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знаки препинания граник бондаренко_часть 1_1995
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- 15. g_k_Mf_gb_ijbf_gylvbgkljmdpbxgZijZdlbd_ijboh^bllhevdh [eZ]h^Zjyl j _ g b j h d _ [eZ]h^ZjyihklhyggufmijZ`g_gbyf BlZdagZgb_ijZbeZ²khklZe_gb_bgkljmdpbbih_]hijbf_g_gbx ²lj_gbjhdZhklZlhqghebk_]hwlh]hqlh[u©]jZfhlghklvijbjhkeZd dhgqbdmi_jZªhklZlhqghGhlhevdh lh]^Z dh]^Z jZkklZey_rv agZdb ij_ibgZgby ]hlhhf l_dkl_ gZijbf_j mijZ`g_gbb ba mq_[gbdZ : _keb kha^Z_rv khc l_dkl ² khqbg_gb_ibkvfh^g_gbdLh]^ZagZdbij_ibgZgbyjh`^Zxlkyl_dkl_ f_kl_khkehZfb ©Ij_^qmklb_ªagZdZij_ibgZgby =jZfhlgu_ex^bqZklh]hhjylhqmkl_yaudZ[eZ]h^Zjydhlhjhfm jmdZdZd[ukZfZkh[hcklZblgm`gucagZdgZgm`ghff_kl_QlhwlhaZ qmklh B g_evay eb jZablv k_[_ wlm kihkh[ghklv ©qmklhZlvª beb ^Z`_©ij_^qmklhZlvªihklZghdmagZdZIhijh[m_fjZah[jZlvkywlhf Mf_gb_ ©qmklhZlvª agZd ij_`^_ k_]h kyaZgh kh kihkh[ghklvx i j _ ^ m ] Z ^ u Z l v l _ d k l Wlh h^bg ba kZfuo [hevrbo k_dj_lh ]jZfhlgh]hibkvfZZZcl_jZkkfhljbfihih^jh[g__wlmkihkh[ghklv IhgbfZgb_ qm`hc j_qb b kha^Zgb_ kh[kl_gghc kyaZgh k m^bbl_evghc q_eh_q_kdhc kihkh[ghklvx ^ey h[hagZq_gby dhlhjhc kha^Zg p_euc jy^ keh ij_^b^_gb_ ij_^hkobs_gb_ ij_^m]Z^uZgb_ ij_^qmklb_ mij_`^_gb_ ijh]ghabjhZgb_ LZd qblZy ij_^eh`_gb_ dhlhjh_ gZqbgZ_lky k l_ fu ij_^m]Z^uZ_f qlh kdhjh ihke_^m_l dhlhju_ MkeurZ kehZ ^ey lh]h fu ij_^b^bf qlh[u Fgh]h qbke_ggu_ l_ ^ey lh]h lZf ]^_ b l ^ ^Zxl gZf hafh`ghklv ij_^hkobsZlvdZdhclhkl_i_gbbfukevbbglhgZpbxbujZ`Zxsmx wlm fukev kbglZdkbq_kdmx dhgkljmdpbx b ke_^hZl_evgh agZdb ij_ibgZgbyLZdihkehZf:odZdhcfh`gh[_ahrb[hqghij_^m]Z^Zlv ij_^eh`_gb_ k hkdebpZl_evghc bglhgZpb_c b aZjZg__ gmlj_gg_ gZkljhblvkygZihklZghdmhkdebpZl_evgh]hagZdZdhgp_ij_^eh`_gby ^jm]bo kemqZyo fh`gh ih ^Zgguf kehZf [_ahrb[hqgh ij_^kdZaZlv dhgdj_lguckfuke_s_g_aZibkZgguoGZijbf_jghy[j_uiZei_juc imrbklucBebKZfZybgl_j_kgZyhkh[_gghklvg_rg_]hb^Z`bjZnZ ²wlh_]h^ebggZy 13
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- 27. Lhl ij_^kdZauZ_l dhlhjuc KehZ lbiZ ih^gy beb jZa]ey^uZy kb]gZebabjmxl h gZqZe_ ^__ijbqZklgh]h h[hjhlZ LZdb_ kehZ dZd mjhgbrbc b]jZxsbc himkdZ_fuc h[_sZxl ijbqZklguc h[hjhl ?kebq_eh_dgZmqbekymagZZlvwlbkb]gZeuh[s_fj_q_hfihlhd_ ©qblZlvªbodZdhohlgbdqblZ_lke_^ugZkg_]mlhhgm`_fh`_lg_ijhklh b^_lv[ehdbghbij_^b^_lvboij_^qmklhZlv =jZfhlghklvgZ©dhgqbd_i_jZª Dh]^Z mf_gb_ ij_^qmklhZlv [ehdb b m^_j`bZlv bo iZfylb ujZ[ZluZ_lkykdeZ^uZ_lkygZ^_`gZyhkghZlhc]jZfhlghklbdhlhjZy ©ijbjhkeZddhgqbdmi_jZª ZZcl_ihijh[m_fkhbkbeuij_^m]Z^uZgbbK_cqZkuijhql_l_ g_kdhevdhhljudhij_^eh`_gbcIhijh[mcl_kdZaZlvhdZ`^hfbagbo kZfhfh[s_f ko_fZlbq_kdhf b^_ dZdh kfuke ^Zevg_cr_]h l_dklZ b dZdmxkbglZdkbq_kdmxdhgkljmdpbxwlhl kfuke [m^_l ©h^_lª JZ[hlZy k ijbf_jZfb u kgZqZeZ ihklZjZcl_kv k^_eZlv k_ hafh`gh_ kZfhklhyl_evghZihlhfijh_jvl_k_[yihgZrbfhl_lZf ;_a ohjhr_]h eZ^_gby jh^guf yaudhf gb h^bg ba gZk g_ fh`_l ^bgmlv i_j_^ gb gZ rZ] gb Fh`gh h`b^Zlv qlh ^Zevr_ [m^ml i_j_qbke_gul_h[eZklb`bagbdhlhju_g_evay^bgmlvi_j_^[_aagZgby jh^gh]h yaudZ Ke_^hZl_evgh fh`gh ij_^m]Z^Zlv h^ghjh^gu_ qe_gu ij_^eh`_gby k ihlhjyxsbfky khxahf gb f_`^m dhlhjufb ^he`gZ klZblvkyaZiylZy _cklbl_evghij_^eh`_gb_dhgqZ_lkylZdgbgZmdmgbl_ogbdmgb bkdmkklh Dhkfh]hgby wlh _jhylgh ^Zevr_ [m^_l ^Zgh hij_^_e_gb_ dhkfh]hgbbIhb^bfhfmwlhfij_^eh`_gbbih^e_`Zs__bkdZam_fh_ ujZ`_gu kms_klbl_evgufb bf_gbl_evghf iZ^_`_ Z ]eZ]hekyadZ hlkmlklm_lI_j_^wlh^he`ghklhylvlbj_ 18
