The document analyzes whether fluctuations in Barbados' crime rate are transitory or permanent. It uses a model selection framework to analyze Barbados crime rate data from 1970-2006. Some key findings are that Barbados has a relatively low crime rate by world standards, though crime rates have been perceived as increasing. The analysis finds that Barbados' crime rate series follows a trend-stationary process, meaning fluctuations are transitory rather than permanent, and the crime rate should return to its natural rate in the long run.
The National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP) documented 21 LGBTQ intimate partner
violence homicides in 2013, matching the highest number ever recorded in 2012. Gay men made up the
majority of homicide victims at 76.2%. NCAVP programs received 2,697 reports of intimate partner
violence in 2013, a slight increase over 2012. People of color and LGBTQ youth continued to experience
the most severe forms of intimate partner violence. Gay and lesbian survivors remained the largest
groups seeking help, though bisexual survivors, transgender communities and LGBTQ people of color
faced disproportionate risks. The data underscores the deadly impact of intimate partner violence and
the ongoing need for
Victim assistance in Ohio is provided primarily at the county level through victim witness assistance units. Efforts to assist victims vary between counties and include outreach through letters, community presentations, and partnerships with police. However, the number of victims served is inconsistent between counties. While most units wish to help more victims, challenges include limited resources. There is no single ideal model of victim assistance that can be applied to all counties. Recommendations to improve services include increased funding, a statewide evaluation system, and a task force to develop strategies to assist more victims of crime in Ohio.
Presentation given at UKMW12, the Museums Computer Group's Museums on the Web
'Strategically Digital' conference, Wellcome Collection, London, November 30, 2012
Current state of augmented reality and introduction of case with the worldEtsuji Kameyama
It is presentation material that brings the current state of Augmented Reality and the introduction of the case with the world together. I think that even only the photograph and figure are good enough though this material is Japanese.
Augmented Reality の現状と世界の事例紹介をまとめたプレゼンテーション資料です。この資料は日本語ですが、写真や図だけでも十分ためになると思います。
Crime is considered as a serious issue. It makes people worried on their own safety especially when the crime rate is increasing. The study generated the trend analysis and forecasted data of the recorded crimes in Ozamiz City using autoregressive integrated moving average through the GRTEL software. Results showed that majority of the crimes recorded decreased from 2018 to 2021. These include crimes against person, crimes against property, crimes against personal liberty and security and violations against special laws particularly the comprehensive dangerous drugs Act of 2002. However, the violators who resisted persons in authority drastically increased. On the other hand, forecasted data revealed that most of the crimes will most likely increase in occurrence in the year 2022 and will be stabilized in the remaining years. The data gathered from this study can be used by the different law enforcement agencies in planning and creating intervention strategies towards mitigating the occurrence of crimes in Ozamiz City.
This thesis examines various variable selection methods for predicting crime rates using a 1990 US crime database. The author applies stepwise selection, lasso, elastic net, principal component regression, best random subset selection, and regression trees to select predictive variables and compare model performance. Variables consistently associated with crime rates include measures of employment, urbanization, income, poverty, ethnicity, and family structure. The best random subset selection method produced the highest out-of-sample R^2 and an unbiased assessment of model fit when applied to test data, performing better than other methods like lasso and elastic net. Predicting crime is difficult but variable selection techniques help identify important predictive factors and evaluate model performance.
The document analyzes how broadband penetration rates affect the GDP of different countries and regions around the world. Regression models were used to examine the relationship between broadband penetration, GDP per capita, and other factors like population density, balance of payments, and unemployment rates. The results found that broadband penetration generally had a significant positive relationship with GDP across most locations. Asia and Europe models found broadband was highly significant, while Africa and South America models were weaker with no single significant factors. Combining all countries, broadband, population density, and balance of payments were found to be significant in explaining GDP variation. In conclusion, broadband penetration appears to be an important driver of economic growth worldwide.
The National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP) documented 21 LGBTQ intimate partner
violence homicides in 2013, matching the highest number ever recorded in 2012. Gay men made up the
majority of homicide victims at 76.2%. NCAVP programs received 2,697 reports of intimate partner
violence in 2013, a slight increase over 2012. People of color and LGBTQ youth continued to experience
the most severe forms of intimate partner violence. Gay and lesbian survivors remained the largest
groups seeking help, though bisexual survivors, transgender communities and LGBTQ people of color
faced disproportionate risks. The data underscores the deadly impact of intimate partner violence and
the ongoing need for
Victim assistance in Ohio is provided primarily at the county level through victim witness assistance units. Efforts to assist victims vary between counties and include outreach through letters, community presentations, and partnerships with police. However, the number of victims served is inconsistent between counties. While most units wish to help more victims, challenges include limited resources. There is no single ideal model of victim assistance that can be applied to all counties. Recommendations to improve services include increased funding, a statewide evaluation system, and a task force to develop strategies to assist more victims of crime in Ohio.
Presentation given at UKMW12, the Museums Computer Group's Museums on the Web
'Strategically Digital' conference, Wellcome Collection, London, November 30, 2012
Current state of augmented reality and introduction of case with the worldEtsuji Kameyama
It is presentation material that brings the current state of Augmented Reality and the introduction of the case with the world together. I think that even only the photograph and figure are good enough though this material is Japanese.
Augmented Reality の現状と世界の事例紹介をまとめたプレゼンテーション資料です。この資料は日本語ですが、写真や図だけでも十分ためになると思います。
Crime is considered as a serious issue. It makes people worried on their own safety especially when the crime rate is increasing. The study generated the trend analysis and forecasted data of the recorded crimes in Ozamiz City using autoregressive integrated moving average through the GRTEL software. Results showed that majority of the crimes recorded decreased from 2018 to 2021. These include crimes against person, crimes against property, crimes against personal liberty and security and violations against special laws particularly the comprehensive dangerous drugs Act of 2002. However, the violators who resisted persons in authority drastically increased. On the other hand, forecasted data revealed that most of the crimes will most likely increase in occurrence in the year 2022 and will be stabilized in the remaining years. The data gathered from this study can be used by the different law enforcement agencies in planning and creating intervention strategies towards mitigating the occurrence of crimes in Ozamiz City.
