/learn/class-9-icse-understanding-computer-
applications-bluej/solutions/lkjyx/object-oriented-programming-principles

1-1-Intoduction_to_OOP.pptx

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