- 28. _cklbl_evgh k_ ij_^eh`_gb_ u]ey^bl lZd Dhkfh]hgby ² wlh gZmdZhijhbkoh`^_gbbbjZablbbg_[_kguol_e G_[_kgZyf_oZgbdZdhlhjmxA^_kv_jhylghihc^_lj_qv hlhf qlhdlhlhk^_eZejZablbbwlhcgZmdbWlh[m^_lkeh`gh_ij_^eh`_gb_ dhlhjhf h^gh ijhklh_ jZkiheh`_gh gmljb ^jm]h]h GZ^h ihklZblv aZiylmxi_j_^dhlhjmxb^hdhgpZwlh]h[ehdZihfgblvhg_h[oh^bfhklb lhjhcaZiylhc _cklbl_evgh wlh ij_^eh`_gb_ u]ey^bl lZd G_[_kgZy f_oZgbdZ dhlhjmx kha^Zeb D_ie_j b Gvxlhg bamqZ_l aZdhgu jZs_gby g_[_kguo l_e BlZd fu ihagZdhfbeb Zk k Z`g_crbf k_dj_lhf ]jZfhlghklb ² ij_^m]Z^uZgb_f Gh u m`_ agZ_l_ qlh ij_^m]Z^uZlv g_^hklZlhqgh GZ^h mf_lv aZihfgblv m]Z^Zgguc [ehd ^h l_o ihj ihdZ hg g_ [m^_l ©aZdjulª gm`guf agZdhf M h^gbo ex^_c wlh aZihfbgZgb_ ijhbkoh^bl kZfhkh[hc^jm]bf^Z_lkyljm^g__ Fh`ghebjZablvk_[_kihkh[ghklvaZihfbgZlvB_kebfh`ghlh dZd Qlh[u gZclb hl_lu gZ wlb hijhku mq_gu_ bamqZeb b kjZgbZeb jZ[hlmrdhevgbdhmf_xsbobg_mf_xsbom^_j`bZlviZfylbl_dkl hl qlh hgb h[gZjm`beb Ij_^eh`_gb_ hklZ_lky iZfylb m l_o dlh ©b^blª_]hWlh^hydh_b^_gb_hi_juoykgh_q_ldh_ij_^klZe_gb_ kljmdlmju ij_^eh`_gby l_ khklZeyxsbo _]h [ehdh bo qbkeZ b aZbfgh]h jZkiheh`_gby h^gbf kehhf ©b^_gb_ª ko_fu ij_^eh`_gby hlhjuoij_^klZe_gb_lh]hqlhhibkZghij_^eh`_gbbb^_`bhc dZjlbgu beb jy^Z `buo dZjlbg GZijbf_j ij_^eh`_gb_ DZrlZgdZ ihpZjZiZeZ ^_jv gZe_]eZ gZ g__ ]jm^vx b lhlqZk `_ ihqmklhZeZ kljZgguc ih^hajbl_evguc aZiZo aZihfbgZxl l_ dlh k h^ghc klhjhgu kjZam ©b^blª qlh wlh ijhklh_ jZkijhkljZg_ggh_ ij_^eh`_gb_ k h^ghjh^gufbqe_gZfbZk^jm]hcklhjhguij_^klZey_lk_[_g_[hevrmx ju`mxkh[ZdmgZe_]Zxsmx]jm^vxgZ^_jvkeurbllbob_pZjZiZxsb_ amdbaZf_qZ_ldZdgZklhjh`beZkvDZrlZgdZhlih^hajbl_evgh]haZiZoZ Mf_gb_©b^_lvªl_dkl²wlhlh`_h^bgbak_dj_lh]jZfhlgh]hibkvfZ HlhfdZdjZablvkihkh[ghklv©b^_lvªkljmdlmjmij_^eh`_gbyfu _s_ [m^_f ]hhjblv ke_^mxsbo ]eZZo Qlh `_ dZkZ_lky kihkh[ghklb kha^ZZlvh[jZauhh[jZ`_gbbhgZ^ZgZhlijbjh^udZ`^hfmq_eh_dm ghjZablZmex^_cjZaghckl_i_gbMg_dhlhjuohkijbgbfZ_fucl_dkl h`bZ_l khagZgbb kZf kh[hc dZjlbgu djZkdb amdb b ^Z`_ aZiZob hagbdZ 19
- 29. xlg_ijhbahevghb_kl_kl_gghf_kl_khkijbgbfZ_fufbkehZfbM ^jm]bo wlh]h kZfh kh[hc g_ ijhbkoh^bl b hgb jZ[hlZxl k l_dklhf g_ ©dexqZyª_]h`bh_b^_gb_bg_jZaebqZyg_fh[jZahdZddhfgZl_ ]^_g_dexq_gk_lGhq_eh_dfh`_lmkbeb_fheb©dexqblvªk_lb mb^_lv gZoh^ysb_ky dhfgZl_ ij_^f_lu G_h[oh^bfhklv ©dexqZlvª hh[jZ`_gb_ijbjZ[hl_kl_dklhfhq_gv_ebdZWlhhlghkblkyg_lhevdhd ibkvfm gh b d ql_gbx ex[hc ebl_jZlmju dZd om^h`_kl_gghc lZd b ihagZZl_evghc ?keb kihkh[ghklv ij_^klZeylv k_[_ gZ hkgh_ l_dklZ ajbl_evgu_ b amdhu_ h[jZau m q_eh_dZ jZablZ keZ[h hg fh`_l __ jZablv p_e_gZijZe_ggh jZ[hlZy gZ^ kh[hc ©QblZlv lZd qlh[u kehZ ij_jZsZebkv dZjlbgu Z ]hehkZ ^_cklmxsbo ebp amqZeb b dZ`^Zy kljZgbpZ h`bZeZ fh`gh gZmqblvky ² ]hhjbl ibkZl_ev K Evh IhgZqZemijb^_lky^_eZlvkhagZl_evgh_mkbeb_ Dhg_qgh h[jZau klZgml hagbdZlv hh[jZ`_gbb g_ kjZam Z bgh]^Z _^Z hagbdgm [m^ml mkdhevaZlv IhdZ ujZ[hlZ_rv k_[_ ijbuqdm b^_lv kehZo dZjlbgm i_jh_ j_fy kbevgh mklZ_rv Gh mkbeby hagZ]jZ^ylky KljZgbpu dgb] h`bml jZkp_lml djZkdZfb gZihegylkyamdZfbbaZiZoZfbª Dh]^Z u ijbudg_l_ fuke_ggh ©h`beylvª l_dkl lh ihemqbl_ h]jhfguc ub]jur ijb _]h aZihfbgZgbb b ke_^hZl_evgh ijb _]h ]jZfhlghcaZibkb BlZd agZgb_ ijZbe mf_gb_ ^_cklhZlv khhl_lklbb k gbfb kihkh[ghklv ij_^m]Z^uZlv aZihfbgZlv fuke_ggh ©h`beylvª l_dkl b [ukljh gZoh^blv [ehdb ij_^eh`_gbb ² aZeh] mki_rgh]h heZ^_gby imgdlmZpb_c :qlhijhbkoh^blkl_fb,dlh,dZd]hhjbeDml_cdbgdhf_^bbB NhgbabgZ©G_^hjhkevª©m[hyeky[_a^guij_fm^jhklbªbg_hkhbek_]h lh]h qlh g_h[oh^bfh ^ey ]jZfhlghc jZkklZghdb agZdh ih oh^m ibkvfZLZdb_ rdhevgbdb h[uqgh ibrml [_a agZdh Z bo jZkklZghdm hklZeyxl gZ ihlhf ?keb j_fy hklZ_lky hgb i_j_qbluZxl l_dkl h[^mfuZxl _]h b klZyl qlh fh]ml ?keb `_ j_f_gb h[j_a ² ^_eh iehoh ujmqblv fh`_l lhevdh kihkh[ bah[j_l_gguc klZju_ j_f_gZ h^gbfhkljhmfguf]bfgZabklhfdhlhjucgZibkZekhqbg_gb_[_aagZdh dhgp_ bah[jZabe fgh`_klh aZiyluo lbj_ b ^h_lhqbc Z ih^ gbfb ih^ibkZe©FZjrihf_klZfª 20
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- 75. Bgh]^Z dZq_kl_ f_`^hf_lbc mihlj_[eyxlky bf_gZ kms_klbl_evgu_DZjZme;Zlxrdbb ^j ©hkdebpZl_evgufbªbgh]^Z fh]ml [ulv kehZ k dhlhjufb fu m`_ klZedbZebkv dZd k hijhkbl_evgufb dZdhc dZd qlh Wlb kehZ dZd Zdl_ju kihkh[gu b]jZlv jZagu_ jheb hijhkbl_evguo ij_^eh`_gbyo hgb ihfh]Zxl kijZrbZlv Z hkdebpZl_evguo ihdZauZxl qlh kh^_j`Zgb_ ij_^eh`_gby hdjZr_gh kbevguf qmklhf GZijbf_j ij_^eh`_gbb DZd fu Zk `^Zeb qmklh h`b^Zgby `_eZgby klj_qb amqbl]hjZa^hkbevg__q_fij_^eh`_gbbFuZk`^Zebke_^mxsbo ijbf_jZo u e_]dh aZf_lbl_ wlh mkbe_gb_ qmklZ [eZ]h^Zjy bkihevahZgbxkehdZdqlhbdZdhc =hem[mrdZdZdohjhrZ GmqlhaZr_cdZqlhaZ]eZadb B:Djueh