This thesis examines various variable selection methods for predicting crime rates using a 1990 US crime database. The author applies stepwise selection, lasso, elastic net, principal component regression, best random subset selection, and regression trees to select predictive variables and compare model performance. Variables consistently associated with crime rates include measures of employment, urbanization, income, poverty, ethnicity, and family structure. The best random subset selection method produced the highest out-of-sample R^2 and an unbiased assessment of model fit when applied to test data, performing better than other methods like lasso and elastic net. Predicting crime is difficult but variable selection techniques help identify important predictive factors and evaluate model performance.
The document analyzes how broadband penetration rates affect the GDP of different countries and regions around the world. Regression models were used to examine the relationship between broadband penetration, GDP per capita, and other factors like population density, balance of payments, and unemployment rates. The results found that broadband penetration generally had a significant positive relationship with GDP across most locations. Asia and Europe models found broadband was highly significant, while Africa and South America models were weaker with no single significant factors. Combining all countries, broadband, population density, and balance of payments were found to be significant in explaining GDP variation. In conclusion, broadband penetration appears to be an important driver of economic growth worldwide.
The document provides an overview of urban flooding in major cities in Nigeria, focusing on Lagos. It summarizes that flooding is a major annual problem across Nigerian cities but impacts are poorly documented. In Lagos, economic losses from flooding are estimated at $4 billion annually, while losses in Ibadan are estimated at $105.3 million annually. The principal risk factors for flooding are uncontrolled urban growth, inadequate drainage systems, solid waste issues, and weak institutional capacity. Information on flooding impacts is limited but it is clear the effects disproportionately impact women and the poor.
This document analyzes factors that influence crime rates in Bolivia. It uses statistical and econometric models on data from 1990-2008 from the National Statistics Institute to analyze the relationship between crime rates and various socioeconomic variables. The results show:
1) Socioeconomic factors like low socioeconomic status, education, and employment do not have a direct effect on violent crime.
2) Demographic factors like population density and population ages 15-29 influence robbery but not homicide.
3) None of the dimensions studied had a statistically significant effect on homicide.
The document concludes by proposing programs to reduce crime rates by addressing socioeconomic factors.
1. The document analyzes crime rate data in Bolivia from 1990 to 2008. It aims to determine the socioeconomic factors that influence crime rates using statistical and econometric analysis.
2. The analysis finds that unemployment rate and education level have a statistically significant negative effect on crime rates, while auto part sales and drug seizures have a positive effect. Population density also increases robbery rates but not homicide rates.
3. The study concludes that socioeconomic variables like poverty, education and employment do not have a direct impact on violent crime in Bolivia. It proposes encouraging social programs to reduce crime rates.
Urbanization is a widespread occurrence across the nation. Urbanism has been affecting the rise in urban crime as a result of societal perception. According to empirical data, crime has risen in metropolitan areas. The study issue is dependent on the specific types of crime that occur in urban settings. | Publisher: International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
Analysis of the Factors Affecting Violent Crime Rates in the USDr. Amarjeet Singh
The goal of this study is to analyze the factors affecting violent crime rates in the US. It is hypothesized that an increase in the gun ownership rate tends to increase violent crimes in the US. It is hypothesized that urban areas in the US tend to have more violent crimes than rural areas. An OLS regression model is formulated using cross-sectional data set across 50 states and the District of Columbia for the year 2019. The endogenous variable is the violent crime rates per 100,000 inhabitants across 50 states and the District of Columbia. The independent variables used in the OLS regression model are population density per square mile, unemployment rate, percentage of the population living in poverty, and gun ownership rate. The four exogenous variables that are found to be statistically significant are gun ownership, unemployment rate, population density per square mile, and percentage of population living in property. An attempt is also made to formulate strategies that would help in reducing violent crime rates in the US.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study administered questionnaires to over 1,600 residents across low, medium, and high residential areas. Six indices were developed to measure perceptions on various environmental effects. Results showed residents strongly agreed that waste from the enterprises makes areas dirty and litters streets. Noise, odors from waste, and shops blocking drainage were also issues. Correlation analysis found the physical, behavioral, environmental, land use, and economic characteristics of the enterprises all impacted the environment. The paper recommends policies and legislation for better waste management to promote more sustainable cities.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. A survey of over 1,600 residents found that the highest levels of agreement were with the statements that informal enterprise waste makes the environment dirty (average rating of 4.14) and litters the streets (4.12). Residents also perceived that the enterprises generate high noise levels (3.85) and deface the environment (3.90). The results indicate various environmental issues related to waste management and aesthetics. The document recommends policies and legislation to promote proper waste management from the informal sector and sustainability in Nigerian cities.
Predictive analysis WHO's life expectancy dataset using Tableau data visualis...Tarun Swarup
This document discusses a statistical analysis of factors influencing life expectancy using data from the World Health Organization and United Nations. It describes the dataset, variables considered, and objectives of analyzing relationships between life expectancy and factors like immunization rates, mortality rates, economics, and demographics. Four dashboards are proposed to analyze trends in adult mortality rates, compare life expectancy and infant death rates in populated countries, forecast adult mortality and hepatitis rates in Brazil, and compare GDP in developed and developing countries.
Analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016 lancet 2017Luis Sales
This document summarizes the findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, which assessed prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries from 1990 to 2016 for 195 countries. Some key findings were:
1) Low back pain, migraine, hearing loss, iron-deficiency anemia, and major depressive disorder were the top five causes of years lived with disability globally in 2016.
2) Age-standardized rates of years lived with disability decreased by 2.7% between 1990 and 2016, but the number of years lived with disability from non-communicable diseases has risen due to population growth and aging.
