This document discusses indigenous protest in the Andes region in response to neoliberal policies and privatization of natural resources. It describes the social composition of indigenous and peasant organizations leading protests in countries like Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. The causes of protest included free trade agreements negatively impacting livelihoods and lack of consent for resource extraction. Protest actions ranged from road blockades to electoral participation. Impacts included blocking neoliberal reforms, constitutional recognition of indigenous rights, and increased political representation.