- 77. BlZdfuklj_lbebkvkbgl_j_kgufyaudhufye_gb_fh^gbbl_`_ kehZ fh]ml b]jZlv jZagu_ jheb b kem`blv kb]gZeZfb jZaguo agZdh dhgp_ij_^eh`_gbyIhwlhfmgZqZibkZlvij_^eh`_gb_khkehZdZdbeb dZdh_ g_ gZkljZbZcl_kv ZlhfZlbq_kdb gZ ihklZghdm hijhkbl_evgh]h agZdZ dhgp_ Z ^mfZcl_kv kfuke b ijhgbdgbl_ gZkljh_gb_ ujZ`_ggh_hk_fij_^eh`_gbbp_ebdhf 34
- 78. IhklZbflhqdm ©Lhqdm ihklZblv e_]q_ k_]hª ² gZ_jgh_ ^mfZ_l_ u b k ©e_]dhklvx fukeyo g_h[udgh_gghcª klZbl_ __ qZklh ^Z`_ f_klh hijhkbl_evgh]h b hkdebpZl_evgh]h agZdZ IhklZblv lhqdm b kZfhf ^_e_g_ljm^ghghlhevdhlh]^Zdh]^ZZfaZjZg__ba_klgh]^_dhgqZ_lky ij_^eh`_gb_ =hjZa^h ljm^g__ _keb dhg_p ij_^eh`_gby gZ^h gZclb Ihijh[mcl_ jZkklZblv lhqdb klbohlhjghf l_dkl_ ba dgb]b : L :jkbjbyb=Ffbljb_hc©AZgbfZl_evgZy]jZffZlbdZª «Dbk_evlZfZjylbaj_abgu lZfrbgu^_eZxlba]ebgu dbjibqlZf`]mlbafhehdZ lhjh]]hlhylbai_kdZ kl_dehlZfieZylba[_lhgZ iehlbgukljhylbadZjlhgZ h[eh`dblZfbaqm]mgZ lZfZjylklZevbaihehlgZ djhyljm[ZobbaieZklfZkku ihkm^m^_eZxlbafykZdhle_lu kljyiZxlbakZ`b lZfZdkm^_eZxlbaijy`b ijy^mllZfgbldbbakmdgZ dhklxfurvxlbalhehdgZ dbk_evlZfZjyl M^ZehkvebZfihklZblvlhqdblZdqlh[ul_dklklZeihgylguf Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 2 gZk 41). L_i_jvdh]^ZZfyk_gwlhl©nhdmkklhqdZfbªihijh[mcl_ijh^_eZlv _]hkZfbgZ^jm]bol_dklZo ?^yllZfbedZfbdhfihl lZfivxlbaqZr_d[ml_j[jh^ baoe_[ZkkujhflZfdhle_lu bafykZk_`_]hdhgn_lu kgZqbgdhckeZ^dhckmiknZkhevx lZj_edZok_lZfZjylkkhevx j_d_lZfju[ZgZ[m]j_ fuqbldhjhZdhgmj_ 35
- 79. kh[ZdZeZ_lgZaZ[hj_ ih_lkbgbqdZdhjb^hj_ b]jZxl^_lbgZkl_g_ bkbldZjlbgZgZhdg_ mahjubg_yi_qmjd_ ]hjyl^jhZjmdZo^_qmjdb gZjy^gZylZfdmdeZde_ld_ jmqghcs_]heih_lkZen_ldb lZfgZklhe_e_`Zldhgvdb dabf_]hlhyllZfhqdb e_`Zl^ey[Z[mrdbl_ljZ^db k_]^Zkh^_j`Zlkyihjy^d_ ?keb Zf m^Zehkv jZkklZblv lhqdb lZd qlh l_dkl klZe ihgylguf agZqblfufh`_fkihdhcghdhgqblvwlm]eZmbihklZblvlhqdm hl fu k Zfb b kihfgbeb ©kZfu_ e_]db_ª agZdb ij_ibgZgby u ^mfZ_l_qlhwlhg_lZdm`Z`ghqlhwlhimklydbGhgZklmibl_evguo wdaZf_gZo aZ wlb ©imklydbª kgb`Zxl hp_gdb : dZd h[b^gh ih]hj_lv gZ ©imklydZoªEmqr_m`k_jv_akgbfbiheZ^blv 36
- 80. =eZZ III GZq_f^_j`blkyij_^eh`_gb_ ihbkdZo]jZffZlbq_kdhchkghu QblZyij_^u^msmx]eZmum[_^bebkvqlhjZkklZblv^Z`_kZfu_ e_]db_ agZdb ij_ibgZgby dhgp_ ij_^eh`_gby
- 81. g_ lZd m` e_]dh gZ^h ^mfuZlvky kfuke l_dklZ Gh _s_ [he__ gZijy`_ggh ijboh^blky jZ[hlZlvgZ^imgdlmZpb_ck_j_^bg_ij_^eh`_gbyA^_kvgZ^huqe_gylv fuke_ggh[ehdbbkdZlvbo]jZgbpukhhl_lklbbkijZbeZfbu[bjZlv gm`gu_agZdbHklZghbfkyij_`^_k_]hgZhkghguo[ehdZo²ijhkluo ij_^eh`_gbyooh^ysbokhklZkeh`gh]h Ba q_]h khklhbl lZdhc [ehd ?]h k_j^p_bghc yey_lky _^bgklh kdZam_fh]h b ih^e_`Zs_]h ²] j Z f f Z l b q _ k d Z y h k g h Z ij_^eh`_gby hdjm] g__ ]jmiibjmxlky lhjhkl_i_ggu_ qe_gu h[hkh[e_ggu_bg_h[hkh[e_ggu_ 37
- 82. =jZffZlbq_kdZyhkghZ_^_lk_[yij_^eh`_gbbdZdhd_Zg_qm^hx^h ju[Zdbl gZ dhlhjhf k_ ^_j`blky ?keb u gZmqbl_kv [ukljh gZoh^blv ]jZffZlbq_kdb_ hkghu Zf e_]dh [m^_l jZkklZeylv l_ agZdb ij_ibgZgby dhlhju_©ihk_eyxlkyªf_`^mijhklufbij_^eh`_gbyfbkhklZ_keh`gh]h wlhf kemqZ_ ijhklu_ ij_^eh`_gby klZghylkyqZklyfb keh`gh]h JZkkfhljbf oh^jZkkm`^_gbc BlZd_kebhkghZh^gZij_^eh`_gb_ijhklh_?keb^_beb[hevr_ ²keh`gh_ : _ebdZ eb ij_fm^jhklv ² gZclb ]jZffZlbq_kdmx hkghm ij_^eh`_gby g__ oh^yl kdZam_fh_ b ih^e_`Zs__ ba_klgu_ k gZqZevghcrdheu©Wlhkhk_fg_ljm^ghª²kdZ`mlfgh]b_baZk Ihkfhljbl_ lZd eb wlh uibrbl_ ]jZffZlbq_kdb_ hkghu ba ke_^mxsboij_^eh`_gbc ,k_ihgylghklZjbdm KlZjbdmqZkhsbdm Bahdhr_qdZj_agh]h KghZkeurblky©dmdmª KFboZedh
- 83. 38