3) Years lived with disability rates were 10.4% higher
Tourism and Climate Change: Issues, Trends and SolutionsAnna Pollock
1) The document discusses how tourism both contributes to and is impacted by climate change. It provides data on the economic impact and carbon emissions of tourism in the Pacific Northwest region.
2) It notes that while efficiency has increased, air travel emissions and total aviation emissions continue to rise rapidly due to the growth in air travel. This increased air travel represents a larger portion of overall rising carbon emissions.
3) The document argues that tourism must play a role in reducing its carbon footprint through sustainable strategies that lower impacts and increase value to prepare for a low carbon economy. Regional collaboration is needed to jointly solve this issue.
Monitoring the impact of the economic crisis on crime final-1UN Global Pulse
Executive summary of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) research: “Monitoring the Impact of the Economic Crisis on Crime,” conducted as part of UN Global Pulse’s Rapid Impact and Vulnerability Assessment Fund (RIVAF). For more information: http://www.unglobalpulse.org/projects/rapid-impact-and-vulnerability-analysis-fund-rivaf
COVID-19 data configuration and statistical analysisAnshJAIN50
This document analyzes factors that influence the spread of COVID-19 in different countries. It compares the total cases and deaths in 3 more economically developed countries (MEDCs) - Italy, Japan, China - and 3 less economically developed countries (LEDCs) - Israel, India, Indonesia. By modeling the data with different functions, the author finds that a Verhulst function best represents the data, predicting a plateau. Analysis of total tests and positive cases shows Japan having the highest continued spread. Considering population density helps explain differences in case numbers between countries like Italy and China. The document evaluates how factors like population density, healthcare quality, and testing rates impact the spread of COVID-19 in different nations.
Kevin Byrne's Paracoords Using GeoDa Offered as a Software Workshop, 2008, Pa...J. Kevin Byrne
This is part of a workshop prepared for WorldComp’08 titled “Why and How GeoDa Software Works as a Powerful and Intuitive Method for Geovisualizing Demographic Data” held in Las Vegas, Nevada in July 2008. Funded by fellowship from the Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science, University of California, Santa Barbara.
http://www.world-academy-of-science.org/worldcomp08/ws/tutorials/tutorial_byrne
J. Kevin Byrne is a Professor in the Science Baccalaureate Program in Visualization + Creative Management and Adjunct Professor, Sustainable Design Program, Minneapolis College of Art and Design, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA.
http://kevinbyrne.info
Z. Moghal, Ext Abstract (CC Vuln Ass of Barbados Tourism Sector, 2015)Zainab Moghal, PhD
This dissertation examines climate change vulnerability in the tourism destination community of Oistins, Barbados through a case study. It employs both an indicator approach and community-based vulnerability assessment to understand vulnerability across different scales. The results show that recent non-climate stressors have had a greater impact than climate factors so far. Vulnerability is highest for small business owners with low adaptive capacity. While local adaptation can help with current issues, long-term changes from climate change require support from national and international stakeholders. The study contributes new understanding of tourism vulnerability assessment in small island developing states across community, national and sector scales.
KNOW YOUR GAME seminar examines the complexities of a buyers market and offers tips, tools and tricks to overcome these and SCORE with sales. In particular, KNOW YOUR GAME, focuses on the demographic and economic environments effecting the real estate industry.
This document analyzes the economic impact of preventing domestic violence homicide in Greater Newburyport, Massachusetts. It begins with an introduction and literature review of previous studies that have attempted to calculate the economic costs of homicide. The methods, results, discussion, and conclusion sections then describe the author's analysis of estimating the savings from preventing one domestic violence homicide in Greater Newburyport. The analysis adjusts an existing homicide cost estimate for variables like the victim's age, sex, and local wages. It also includes costs for behavioral healthcare for family/friends of the victim. The results provide cost savings estimates ranging from $24.67 to $28.63 million depending on the victim's profile. The document is intended to provide data for an
WASH Related Mortality Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa. By Dale Whittington.Global Water Partnership
This document summarizes trends in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related mortality in sub-Saharan Africa from 1950 to 2050. It finds that childhood mortality rates have declined across many world regions, including in sub-Saharan Africa. However, WASH-related mortality rates and deaths still remain high in many sub-Saharan African countries and are projected to decline only moderately by 2050 without accelerated interventions and policy changes to improve access to water and sanitation. The document models and compares projections of WASH-related mortality rates and deaths across country groupings in sub-Saharan Africa.
The document analyzes burglary crime data from England between 2010-2021 to determine if burglaries occur more in affluent or deprived areas, and if the trend is increasing, decreasing, or stable. The analysis found that most burglaries occurred in non-affluent areas, though the decline in burglaries was slower in affluent and deprived areas. Association rule mining showed affluence and high deprivation were most associated with burglaries. Overall, burglaries were found to be decreasing nationwide, with the decline slower in affluent and deprived areas. The findings support targeting affluent areas with premium insurance and deprived areas with lower-cost policies.
The Factors which Influence National Crime_5ATal Fisher
This document discusses several factors that influence national crime rates. It summarizes several studies that examined the relationship between crime and macroeconomic conditions, minimum school dropout ages, and immigration. One study found that higher inflation, lower manufacturing employment, and rising stock market returns were correlated with higher property crime rates. Another study found that higher minimum dropout ages reduced juvenile arrest rates by 9.7-11.5% for 16-17 year olds. A third study evaluated the influence of immigration on crime in urban areas between 1990-2000.
Crime Data Analysis and Prediction for city of Los AngelesHeta Parekh
This document analyzes crime data from Los Angeles from 2010-2020 to identify trends, predict future crime rates, and make recommendations to law enforcement. Key findings include:
- Crime rates have generally declined over the past decade but dropped significantly in 2020 due to the pandemic.
- Robbery, burglary, and vandalism are the most common crimes.
- Areas with lower median household incomes tend to have higher crime rates.
- Females are consistently the most impacted victims of crime over the past 10 years.