- 88. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 1 gZk 43). ?keb u kijZbebkv k wlhc jZ[hlhc [_a hrb[hd fh`_l_ k iheguf ijZhf kqblZlv k_[y fheh^phf Zf ij_^hklZey_lky hafh`ghklv ijhimklb wlhc ]eZ_ k ² gZqZlv qblZlv ©EmdZu_ª qe_gu ij_^eh`_gbyª ?keb hrb[db [ueb g_ iZ^Zcl_ mgugb_ hrb[db ² ©^_eh `bl_ckdh_ª dZd kdZaZe [u DZjekhg dhlhjuc `b_l gZ djur_ Hgb ^ey lh]hbkms_klmxlqlh[uboij_h^he_Zlv M g_dhlhjuo ba Zk klj_qZxlky lZdb_ hrb[db ]^_lh g_ hdZaZehkv ih^e_`Zs_]h]^_lh©ihl_jyehkvªkdZam_fh_]^_lhf_klhih^e_`Zs_]h ih^q_jdgmlh^hiheg_gb_ZdZdbolhkemqZyoaZ]jZffZlbq_kdmxhkghm ij_^eh`_gbyijbgylukehZg_bf_xsb_gbfZe_cr_]hhlghr_gby^jm]d ^jm]m ©LZd eb m` wlh kljZrghª ² kijhkbl_ u Dhg_qgh kf_jl_evghc hiZkghklb lZdb_ hrb[db g_ lZyl Gh dh]^Z g__jgh gZc^_gZ ]jZffZlbq_kdZy hkghZ ij_^eh`_gby g_evay ijZbevgh mb^_lv [ehdb Lh]^ZbihemqZ_lkyqlhijhklu_ij_^eh`_gbyhrb[hqghijbgbfZxlkyaZ keh`gu_Zkeh`guog_ijZbevghhp_gbZ_lkydheb 39
- 89. q_klh qZkl_c qlh ijbh^bl d hrb[dZf ihklZghd_ agZdh bo hdZauZ_lky[hevr_bebf_gvr_q_fgm`ghIhke_^klbywlh]hhibkZgu klbohlhj_gbbKYFZjrZdZhagZdZoij_ibgZgby BaaZgZkdZjZxlkljh]h =jZfhl__fheh^uo² L_odlhklZblkebrdhffgh]h BebfZehaZiyluo KZfuc gZ^_`guc imlv ijb ihbkd_ ]jZffZlbq_kdhc hkghu ij_^eh`_gby lZdh kgZqZeZgZ^hgZclb kdZam_fh_ ihlhf aZ^Zlv hl g_]h ^hcghchijhkdlhqlhKehhdhlhjh_©hldebdg_lkyªgZwlhlhijhk² ih^e_`Zs__?kebu[m^_l_aZ^ZZlv^hcghchijhkg_kyauZy_]hkh kdZam_fuflhfh`_l_e_]dhihiZklvehmrdmbijbgylvaZih^e_`Zs__ ijyfh_^hiheg_gb_ Ihijh[mcl_ ©g_ aZ[em^blvkyª f_`^m ih^e_`Zsbf b ^hiheg_gb_f ij_^eh`_gbyo JZgvr_ k_o [_j_] mb^_e xg]Z b NZkZ^ ^hfZ mdjZrZeb dhehggu Ijhke_^bl_ aZ l_f dZd bf_ggh u reb d ih^e_`Zs_fm b ihcf_l_qlhZk©_ehªkdZam_fh_BgZq_bg_fh`_l[ulvihlhfmqlh 40
- 90. Ijh_jvl_k_[y 1) KfhijhkgZk JZa_g_m`_eb 2) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk Dbk_evlZfZjylBaj_abgu lZfrbgu^_eZxlBa]ebgu dbjibqlZf`]mlBafhehdZ lhjh]]hlhylBai_kdZ kl_dehlZfieZylBa[_lhgZ iehlbgukljhylBadZjlhgZ h[eh`dblZfBaqm]mgZlZf ZjylklZevBaihehlgZ djhyljm[ZobBaieZklfZkku ihkm^m^_eZxlBafykZ dhle_lukljyiZxlBakZ`b lZfZdkm^_eZxlBaijy`b ijy^mllZfgbldbBakmdgZ dhklxfurvxlBalhehdgZ dbk_evlZfZjyl *** lhevdh ih^e_`Zs__ gZauZ_l lhl ij_^f_l h dhlhjhf jZkkdZauZ_l kdZam_fh_ Wlh hq_gv ohjhrh h[tykgbeZ h^gZ fZe_gvdZy ^_hqdZ dhlhjmx kijhkbeb©=^_ih^e_`Zs__ij_^eh`_gbbEbkbpZb^blkuj — ebkbpZ bebkuj?» ²Gmdhg_qghebkbpZ²hl_lbeZ^_hqdZ²Kujg_fh`_lb^_lv mg_]h]eZadhg_lm LZd qlh hlukdbZy ih^e_`Zs__ ij_^eh`_gbyo h xg]_ b h nZkZ^_ ^hfZu^he`gu[uebjZkkm`^ZlvlZd mb^_e d l h q l h ² xg]Z AgZqbl xg]Z ² ih^e_`Zs__ MdjZrZebd l h q l h ² dhehggudhehggu²ih^e_`Zs__ GZc^bl_]jZffZlbq_kdb_hkghuke_^mxsboijbf_jZoIhijh[mcl_ g_i_j_imlZlvih^e_`Zs__b^hiheg_gb_ 41
- 91. 1. JZkklhygb_ ij_h^he_Z_l dhgv ij_iylklb_ ij_h^he_Z_l hey 2. FZeZy e_gv [hevrh_ ]hj_ ijbghkbl 3. Bghc yaud f_^ ijbg_k_l ^jm]hc[_^mgZdebq_l 4._j_hq_jvbagmljblhqbl 5.DhjZ[_evgh_ ^_eh dhjZ[_evsbd agZ_l 6. _jb ihjh`^Zxl kdhagydb [helmgu ihjh`^Zxl [_^u 7. Ohjhr__ g_ aZ[uZ_lky ohjhr__ b h^Z g_ mg_k_l Ihkehbpu
- 92. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 2 gZk 43). Fgh`_klhh[ebqbcih^e_`Zs_]h JZkkfhljbl_ ke_^mxsb_ ij_^eh`_gby ih^e_`Zs__ u^_e_gh dmjkbhf
- 94. 2. IhevahZlvky j_amevlZlZfb ljm^Z lhZjbsZ [_kq_klgh : Kmohfebgkdbc
- 95. H^bg g_ ih^gbf_l ijhklh_ iylb_jrdhh_ [j_gh FZydhkdbc
- 96. Ihq_fm kemqbehkv wlh FZydhkdbc
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- 101. L_i_jv Zf g_ljm^gh khh[jZablv dZdbfb qZklyfb j_qb fh`_l [ulv ujZ`_ghih^e_`Zs__u[m^_l_ijZu_kebhl_lbl_kZfufbjZagufb _kebhgbhl_qZxlgZhijhkudlhqlhaZ^Zggu_hlkdZam_fh]h L_ dlh mimkdZ_l wlh ba b^m jbkdmxl ©g_ magZlv ijb klj_q_ª [hevrh_ dhebq_klh ih^e_`Zsbo Z j_amevlZl_ g_ mb^_lv [ehdb b ©ihl_jylvªg_dhlhju_agZdbij_ibgZgby DZdb_`_bf_gghih^e_`Zsb_qZs_k_]hg_magZxlkyijbklj_q_ DZd ijZbeh bfb hdZauZxlky f_klhbf_gby g_ hlghkysb_ky d jZajy^m ebqguohijhkbl_evgu_bhlghkbl_evgu_ dlh qlh
- 105. b l ^ LZdb_ ih^e_`Zsb_ e_]dh fh]ml uiZklv ba ihey aj_gby ©ijhiZklvªZwlhkg_ba[_`ghklvx_^_laZkh[hc©ihl_jxª 42
- 106. Ijh_jvl_k_[y 1)KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 38.uibkZgu]jZffZlbq_kdb_hkghuij_^eh`_gbc ih^e_`Zs__u^_e_ghdmjkbhf I. k_ ihgylgh keurblky ©dmdmª II. Ohaybg b fbe b agZf_gbl ]hkl_c[uZ_lfgh]h dZ`^ucghjhblihljh]Zlv,,,_j_gy [ueZij_e_klgucm]hehdkdmqZe?]_gbcG_fh]hghlebqblv fu [bebkv ,9 _q_j ihe_ h]hgvdb ^hjh]Z V. 1. HjZ] [ue ]em[hd ijhl_dZeZ j_dZ; j_[ylZ g_ fh]eb b^_lv MdjZrZ_l iZjd. 3. Ih^gyrbcih]b[g_l 2)KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 41.uibkZgu]jZffZlbq_kdb_hkghuih^e_`Zs__u^_e_gh dmjkbhf 1. Ij_h^he_Z_ldhgvij_h^he_Z_lhey. 2. E_gvijbghkblYaud ijbg_k_l^jm]hcgZdebq_lQ_jvlhqblDhjZ[_evsbdagZ_l 6. _jb ihjh`^Zxl [helmgu ihjh`^Zxl Ohjhr__ g_ aZ[uZ_lkyh^Zg_mg_k_l *** ijhkluo ij_^eh`_gbc khklZ_ keh`gh]h b khhl_lkl_ggh u^_eyxsboboagZdh Qlh[u h]jZ^blv k_[y hl ih^h[guo ©ijhiZ`ª ihijh[mcl_ gZclb ]jZffZlbq_kdb_hkghuke_^mxsbo^Zgguogb`_ij_^eh`_gbyo WlhlfZevqbdex[blljm^ WlhlqbklblZe_gdb FZydhkdbc
- 107. 2.
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- 110. Lhllmjbkl[eZ]hihemqghi_j_ijZbekyq_j_aj_dmWlhlmiZeh^m f_kl_ k jxdaZdhf k_ `bh_ lyg_lky d khegpm k_ klboeh Wlh i_gb_ jZaghkbehkv ^Ze_dh^Ze_dh Wlh fg_ hq_gv gjZbehkv Qlh f_^ e_gghjZa]hjZ_lkylh`Zjq_]hjblOhjhrhkf__lky 43
- 111. lhldlhkf__lkyihke_^gbcDlhhohlbekygZhe_gylhlgZaZcpZg_ kfhljbl Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 1 gZk 45). Hkh[_ggh qZklh ©ijhiZ^Zxlª l_ ih^e_`Zsb_ keh`guo ij_^eh`_gbyodhlhju_©jZ[hlZxlªkhxagufbkehZfbl_h^ghj_f_ggh b ijbkh_^bgyxl ijb^Zlhqgh_ ij_^eh`_gb_ d ]eZghfm b yeyxlky ih^e_`Zsbfb hl ijbf_j lZdhc ijhiZ`b :e_dk_c ;hqZjh ki_rbe ahhiZjdd[_]_fhlmGhkbdmdhlhjuc[he_eA^_kvih^e_`Zs__hlhjhc ]jZffZlbq_kdhc hkgh_ ² dhlhjuc [he_e ² g_j_^dh l_jy_lky Z u^_ey_lky eh`gZy hkghZ ²:e_dk_c ;hqZjh ki_rbe [he_e qlh fh`_l ijb_klbdihl_j_aZiylhci_j_^dhlhjuc Ihijh[mcl_ [_a ihl_jv gZclb ]jZffZlbq_kdb_ hkghu ke_^mxsbo ij_^eh`_gbyo Lhldlhh[ma^Ze]g_ih[_^bekbevgh]hjZ]Z 2. Ebrvlhldlhghqvxi_j_ijZeyekyq_j_aj_dmhp_gblykguc^_gv ?klv g_[hevrZy ilbqdZ dhlhjZy fbjgh khkms_klm_l k djhdh^behfHgZude_uZ_lhklZldbibsbdhlhju_aZklj_Zxlm g_]hf_`^mam[h Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 2 gZk 45). Ih^e_`Zs__fh`_l[ulvujZ`_ghkhq_lZgb_fkeh :ldZqboZkihZjbohc KkZlv_c[Z[hc;Z[Zjbohc HdhehpZjykb^yl :KImrdbg
- 112. A^_kvih^e_`Zs__khklhblbak_fbkehhghaZgyeh^_klbohlhjgu_ kljhqdb L_i_jv ihijh[mcl_ kZfhklhyl_evgh h[gZjm`blv lZdb_ ih^e_`Zsb_ Gh[m^vl_[^bl_evguijbf_jZokdhlhjufbuk_cqZk[m^_l_jZ[hlZlv fgh]h©ehmr_dª Bljb^pZlvblya_cij_djZkguo Qj_^hcbah^uoh^ylykguo :KImrdbg
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- 122. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 3 gZk 45). G_[hevrh_hlklmie_gb_aZsblmriZj]Zehd h k_ j_f_gZ b m k_o gZjh^h rdhevgbdb b klm^_glu ^_eZxl riZj]Zedb b bah[j_lZxl jZaebqgu_ kihkh[u ih^kdZahd B k lZdbf `_ mihjklhfohlvb[_aj_amevlZlghij_ih^ZZl_eb[hjxlkykwlbf:fug_ [hj_fkyfugZZr_c 45
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- 130. bf_ggh ijhqblZeZ Z g_ miZeZ beb g_ aZfmjeudZeZ h lhjuo^_cklb_ijhbahrehijhrehflj_lvbowlhk^_eZeZhgZl_ g_dlh`_gkdh]hjh^Zb^_cklb_kh_jr_gh_xh^ghc Ijhklh_]eZ]hevgh_kdZam_fh_g_k_]^Ze_]dh^Z_lkyjmdb:q_f ijbqbguwlboljm^ghkl_c hi_juo g_^hhp_gd_ lh]h qlh kdZam_fuf [uZ_l ]eZ]he e x [ h f g Z d e h g _ g b b G_dhlhju_ ba Zk e_]dh gZoh^yl ij_^eh`_gbb kdZam_fu_ lhevdh lhf kemqZ_ _keb hgb ujZ`_gu ]eZ]heZfb batybl_evghf gZdehg_gbb Z ijb klj_q_ k ]eZ]hehf ih_ebl_evghf gZdehg_gbb g_ hkijbgbfZxl _]h dZd kdZam_fh_ GZijbf_j klZ_l beb klZe kqblZxlky kdZam_fufb Z klZgv g_ kqblZ_lky hlhjuog_magZZgbb]eZ]hehfZexlhd_klv[uedhlhju_lh`_ uklmiZxljhebkdZam_fuo Ihijh[mcl_ gZclb ^Zgguo ij_^eh`_gbyo ijhklu_ ]eZ]hevgu_ kdZam_fu_bh[tykgbl_agZdbij_ibgZgby Mf bf_c ohlv fZe_gvdbc ^Z khc F =hjvdbc
- 133. Ijh_jvl_k_[y 1) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 48.uibkZgukdZam_fu_ Bf_cG_kemrZcl_]hhjblAgZc`be;ue klhyeh 2) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 49.uibkZgukehZihke_dhlhjuoklhylaZiylu_ 1. Ih]h^bH[jhdIhkfhljbe_kmL_[y *** lZyky`be]jm^bfh_cFXE_jfhglh