- Southwest LA and other areas have been identified as "hot spots" for criminal activity.
Predictive analysis indicates crime rates will continue increasing post-lockdown in
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
The document provides an overview of urban flooding in major cities in Nigeria, focusing on Lagos. It summarizes that flooding is a major annual problem across Nigerian cities but impacts are poorly documented. In Lagos, economic losses from flooding are estimated at $4 billion annually, while losses in Ibadan are estimated at $105.3 million annually. The principal risk factors for flooding are uncontrolled urban growth, inadequate drainage systems, solid waste issues, and weak institutional capacity. Information on flooding impacts is limited but it is clear the effects disproportionately impact women and the poor.
This document analyzes factors that influence crime rates in Bolivia. It uses statistical and econometric models on data from 1990-2008 from the National Statistics Institute to analyze the relationship between crime rates and various socioeconomic variables. The results show:
1) Socioeconomic factors like low socioeconomic status, education, and employment do not have a direct effect on violent crime.
2) Demographic factors like population density and population ages 15-29 influence robbery but not homicide.
3) None of the dimensions studied had a statistically significant effect on homicide.
The document concludes by proposing programs to reduce crime rates by addressing socioeconomic factors.
1. The document analyzes crime rate data in Bolivia from 1990 to 2008. It aims to determine the socioeconomic factors that influence crime rates using statistical and econometric analysis.
2. The analysis finds that unemployment rate and education level have a statistically significant negative effect on crime rates, while auto part sales and drug seizures have a positive effect. Population density also increases robbery rates but not homicide rates.
3. The study concludes that socioeconomic variables like poverty, education and employment do not have a direct impact on violent crime in Bolivia. It proposes encouraging social programs to reduce crime rates.
Urbanization is a widespread occurrence across the nation. Urbanism has been affecting the rise in urban crime as a result of societal perception. According to empirical data, crime has risen in metropolitan areas. The study issue is dependent on the specific types of crime that occur in urban settings. | Publisher: International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
Analysis of the Factors Affecting Violent Crime Rates in the USDr. Amarjeet Singh
The goal of this study is to analyze the factors affecting violent crime rates in the US. It is hypothesized that an increase in the gun ownership rate tends to increase violent crimes in the US. It is hypothesized that urban areas in the US tend to have more violent crimes than rural areas. An OLS regression model is formulated using cross-sectional data set across 50 states and the District of Columbia for the year 2019. The endogenous variable is the violent crime rates per 100,000 inhabitants across 50 states and the District of Columbia. The independent variables used in the OLS regression model are population density per square mile, unemployment rate, percentage of the population living in poverty, and gun ownership rate. The four exogenous variables that are found to be statistically significant are gun ownership, unemployment rate, population density per square mile, and percentage of population living in property. An attempt is also made to formulate strategies that would help in reducing violent crime rates in the US.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study administered questionnaires to over 1,600 residents across low, medium, and high residential areas. Six indices were developed to measure perceptions on various environmental effects. Results showed residents strongly agreed that waste from the enterprises makes areas dirty and litters streets. Noise, odors from waste, and shops blocking drainage were also issues. Correlation analysis found the physical, behavioral, environmental, land use, and economic characteristics of the enterprises all impacted the environment. The paper recommends policies and legislation for better waste management to promote more sustainable cities.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. A survey of over 1,600 residents found that the highest levels of agreement were with the statements that informal enterprise waste makes the environment dirty (average rating of 4.14) and litters the streets (4.12). Residents also perceived that the enterprises generate high noise levels (3.85) and deface the environment (3.90). The results indicate various environmental issues related to waste management and aesthetics. The document recommends policies and legislation to promote proper waste management from the informal sector and sustainability in Nigerian cities.
Predictive analysis WHO's life expectancy dataset using Tableau data visualis...Tarun Swarup
This document discusses a statistical analysis of factors influencing life expectancy using data from the World Health Organization and United Nations. It describes the dataset, variables considered, and objectives of analyzing relationships between life expectancy and factors like immunization rates, mortality rates, economics, and demographics. Four dashboards are proposed to analyze trends in adult mortality rates, compare life expectancy and infant death rates in populated countries, forecast adult mortality and hepatitis rates in Brazil, and compare GDP in developed and developing countries.
Analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016 lancet 2017Luis Sales
This document summarizes the findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, which assessed prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries from 1990 to 2016 for 195 countries. Some key findings were:
1) Low back pain, migraine, hearing loss, iron-deficiency anemia, and major depressive disorder were the top five causes of years lived with disability globally in 2016.
2) Age-standardized rates of years lived with disability decreased by 2.7% between 1990 and 2016, but the number of years lived with disability from non-communicable diseases has risen due to population growth and aging.
3) Years lived with disability rates were 10.4% higher
Tourism and Climate Change: Issues, Trends and SolutionsAnna Pollock
1) The document discusses how tourism both contributes to and is impacted by climate change. It provides data on the economic impact and carbon emissions of tourism in the Pacific Northwest region.
2) It notes that while efficiency has increased, air travel emissions and total aviation emissions continue to rise rapidly due to the growth in air travel. This increased air travel represents a larger portion of overall rising carbon emissions.
3) The document argues that tourism must play a role in reducing its carbon footprint through sustainable strategies that lower impacts and increase value to prepare for a low carbon economy. Regional collaboration is needed to jointly solve this issue.
Monitoring the impact of the economic crisis on crime final-1UN Global Pulse
Executive summary of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) research: “Monitoring the Impact of the Economic Crisis on Crime,” conducted as part of UN Global Pulse’s Rapid Impact and Vulnerability Assessment Fund (RIVAF). For more information: http://www.unglobalpulse.org/projects/rapid-impact-and-vulnerability-analysis-fund-rivaf
COVID-19 data configuration and statistical analysisAnshJAIN50
This document analyzes factors that influence the spread of COVID-19 in different countries. It compares the total cases and deaths in 3 more economically developed countries (MEDCs) - Italy, Japan, China - and 3 less economically developed countries (LEDCs) - Israel, India, Indonesia. By modeling the data with different functions, the author finds that a Verhulst function best represents the data, predicting a plateau. Analysis of total tests and positive cases shows Japan having the highest continued spread. Considering population density helps explain differences in case numbers between countries like Italy and China. The document evaluates how factors like population density, healthcare quality, and testing rates impact the spread of COVID-19 in different nations.
Kevin Byrne's Paracoords Using GeoDa Offered as a Software Workshop, 2008, Pa...J. Kevin Byrne
This is part of a workshop prepared for WorldComp’08 titled “Why and How GeoDa Software Works as a Powerful and Intuitive Method for Geovisualizing Demographic Data” held in Las Vegas, Nevada in July 2008. Funded by fellowship from the Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science, University of California, Santa Barbara.
http://www.world-academy-of-science.org/worldcomp08/ws/tutorials/tutorial_byrne
J. Kevin Byrne is a Professor in the Science Baccalaureate Program in Visualization + Creative Management and Adjunct Professor, Sustainable Design Program, Minneapolis College of Art and Design, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA.
http://kevinbyrne.info
Z. Moghal, Ext Abstract (CC Vuln Ass of Barbados Tourism Sector, 2015)Zainab Moghal, PhD
This dissertation examines climate change vulnerability in the tourism destination community of Oistins, Barbados through a case study. It employs both an indicator approach and community-based vulnerability assessment to understand vulnerability across different scales. The results show that recent non-climate stressors have had a greater impact than climate factors so far. Vulnerability is highest for small business owners with low adaptive capacity. While local adaptation can help with current issues, long-term changes from climate change require support from national and international stakeholders. The study contributes new understanding of tourism vulnerability assessment in small island developing states across community, national and sector scales.
KNOW YOUR GAME seminar examines the complexities of a buyers market and offers tips, tools and tricks to overcome these and SCORE with sales. In particular, KNOW YOUR GAME, focuses on the demographic and economic environments effecting the real estate industry.
This document analyzes the economic impact of preventing domestic violence homicide in Greater Newburyport, Massachusetts. It begins with an introduction and literature review of previous studies that have attempted to calculate the economic costs of homicide. The methods, results, discussion, and conclusion sections then describe the author's analysis of estimating the savings from preventing one domestic violence homicide in Greater Newburyport. The analysis adjusts an existing homicide cost estimate for variables like the victim's age, sex, and local wages. It also includes costs for behavioral healthcare for family/friends of the victim. The results provide cost savings estimates ranging from $24.67 to $28.63 million depending on the victim's profile. The document is intended to provide data for an
WASH Related Mortality Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa. By Dale Whittington.Global Water Partnership
This document summarizes trends in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related mortality in sub-Saharan Africa from 1950 to 2050. It finds that childhood mortality rates have declined across many world regions, including in sub-Saharan Africa. However, WASH-related mortality rates and deaths still remain high in many sub-Saharan African countries and are projected to decline only moderately by 2050 without accelerated interventions and policy changes to improve access to water and sanitation. The document models and compares projections of WASH-related mortality rates and deaths across country groupings in sub-Saharan Africa.
The document analyzes burglary crime data from England between 2010-2021 to determine if burglaries occur more in affluent or deprived areas, and if the trend is increasing, decreasing, or stable. The analysis found that most burglaries occurred in non-affluent areas, though the decline in burglaries was slower in affluent and deprived areas. Association rule mining showed affluence and high deprivation were most associated with burglaries. Overall, burglaries were found to be decreasing nationwide, with the decline slower in affluent and deprived areas. The findings support targeting affluent areas with premium insurance and deprived areas with lower-cost policies.
The Factors which Influence National Crime_5ATal Fisher
This document discusses several factors that influence national crime rates. It summarizes several studies that examined the relationship between crime and macroeconomic conditions, minimum school dropout ages, and immigration. One study found that higher inflation, lower manufacturing employment, and rising stock market returns were correlated with higher property crime rates. Another study found that higher minimum dropout ages reduced juvenile arrest rates by 9.7-11.5% for 16-17 year olds. A third study evaluated the influence of immigration on crime in urban areas between 1990-2000.
Crime Data Analysis and Prediction for city of Los AngelesHeta Parekh
This document analyzes crime data from Los Angeles from 2010-2020 to identify trends, predict future crime rates, and make recommendations to law enforcement. Key findings include:
- Crime rates have generally declined over the past decade but dropped significantly in 2020 due to the pandemic.
- Robbery, burglary, and vandalism are the most common crimes.
- Areas with lower median household incomes tend to have higher crime rates.
- Females are consistently the most impacted victims of crime over the past 10 years.
- Southwest LA and other areas have been identified as "hot spots" for criminal activity.
Predictive analysis indicates crime rates will continue increasing post-lockdown in
Similar to 11.are barbados crime rate fluctuations transitory or permanent (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
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11.are barbados crime rate fluctuations transitory or permanent
1. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.3, No.3, 2012
Are Barbados Crime Rate Fluctuations Transitory or
Permanent?
Nlandu Mamingi
University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 64, Bridgetown
BB11000, Barbados, W.I.
Email: nmamingi@justice.com
Abstract
Using a model selection framework, this exploratory paper attempts to answer the fundamental question of
whether Barbados crime rate fluctuations are transitory or permanent. Although not clear-cut, Barbados
crime rate series follows a trend-stationary process. It means that in Barbados an unexpected change in the
crime rate should not substantially alter one’s forecast of the latter in the long run. Put differently, in the
long run the crime rate in Barbados should return to its natural rate.
Keywords: crime, model selection, structural break, stationarity, Barbados.
1. Introduction
Nowadays, crime has become a plague in many societies. For sure, crime at large is present in every society
although at various rates. Crime is a nuisance for the affected societies or parties to the extent that it is
generally associated with costs that usually reflect economic loss1, health distress or loss and social distress.