- 135. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 1 gZk 49). :l_i_jvjZkklZvl_agZdbij_ibgZgbykZfhklhyl_evghG_©l_jycl_ª kdZam_fuobaZiyluo Ih]h^burexdl_[_gmdZ;m^_ll_[_h[jhddhebaZohq_rv IhkfhljbdZdhgoehihq_l=^_lh_klv_eve_kmih^_evx[_edZ H[b^_edlhl_[ykdZ`b :KImrdbg
- 136. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 2 gZk 49). Dh]^Z fu fh`_f k m_j_gghklvx kdZaZlv qlh fZexldZ [ue — kZfhklhyl_evgh_kdZam_fh_Lh]^Zdh]^Z_]hfh`ghaZf_gblvkbghgbfhf GZijbf_j I_j_^ ^hfhf [ueb p_lu gZoh^bebkv p_lu jhkeb p_lu
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- 140. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 1 gZk 53). Ijhkfhljbl_ uibkZggu_ Zfb khklZgu_ kdZam_fu_ b kdZ`bl_ dZdhcnhjf_klhyl]eZ]heug_kmsb_hkghgmxkfukehmxgZ]jmadm ?keb ZrZ gZ[ex^Zl_evghklv b khh[jZabl_evghklv Zf ihfh]eb u ^h]Z^Zebkv q l h h k g h g m x k f u k e h m x g Z ] j m a d m g _ k m l ] e Z ] h e u g _ h i j _ ^ _ e _ g g h c n h j f _ bgh]^Z wlm nhjfm gZauZxlb g n b g b l b
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- 146. IhagZdhfvl_kv [he__ [ebadh k kihfh]Zl_evgufb ]eZ]heZfb DZdmx qZklv kfukehhc gZ]jmadb hgb g_kml Qlh[u ihgylv wlh kgZqZeZ gbfZl_evghijhqlbl_gZaZgbydhehghdlZ[ebpu GZqZehdhg_p bebijh^he`_gb_ ^_cklby Kihkh[ghklvbeb g_kihkh[ghklv kh_jrblv ^_cklb_ GZf_j_gb_ `_eZgb_beb g_`_eZgb_ kh_jrblv ^_cklb_ I_j_`bZgby bfukeb ihihh^m ^_cklby 1 2 3 4 L_i_jv ijhqlbl_ kibkhd ]eZ]heh b ihijh[mcl_ kZfhklhyl_evgh jZkij_^_eblvboihdhehgdZflZ[ebpu @_eZlv ^mfZlv fhqv mf_lv gZqZlv klZlv `Z`^Zlv gZ^_ylvky [hylvky dhgqblv kmf_lv jZamqblvky mobljblvky ijbgylvky klZjZlvkyijh^he`blvklu^blvkykh[bjZlvkygZf_j_Zlvkyj_rblv imklblvkyij_djZlblv]hlhblvkygZmqblvkyf_qlZlvohl_lv 51
- 148. Bgh]^Z khklZgh_ ]eZ]hevgh_ kdZam_fh_ fh`_l h[oh^blvky b [_a ihfhsb kihfh]Zl_evgh]h ]eZ]heZ Lh]^Z _]h khklZ oh^yl g_dhlhju_ djZldb_ ijbeZ]Zl_evgu_ dhlhju_ iheg_ kijZeyxlky k jZ[hlhc kihfh]Zl_evgh]h]eZ]heZ GZijbf_j ^he`_g ijb_oZlv ugm`^_g mclb kihkh[_g jZ[hlZlv ]hlhhlijZeylvkyh[yaZgyblvkyjZ^b^_lv IjhqblZcl_l_dkluibrbl_baij_^eh`_gbckdZam_fu_ H[_avygu kihkh[gu ih^he]m kfhlj_lv dbghnbevfu h `bhlguo Nbevfuijhh[_avyghgb]hlhukfhlj_lvp_eufbqZkZfbH^gZ`^u ijb ^_fhgkljZpbb nbevfZh `bhlguo gZ wdjZg_ihybebkv af_bb h[_avygu lZd i_j_im]Zebkv qlh ex^b ugm`^_gu [ueb ij_djZlblv nbevfH^gZfZe_gvdZyh[_avygdZlZd[hyeZkvkfhlj_lvgZwdjZgqlh hgZ ^Z`_ kijylZeZkv m]he ;_^gy`dZ [ueZ jZ^Z aZe_alv gZ jmdb d i_jhfm`_ih^hr_^r_fmq_eh_dm Ba`mjgZeh
- 149. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 2 gZk 55). :l_i_jvuibrbl_bal_dklZhkghuij_^eh`_gbc I_jhdeZkkgbd ^he`_g yblvky rdhem gZ oh^meyo Hg ugm`^_g ^_eZlv wlh khhl_lklbb k ijZbeZfb ijb_fZ rdhem E_ck_jZ Ehg^hg_Fu]hlhuihgylvwlhlj_[hZgb_rdhe_mqZlky[m^msb_ Zjlbklu pbjdZ Ijb ihklmie_gbb h lhjhc deZkk rdhevgbd h[yaZg hclbrdhemgZjmdZobj_dlhj]hlhijbgylvlj_lbcdeZkkl_o dlhfh`_lhclb_]hdZ[bg_lihgZlygmlhfmdZgZlm Ba`mjgZeh
- 150. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 3 gZk 55). uibrbl_ ba l_dklZ hkghu ij_^eh`_gbc MdZ`bl_ f_klh agZdh ij_ibgZgby Ex^bgZqZebmqblvkykqblZlvg_aZiZfylgu_j_f_gZZmqbeZbokZfZ `bagvj_gb_ex^b^he`gu[ueb^h[uZlvk_[_ibsmhohlhcHgb kh[bjZebkv hohlblvky gZ djmigh]h a_jy k_f ie_f_g_f ihlhfm qlh gbdlh g_ kfh] [u kijZblvky k gbf h^bghqdm Qlh[u ^h[uqZ g_ mreZex^b^he`gu[uebhdjm`blv`bhlgh_khk_oklhjhg 52
- 151. Ijh_jvl_k_[y 1) Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k KdZam_fu_ jZaguo ij_^eh`_gbc hl^_e_gu lhqdhc k aZiylhc. AZ[he_ebgZoh^bebkvbf__lg_mf_xliblvg_kh]eZrZxlky`^Zlv ihklZbl g_ ih^ieuZxl ^_j`bl g_ `_eZxl ]ehlZlv ^mfZeb fh]ml ijbgylv gZr_eky klZeb ijylZlv ex[yl ih_^Zlv ih]ehsZeb klZeb ua^hjZebZlv 2) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 50. ,Mf__l ^_j`Zlv ohl_e ihe_`Zlv g_fh`_l m^_j`Zlv ,,Fh`_l bkihjlblv G_fh`_l fuqZlv 3) KfaZ^ZgbygZk 51. 1. KlZy fh`_l aZ]gZlv Q_eh_d klj_fblky ih^gylvky h^Z klj_fblkyl_qv Lu ihjmqbrv hg mqblv gZqg_l ;_^Z fh`_l ijbdexqblvkyDlhijbuddmlZlvkylhlay[g_lEy]mrdZg_ fh`_l]hhjblvKlZyfh`_lbkdmkZlvH^bg^mjZdaZ[jhkbl klh mfguo g_ kmf_xl ^hklZlv Dhl ijh]ehlbe e_ _jgmlv g_ kfh`_l *** Lmlhgbg_fh]ebh[hclbkv[_akq_lZj_gb_g_mf_ebkqblZlvijb ihfhsb pbnj gh hgb fh]eb ihdZaZlv qbkeZ gZ iZevpZo jmd ?klv b k_cqZk gZ a_fe_ ie_f_gZ dhlhju_ ijb kq_l_ g_ fh]ml h[hclbkv [_a ihfhsbiZevp_ Ba`mjgZeh