These losses or distresses justify to a great extent any study on crime.
This study examines the time series properties of the crime rate in Barbados for the period 1970-2006. The
research question of interest is the following: are Barbados crime rate fluctuations transitory or permanent?
That is, are the crime rate fluctuations in Barbados characterized by a deterministic trend or a stochastic
trend?
To repeat, the study does neither develop a theory of crimes nor target the determinants of crimes.
Definitely, it is not about crime policy. Rather, it is about extracting some information from the univariate
time series called crime rate.
A regression model selection framework is the methodological tool used to answer the research question.
Indeed, contrary to the bulk of authors dealing with the same concern, this paper relies on model selection
rather than on formal unit root tests to deal with the research question. In addition, a particular attention is
given to the issue of “break” in the crime rate series as any significant break in the series, if not taken into
account, can be a source of non-stationarity/stationarity.
Barbados is a small Caribbean island with a population of about 275,000 in the year 2006 and a population
density of about 646 persons per square kilometer making it a very densely populated country. Barbados
stands good in terms of its overall economic and social achievements. This has been substantiated over the
years by the high human development rank constantly occupied by the country in the context of the UN
Human Development Index (HDI). Tourism has the leading position in this notable development. In the
period 1970-2006, tourist arrivals increased by 259.7%. Barbados is also known as a country with a “low
“crime rate by the world standard2”. According to the statistics of Interpol (2004), Barbados had a murder
rate of 7.47 per 100,000 persons compared to 1.10 for Japan and 5.5 for the USA in 2000. The rape rate
1
In 1996 Freeman estimated “that the cost of crime in the United States may have been around 4 percent of gross
domestic product in the early 1990s.” (Becsi, 1999, 41).
2
“Low” with respect to the world standard may not necessarily be so with respect to a given nation’s standard. That
is how low is “low’ may reveal to be very relative.
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stood at 25.38 compared to 4.08 for Japan and 32.05 for the USA. The overall crime rate (per 100,000
persons) was 2,364.94 compared to 1,709.88 for Japan and 4,123.97 for the USA. In recent years, the crime
rate in Barbados has been decreasing. For example, in the period 2002-2006, the total crimes decreased by
22% and the property crimes by 31%.
The study is important for at least two reasons. First, Barbados as a case study is interesting in its own
right. Indeed, while Barbados remains by the world standard a low crime spot there is a perception of
change in the trend of crime confirming the adage that one can’t rest on his laurels. Second, the
examination of the research question has a far reaching effect on the forecast of the future crime rate in
Barbados. To recall, under a deterministic trend, a shock to crime rate innovation will exhibit a trend
reversion, will have a temporary effect on crime rate, will not change the long-term forecasts of crime rate
and will be characterized by a bounded forecast error variance. In plain English, a trend-stationary crime
rate means that the crime rates in different decades are not connected except via the deterministic trend. In
other words, in the long run the country’s crime rate should return to its natural rate (see, in another
context, Campbell & Mankiw 1987, 857). On the contrary, under a stochastic trend, a shock to crime rate
innovation will have an ever lasting effect (permanent or persistent) on crime rate, will alter the long-term
forecasts of crime rate and will be characterized by unbounded forecast errors (see, among others, Stewart
2005, 746-754; Newbold et al. 2000, 108-109). That is, under a difference-stationary process, actual crime
rate largely reflect past crime rate.
At the methodological level, this study builds on the work by Campbell & Mankiw (1987) as well as
Newbold et al. (2000). The two groups of authors emphasized model selection of ARIMA processes in
dealing with the issue of trend stationarity versus trend randomness in the univariate series such as output
and real agricultural produce prices. In terms of crime literature, I acknowledge among others the work by
Sridharan et al. (2003) who used an intervention analysis through a structural time series to deal with the
impact of event (intervention) on the evolution of crime rate as well as Sookram et al. (2010) who exploited
time-series data from Trinidad and Tobago to test for a long-run relationship among different variables
including serious crime.
The study makes the following contributions to the literature on crime. First, although quite a number of
studies have dealt with the issue of crime in the Caribbean (e.g., Allen & Boxill 2003; Harriott 2002 and
2003; King 2003; Fost & Bennet 1998), only a handful has focused on crime in Barbados (Yeboah 2002;
Warner & Greenidge 2001; de Albuquerque & McElroy 1999; and a series of survey reports from the
National Task force on Crime Prevention in Barbados including Nuttall et al. 2003). This is a useful add-
on to the Barbadian case. Second, this is one of the few studies which squarely focus on a univariate crime
rate series; most studies have a multivariate focus. Third, this is also a rare study on crime which pays
particular attention to the existence of break(s) in the crime rate series, break which usually affects the
nature of the trend in a time series.
The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 deals with the basic statistical information derived from the
data. Section 3 develops the methodological tool to answer the research question as well as deals with the
estimation results and their interpretations. Section 4 contains concluding remarks.
2. Data: Primary Statistical Information
What useful statistical information can one extract from a casual observation of the data? To answer this
question, I resort to graphs and summary statistics. Before proceeding, some explanations are warranted for
the derivation of yearly resident equivalent of tourist population (long stay and cruise). To this end, I use
the popular methodology exploited among others by de Albuquerque & McElroy (1997, 975-976). The
resident equivalent of tourist population (RPOP) is given by
(Long stay x average length of stay + cruise x 1)
RPOP =
365
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Vol.3, No.3, 2012
The converted tourist population added to local population gives rise to total population. The latter statistic
helps derive the number of crimes per 100,000 individuals, also known as the crime rate.