- 152. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 1 gZk 57). uibrbl_ ba ^Zgguo kehhkhq_lZgbc lhevdh l_ dhlhju_ ij_^eh`_gbbfh]ml[ulvkhklZgufb]eZ]hevgufbkdZam_fufb I_j_klZermf_lv[m^mibkZlvij_djZlbermfgZqbgZxsbcbamqZlv gZqZebamqZlvgbq_]hg_^he`_g^he 53
- 153. `_g ih^gylvky jZ^ klj_q_ jZ^ ihfhqv [m^m ijbgbfZlv ]hlh ijbgylv Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_lgZk
- 154. Kh[_jbl_ ©jZkkuiZggu_ª ij_^eh`_gby b u^_ebl_ bo hkghu KhklZvl_bagbokyagucl_dkl R_dkibjZj_f_gZjhebbkihegylvh[uqZchfm`qbguaZij_sZe [uebb]jZlv`_gsbgZfbl_Zlj_`_gkdb_^he`gu b hj_fy bgh]^Z gZqbgZeb g_ mki_Zeb Zdl_ju rmf_lv gZqZlv ki_dlZdevajbl_eb ihlhfmqlhgZihl_ji_lv]eZgZyih[jblvkyh^bglh]^Zim[ebdm ]_jhbgy kp_gm ijhkbe g_ mki_eZ dhlhjuc ba Zdl_jh uoh^be g_fgh]h_s_b Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_lgZk
- 155. GZ_jgh_ dlhlh ba Zk u^_ebe hkghu h[uqZc aZij_sZe b]jZlvbbh^bg ba Zdl_jh uoh^be b ijhkbe ihl_ji_lv b k_jb khx jZ[hlm k hl_lhf ijbr_e g_^hmf_gb_ ZZcl_ jZa[_j_fky k wlbfb ijbf_jZfbf_kl_=eZ]heaZij_sZehlghkblkydih^e_`Zs_fmh[uqZcZ ]eZ]he b]jZlv h[hagZqZ_l ^_cklb_ dhlhjh_ fh]eb kh_jrZlv `_gsbgu LhqghlZd`_h[klhbl^_ehbhlhjhfijbf_j_H^bgbaZdl_jhuoh^be bijhkbeghihl_ji_lv^he`gZ[ueZim[ebdZL_i_jvgZ^__fkyk_fykgh ihq_fmwlboijbf_jZokdZam_fu_ijhklu_Zg_khklZgu_]eZ]hevgu_ : l_i_jv ihlj_gbjm_fky Ij_^eZ]Z_f Zf uibkZlv ba ij_^eh`_gbc kdZam_fu_Ihfgbl_qlhwlhaZ^Zgb_kehmrdhcdhlhjZykhklhbllhf qlhkdZam_fu_^Ze_dhg_dZ`^hfij_^eh`_gbbkhklZgu_]eZ]hevgu_ Yijb]eZkbelhZjbsZihb]jZlvkhfghcrZofZlu 2. GZ dZgbdmeu fu kh[jZebkv ih_oZlv d [Z[mrd_ K [hevrbf ljm^hf hl_p aZklZbe Xjm k_klv aZ mjhdb OhaycdZ ihijhkbeZ ]hkl_c k_klv d klhem DZdhc ih^jhklhd g_ f_qlZ_l ihe_l_lv dhkfhk[Ym]hhjbehlpZdmiblvfg_nhlhZiiZjZl Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 4 gZk 57). : l_i_jv ihkfhljbl_ dZd fh`gh meh`blv riZj]ZedmlZ[ebpm k_ kZfh_]eZgh_qlhfumagZebhkhklZghf]eZ]hevghfkdZam_fhf 54
- 156. Ijh_jvl_k_[y 1) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 51.Ghf_jZkhhl_lklmxl]jZnZflZ[ebpu GZqZlv klZlv dhgqblv ijbgylvky ijh^he`blv imklblvky ij_djZlblvFhqvmf_lvkmf_lvgZmqblvkyjZamqblvkymobljblvky @_eZlv `Z`^Zlv f_qlZlv ohl_lv klZjZlvky kh[bjZlvky gZf_j_Zlvky j_rblv]hlhblvkymfZlvgZ^_ylvky[hylvkyklu^blvky 2) KfaZ^Zgb_ 2 gZk 52.KdZam_fu_jZaguoij_^eh`_gbchl^_e_gulhqdhck aZiylhc Kihkh[gu kfhlj_lv ]hlhu kfhlj_lv ihybebkv i_j_im]Zebkv ugm`^_gu [ueb ij_djZlblv [hyeZkv kfhlj_lv kijylZeZkv [ueZ jZ^Z aZe_alv 3) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 52.HkghujZaguoij_^eh`_gbcjZa^_e_gulhqdhck aZiylhc I_jhdeZkkgbd ^he`_g yblvky hg ugm`^_g ^_eZlv fu ]hlhu ihgylv mqZlky Zjlbklu rdhevgbd h[yaZg hclb^bj_dlhj ]hlh ijbgylv dlhfh`_lhclb *** 55
- 157. ?s_h^gh khklZgh_ kdZam_fh_ ghg_ ]eZ]hevgh_ Zbf_ggh_ ZZcl_kihfgbfi_k_gdm;Hdm^`Zu H^bgkhe^ZlgZk_l_`be DjZkbucbhlZ`guc Ghhgb]jmrdhc^_lkdhc[ue _^v[uekhe^Zl[mfZ`guc Qlhkhh[sZ_lkyhkhe^Zl_ihke_^gbo^mokljhqdZo qlhhg[uebebqlhhg[ueb]jmrdhcQlhkhe^Zl[uebeb qlhkhe^Zl[ue[mfZ`guc? FugZ^__fkyqlhuhl_lbeblZdh[wlhfkhe^Zl_khh[sZ_lkyqlh hg[ueb]jmrdhcqlhhg[ue[mfZ`guc Kehhkhq_lZgby [ue b]jmrdhc, [ue [mfZ`guc g_kml kfukehmx gZ]jmadmf_kl_h[t_^bgbrbkvkdZam_fh_dhlhjh_khklZe_ghba^mo beb lj_o [uZ_l b [hevr_
- 158. keh ?kl_kl_ggh qlh hgh gZauZ_lky khklZgufGhhlebqb_hlkhklZgh]h]eZ]hevgh]hkdZam_fh]hhkghgmx gZ]jmadmg_kmlbf_ggu_qZklbj_qbMHdm^`Zuwlhi_jhfkemqZ_bfy kms_klbl_evgh_ Z h lhjhf ² ijbeZ]Zl_evgh_ wlhc jheb fh`_l hdZaZlvkyex[ZyqZklvj_qbdhlhjZyuklmiZ_ljhebbf_gbkms_klb 56