Table 1: Basic Statistics for Barbados: Crime and Population,1970-2006
GCR CR TPOP POP RPOP
Mean 9001.351 3248.100 274732.7 266119.7 8613.002
Median 8769.000 3074.568 276078.0 266994.0 9043.388
Maximum 13047.00 4569.023 305195.7 292930.0 12644.77
Minimum 5868.000 2299.623 241241.4 238752.0 2489.439
Std. Dev. 2178.514 628.6722 20267.26 17977.11 2642.856
Skewness 0.209902 0.546083 -0.033104 -0.013191 -0.458332
Kurtosis 1.859732 2.419189 1.622614 1.516674 2.487067
Jarque-Bera 2.276190 2.359013 2.931594 3.393136 1.701037
Probability 0.320429 0.307430 0.230894 0.183312 0.427193
Source: Annual Statistical Digest, Central Bank of Barbados, 2006, 2001; Economic and Financial
Statistics, Central Bank of Barbados, August 2007; Royal Barbados Police Force and IMF database.
Note: GCR: total crimes: crimes against the person+ crimes against the property+ other crimes including
drug crimes; CR: crime rate or total crimes per 100,000 persons; POP stands for local population; RPOP is
yearly resident equivalent of tourist (long stay and cruise) population; TPO stands for the sum of local and
tourist population.
Table 1 contains the summary statistics of crime and population variables. It reveals that the average yearly
population in the period 1970-2006 was of 274,733 persons, the total average yearly crime stood at 9,001
and the average yearly crime rate (per 100,000 persons) reached 3,248. That is, 1 crime has been on
average committed against every 31 persons. Total crime and crime rate peaked in 1993 with 13,047
crimes and 4,569 crimes, respectively. The year with the least crimes was 1978 with 5,868 and 2,299 for
total crime and crime rate, respectively. Each variable in the table seems to be normally distributed
according to the Jarque Bera (JB) test statistic. However, this conclusion is to be taken with caution as the
JB statistic, which is asymptotically distributed as a chi-squared, does not perform well in finite samples.
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Fig1 deals with the evolution of Barbados crime rate (CR). A casual observation indicates that the series
does not wander forever as the mean of the series (3,248 crimes) is crossed twice. The series also seems to
be characterized by one major break which occurs in 1993. Overall, Fig. 1 seems to reveal the presence of
a broken trend.
Fig.1.: Crime Rates in Barbados, 1970-2006
4,800
4,400
4,000
3,600
3,200
2,800
2,400
2,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Of particular interest is the stationarity property of the series. To recall, in its simple form a stationary
process is a mean reverting process. Stationarity is a significant concept for at least three reasons. First,
most test statistics have been derived under the assumption of stationarity. Second, the lack of stationarity
of a time series can give rise to nonsense results (e.g., nonsense or spurious regressions). Third, according
to the Wold’s theorem any stationary process can be decomposed into a deterministic component and a
moving average of possibly infinite order (see Mamingi 2005, 160).
3. In Search of Trend-Stationarity and Difference-Stationarity.
The research question of interest is whether Barbados crime rate series can be characterized as a trend-
stationary process or a difference-stationary process. Although in such a case, most authors will rely
exclusively on tests for unit root/stationary tests to decide on the nature of the trend, I favour a pure model
selection which focuses on the comparison of the two competing models in terms of inference on the
parameters of interest. Indeed, as Newbold et al. (2000, 109-110) point out this approach is better than the
unit root tests framework as the power of unit root tests with small or moderate sample sizes is low and also
as in the context of unit root tests, any unit root model can always be approximated by a stationary model
and vice versa.
Since the presence of a structural break or outlier can alter the nature of the trend, I introduce in the
analysis the major break captured in Fig.1. At the outset, although the practice of considering the date of
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the break as known as in Perron (1989) has been severely criticized (see, for example, Christiano 1992;
Zivot & Andrews 1992), I still use the decried approach since not using such an important prior may reveal
suboptimal. That said, the 1993 break is introduced as follows:
Dt = 1 if t = Tb + 1, 0 otherwise
TDt = 1 if t > Tb , 0 otherwise
DTt = t − Tb if t > Tb , 0 otherwise
DLt = t if t > Tb , 0 otherwise
where Tb is the 1993 break, 1 < Tb < T .
Thus, the following models are of interest for the unit root hypothesis:
CRt = c + d1 Dt + CRt −1 + ut (1)
CRt = a + d 2 TDt + CRt −1 + ut (2)
CRt = a + d1 Dt + d 2 TDt + CRt −1 + ut (3)
where CR stands for crime rate, u t ~ ARMA( p, q) and other variables are defined as above.
In addition, the following models are appropriate for the stationary hypothesis:
CRt = a + d 2 TDt + δ1trend + ut ( 4)
CRt = c + d3 DTt + δ1trend + ut (5)
CRt = a + d 2 TDt + d 4 DLt + δ1trend + ut (6)
where u t ~ ARMA( p, q) . δ 2 CRt −1 with | δ 2 | < 1 can be added to the above equations.
To recall, Eq. (1) and Eq. (4) deal with change in the level and change in the intercept (a + d 2 ) ,
respectively; Eq. (2) and Eq. (5) are concerned with change in the drift and change in the slope (d 3 + δ 1 ) ,
respectively and Eq. (3) and Eq. (6) include both corresponding changes.
Table 2 reports the results of Eq. (3), the best model of he batch (1) –(3). The results indicate that the 1993
break affects the level and the slope. Barbados crime rate series follows a non-stationary process since the
coefficient of the lagged crime rate is 1.05.
Table 3: The Non-Stationary Model with Break: Model (3) Results.
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Dependent Variable: CRt
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C -45.34882 134.4499 -0.337292 0.7382
Dt -357.5189 117.0841 -3.053521 0.0046
DTt -202.8967 39.80813 -5.096866 0.0000
CRt-1 1.048465 0.042440 24.70478 0.0000
MA(3) -0.965857 0.027655 -34.92522 0.0000
R-squared 0.928323 Mean dependent var 3267.891
Adjusted R-squared 0.919074 S.D. dependent var 625.7915
S.E. of regression 178.0220 Akaike info criterion 13.32994
Sum squared resid 982447.0 Schwarz criterion 13.54987
Log likelihood -234.9389 F-statistic 100.3735
Durbin-Watson stat 2.232735 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000
Note: variables are defined as in the text.
Table 3 presents the results of Eq. (6), the best model in the batch (4)-(6). As can be seen, the coefficients
of the break are statistically significantly negative. The break affects both level and slope (growth rate). In
addition, the coefficient of the trend is statistically significantly positive. The trend-stationary model is also
a valid model. Note that adding the lagged crime rate to the model provides inferior results.
Since both models are equally valid I recourse to the model selection criteria to choose the better of the
two. As pointed above, the criteria of interest are the AIC and the SIC. According to these criteria, the
trend-stationary model with change in level and slope dominates the corresponding competing non-
stationary model. Indeed, the AIC value for the trend-stationary model is smaller than that of the non-
stationary model and so is the SIC.
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Table 3: The Trend-Stationary Model with Level and Slope Changes:
Model (6) Results.
Dependent Variable: CRt
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 1078.830 381.2191 2.829947 0.0082
TDt -343.2794 123.5957 -2.777439 0.0094
DLt -212.7086 30.61809 -6.947155 0.0000
TREND 137.1902 19.47534 7.044304 0.0000
AR(1) 0.705514 0.125765 5.609792 0.0000
MA(3) -0.970862 0.024900 -38.99039 0.0000
R-squared 0.944571 Mean dependent var 3267.891
Adjusted R-squared 0.935333 S.D. dependent var 625.7915
S.E. of regression 159.1365 Akaike info criterion 13.12841
Sum squared resid 759732.5 Schwarz criterion 13.39233
Log likelihood -230.3114 F-statistic 102.2475
Durbin-Watson stat 2.060538 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000
Note: variables are defined as in the text.
5. Conclusion
The objective of this exploratory study is to answer the question of whether the crime rate fluctuations in
Barbados can be characterized as transitory or permanent. The study uses a model selection framework as
the tool to discriminate between the two competing models. In addition, the study takes into account the
break effect.
The results of the investigation indicate that the two competing models are close enough. Nevertheless,
overall a slight edge is given to the trend-stationary model by virtue of the size of its SIC/AIC. That is, the
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study concludes that Barbados crime rate fluctuations are transitory. As implication, a shock to Barbados
crime rate fluctuations will not last forever; in the long run the crime rate will return to its natural rate.
The paper can be revisited in several directions. First, the issue of the number of breaks in the crime rate
series needs a more thorough analysis. Second, although not sure whether it will substantially alter the
results found here, a break of unknown date can be used. Third, a fractional integration framework can also
be of interest.
References
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Becsi, Z. (1999), “Economics and Crime in the States”, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review,
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Campbell, Y.J., & Mankiw, N.G. (1987), “Are Output Fluctuations Transitory?” Quarterly Journal of
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Christiano, L.J. (1992), “Searching for a Break in GNP”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 10,
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De Albuquerque, K., & McElroy, J.L. (1999), “Tourism and Crime in the Caribbean”, Annals of Tourism
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Harriott, A. (ed.) (2003), Understanding Crime in Jamaica: New Challenges for Public Policy, Kingston:
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Harriott, A. (2002), Crime Trends in the Caribbean and Response, Kingston: UWI Press/ UN Office of
Drugs and Crime.
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Mamingi, N. (2005), Theoretical and Empirical Exercises, Kingston: UWI Press.
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Newbold, P., Rayner, T., & Kellard, N. (2000), “Long-run Drift, Co-movement and Persistence in Real
Wheat and Maize Prices”, Journal of Agricultural Economics 51,106-121.
Nuttall, C., Eversley, D., Rudder, I., & Ramsay, J. (2003), The Barbados Crime Survey 2002: Crime in
Barbados in 2001, National Task Force on Crime Prevention, Barbados.
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Sookram, S., Basdeo, M., Sumesar-Rai, K. & Saridakis, G.(2010), “Serious Crime in Trinidad and Tobago:
An Empirical Analysis Using Time-Series Data between 1970-2007”, Journal of Eastern Caribbean
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Sridhahan, S., Vujic, S., & Koopman, J.S. (2003), “Intervention Time Series Analysis of Crime Rates”.
Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers Ti, 2003-04014.
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Yeboah, A. D. (2002), “Crime and its Solutions in Barbados”, Journal of Criminal
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Zivot, E., & Andrews, W.K.D. (1992), “Further Evidence on the Grand Crash Price Shock and the Unit
Root Hypothesis”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 10, 251-270.
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Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy JETP@iiste.org
Information and Knowledge Management IKM@iiste.org
Control Theory and Informatics CTI@iiste.org
Journal of Information Engineering and Applications JIEA@iiste.org
Industrial Engineering Letters IEL@iiste.org
Network and Complex Systems NCS@iiste.org
Environment, Civil, Materials Sciences PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Environment and Earth Science JEES@iiste.org
Civil and Environmental Research CER@iiste.org
Journal of Natural Sciences Research JNSR@iiste.org
Civil and Environmental Research CER@iiste.org
Life Science, Food and Medical Sciences PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Natural Sciences Research JNSR@iiste.org
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare JBAH@iiste.org
Food Science and Quality Management FSQM@iiste.org
Chemistry and Materials Research CMR@iiste.org
Education, and other Social Sciences PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Education and Practice JEP@iiste.org
Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization JLPG@iiste.org Global knowledge sharing:
New Media and Mass Communication NMMC@iiste.org EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy JETP@iiste.org Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP
Historical Research Letter HRL@iiste.org Open Archives Harvester, Bielefeld
Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Public Policy and Administration Research PPAR@iiste.org Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate,
International Affairs and Global Strategy IAGS@iiste.org OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial Library ,
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences RHSS@iiste.org NewJour, Google Scholar.
Developing Country Studies DCS@iiste.org IISTE is member of CrossRef. All journals
Arts and Design Studies ADS@iiste.org have high IC Impact Factor Values (ICV).