- 159. Ijh_jvl_k_[y 1) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 52. Ex^b gZqZeb mqblvky kqblZlv j_f_gZ Z mqbeZ `bagv Ex^b ^he`gu [ueb ^h[uZlv Hgb kh[bjZebkv hohlblvky ie_f_g_f ihlhfm qlhgbdlhg_kfh][ukijZblvkyQlh[u^h[uqZg_mreZex^b^he`gu [ueb hdjm`blv Hgb g_ fh]eb h[hclbkv j_gb_ g_ mf_eb kqblZlv pbnjghhgbfh]ebihdZaZlv?klvie_f_gZdhlhju_g_fh]mlh[hclbkv 2) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 53. I_j_klZermf_lvgZqZebamqZlv^he`_gih^gylvkyjZ^ihfhqv]hlh ijbgylv 3) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk hj_f_gZR_dkibjZh[uqZcaZij_sZe`_gsbgZfb]jZlvl_Zlj_b `_gkdb_ jheb ^he`gu [ueb bkihegylv fm`qbgu Bgh]^Z Zdl_ju g_ mki_ZebgZqZlvki_dlZdevhj_fybajbl_ebgZqbgZebrmf_lvLh]^ZgZ kp_gm uoh^be h^bg ba Zdl_jh b ijhkbe im[ebdm ihl_ji_lv g_fgh]h ihlhfmqlh]eZgZy]_jhbgy_s_g_mki_eZih[jblvky 4) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 54. Ijb]eZkbe Kh[jZebkv ih_oZlv AZklZbe IhijhkbeZ F_qlZ_lihe_l_lvM]hhjbe *** l_evgh]h beb ijhbahreZ hl bf_gb kms_klbl_evgh]h Z lZd`_ bfy qbkebl_evgh_wlhc`_jhebfh`_luklmiblvbijbqZklb_lZddZdhgh hnhjfe_ghdZdijbeZ]Zl_evgh_ DZd^_eylgZ]jmadmkehZwlbokdZam_fuo ;ueg_k_l]jZffZlbq_kdmxgZ]jmadmAZlhkfukehhckhk_fg_g_k_l :bf_ggu_qZklbj_qb²bkfukehmxbqZklv]jZffZlbq_kdhclZddZd mdZauZxlgZqbkehbjh^ih^e_`Zs_]h Ihwlhfm kdZam_fh_ khklZe_ggh_ ba wlbo qZkl_c gZauZ_lky k h k l Z g u f b f _ g g u f k d Z a m _ f u f , Z _]h qZklb ² ] e Z ] h e k y a d Z b b f _ g g Z y q Z k l v . Ijh^he`Z_fkhklZeylvriZj]Zedmkfk
- 160. 57
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- 162. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 2 gZk 61). uibrbl_bal_dklZhkghuMdZ`bl_f_klhagZdhij_ibgZgby ^Ze_dmx^Ze_dmx ihjm jmqgu_ @bhlgu_ [ueb @bhlgufb bdbfbKh[ZdZ[ueZ^bdZybDhjhZ[ueZ^bdZybHpZ[ueZ^bdZyb k_hgb[ueb^bdb_ij_^bdb_Hgb^bdh[em`^Zebihfhdjufbdbf E_kZfGh kZfZy ^bdZy [ueZ bdZy DhrdZ HgZ [jh^beZ ]^_ lhevdh hgZohl_eZihlhfmqlhhgZ]meyeZkZfZihk_[_Q_eh_dlh`_[ue^b dbcHggbdh]^Zg_[ue[ujmqguf_keb[u_fmg_ihfh]eZ@_gsbgZ IhJDbiebg]m
- 163. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 3 gZk 61). HohlZaZkhklZgufbkdZam_fufbbf__lh^gm[hevrmxljm^ghklv_]h qZklbfh]mlklhylvg_jy^hf_kebbojZa^_eyxl^jm]b_kehZHgbfh]ml ^Z`_hdZaZlvkyjZaguodhgpZoij_^eh`_gbyB^eylh]hqlh[uuehblv bogm`ghykghihgbfZlvqlhbf_gghkhh[sZ_lkyhih^e_`Zs_fbdZdh_ kehhkgbfkbglZdkbq_kdbkyaZghIjb_^_fijbf_ju Hlebqbl_evghchkh[_gghklvxijhn_kkhjZ[ueZ_]hex[hvd^_lyf J_amevlZlhfwlhcex[bd^_lyf[ueZkdZadZ©:ebkZKljZg_qm^_kª 58
- 164. B i_jhf b h lhjhf ij_^eh`_gbb qZklb bf_ggh]h khklZgh]h kdZam_fh]h [ueZ hkh[_gghklvx [ueZ j_amevlZlhf
- 165. hl^_e_gu ^jm] hl ^jm]Z QZklbkhklZgh]hkdZam_fh]hfh]ml[ulvjZa^_e_gub[he__k_jv_aghc ij_]jZ^hc ?keb gmljv ij_^eh`_gby aZ[jZeZkv ©fZlj_rdZª lh qZklb khklZgh]hkdZam_fh]hfh]mlhdZaZlvkyihjZagu___klhjhguGZijbf_j lZdEmqrbfqlhgZoh^behkvdhfgZl_[uefZd_liZjmkghcyolu I_j_ibrbl_ ij_^eh`_gby jZkklZeyy agZdb ij_ibgZgby b ih^q_jdbZyhkghu I KZfufb hqZjhZl_evgufb kms_klZfb k dhlhjufb fg_ ijboh^behkv klj_qZlvky [ueb [_ehohklu_ ]gm I_juf qlh y ihiulZekyk^_eZlvdZq_kl_ijb_fghcfZl_jb[uehkdZjfebZgb_ q_luj_oghhjh`^_gguo_`Zl Ih`Zjj_eem
- 167. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 4 gZk 61). Jhevkyahdfh`_lb]jZlvg_lhevdh]eZ]he[ulvghb^jm]b_]eZ]heu gZijbf_j ^_eZlvky klZlv klZghblvky yeylvky kqblZlvky dZaZlvky[uZlvgZauZlvkyhdZauZlvkyhklZlvky Ih^q_jdgbl_hkghuij_^eh`_gbyoJZkklZvl_agZdbij_ibgZgby 1. kheg_qgu_ hdly[jvkdb_ ^gb fu qZklh klZghbfky kb^_l_eyfb hk_gg_]hihe_lZiZmlbgu Wlb e_lysb_ gblb yeyxlky kj_^klhf i_j_^b`_gby ih ha^mom ^ey f_edbo iZmqdh Ba `mjgZeh
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- 174. Ijh_jvl_k_[y 1) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 58. ;m^m]hkl_f[ueaZ^mfqbuf_klvgZbukr__^hklb`_gb_ 2) KfaZ^Zgb_gZk 58. Ohl_e i_j_^_eZlv khkl ]eZ]
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- 186. Ijh_jvl_k_[ykfhl_l 2 gZk 65). hljud_ ba klbohlhj_gby BhkbnZ ;jh^kdh]h gZr g_ ihoh`bc gZ kZfh]h k_[y ]eZ]he klj_qZ_lky b ijhklhf ]eZ]hevghf b khklZghf bf_gghfkdZam_fuo IjhsZc IhaZ[m^v Bg_h[_kkm^v :ibkvfZkh`]bdZdfhkl Z[m^_lfm`_kl_gguflhcimlv Z[m^_lhgijyfbijhkl 63
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