The document summarizes discussions from two villages, Libzagh and ChackmanBala, in Faryab Province about establishing electricity connections. In Libzagh village, none of the 8 participants have a public or private electricity connection. They want a connection but say the electricity department will not extend lines to their village. In ChackmanBala village, the 6 participants currently only have a weak private generator network and want to improve or replace it with a public connection. Both groups expressed a willingness to pay installation fees for connections and monthly electricity bills. However, they feared expropriation of land and inadequate compensation for vulnerable groups like the handicapped.
This document outlines a business plan for Solaron, a company providing solar energy solutions. It discusses targeting high potential states and segments like urban middle/high income groups and unelectrified villages. The positioning focuses on information provision and financing assistance. Marketing strategies include educational videos, games, and commercials to raise awareness of benefits like bill savings. Solaron will partner with distributors and employ local Urja Sevaks to create demand and ensure timely delivery and service. Financing options like installments and bank tie-ups will make the systems affordable.
Suraj Choudhury presents his vision and business plan for providing solar energy solutions in remote areas of Assam, India through his company M/S Suraj Solar Enterprise. He identifies potential areas like riverbank villages, Bhutan foothills, and remote villages that currently lack electricity. Choudhury notes the poor living conditions and lack of amenities in these areas. He discusses challenges like villagers' financial constraints and distrust after previous failed solar projects. However, he sees opportunities to provide affordable installment plans and improve on previous work by offering long-term service.
This document proposes a new approach called "Solar Forward" to increase access to renewable energy for communities living in poverty. It describes solar energy kits at different price points and innovative financial models like "Pay Forward" to distribute the kits. People who receive a kit must pay $1 each time they use it and eventually donate a kit to someone else. Gamification elements are added to encourage more donations. The goal is to empower communities by making them active participants rather than passive recipients of aid. Partnerships with NGOs and companies are sought to test these models in other areas and scale up the distribution of solar energy.
The Role of Minigrids in Energy Access and National Electrification PlanningAndre Susanto
This document discusses developing a national energy plan that promotes energy access and economic growth. It argues that energy access means more than just basic lighting and must provide equal opportunities to improve quality of life. Mini-grids can play a role but must be planned to connect and grow with communities' increasing energy needs over time. A comprehensive plan requires in-depth data collection and should facilitate connecting mini-grids to each other and the public grid to efficiently meet energy demand and allow communities to develop.
This document provides information about the Toul Sambo Tmey community located 20 km outside of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It notes that the community was previously called Chey Chumnas and consists of 76 families living on 89 plots of land. The community lacks infrastructure and job opportunities. It has a small market, elementary school, electricity, and some health services provided by NGOs. However, it does not have adequate water supply, public services, or good relationships between older and newer residents. Opportunities for growth include vegetable farming and rice farming, but the community faces threats such as poor road access, lack of cooperation and interest from residents, and lack of unity or local planning.
This document proposes creating an "E-Swaraj" online platform that combines elements of Wikileaks, social media, Lokpal, and whistleblowing to create a framework for citizen participation and reform in India. The platform would have three main sections: a Wiki with information on citizens' rights and duties; forums for discussion; and a "Cases" section where citizens could start petitions, expose corruption, and collaborate on reform efforts. The goal is to empower citizens through transparency and collective action to drive meaningful change in governance and public services in India.
The document describes a proposed mobile app and web interface to collect civic issue data from citizens in a standardized way. The app would allow users to report issues related to amenities like water, electricity, roads, etc. and classify them by type and location. This collected data could then be analyzed to evaluate the performance of local governments and departments, identify unaddressed issues, and increase transparency. The goal is to empower citizens to participate in governance and give all stakeholders like political parties and activists access to the same civic problem information.
The document describes a mobile app and web interface being developed to standardize problem reporting for civic issues like water, electricity, roads, etc. The goal is to provide political parties, activists, and media a centralized source of data on governance issues to help evaluate performance. Citizens can report issues via the app, which classifies them by location and type. Analytics will monitor the number and location of problems to identify underperforming areas and departments. This is intended to increase transparency and accountability of elected officials and public services.
This document outlines a business plan for Solaron, a company providing solar energy solutions. It discusses targeting high potential states and segments like urban middle/high income groups and unelectrified villages. The positioning focuses on information provision and financing assistance. Marketing strategies include educational videos, games, and commercials to raise awareness of benefits like bill savings. Solaron will partner with distributors and employ local Urja Sevaks to create demand and ensure timely delivery and service. Financing options like installments and bank tie-ups will make the systems affordable.
Suraj Choudhury presents his vision and business plan for providing solar energy solutions in remote areas of Assam, India through his company M/S Suraj Solar Enterprise. He identifies potential areas like riverbank villages, Bhutan foothills, and remote villages that currently lack electricity. Choudhury notes the poor living conditions and lack of amenities in these areas. He discusses challenges like villagers' financial constraints and distrust after previous failed solar projects. However, he sees opportunities to provide affordable installment plans and improve on previous work by offering long-term service.
This document proposes a new approach called "Solar Forward" to increase access to renewable energy for communities living in poverty. It describes solar energy kits at different price points and innovative financial models like "Pay Forward" to distribute the kits. People who receive a kit must pay $1 each time they use it and eventually donate a kit to someone else. Gamification elements are added to encourage more donations. The goal is to empower communities by making them active participants rather than passive recipients of aid. Partnerships with NGOs and companies are sought to test these models in other areas and scale up the distribution of solar energy.
The Role of Minigrids in Energy Access and National Electrification PlanningAndre Susanto
This document discusses developing a national energy plan that promotes energy access and economic growth. It argues that energy access means more than just basic lighting and must provide equal opportunities to improve quality of life. Mini-grids can play a role but must be planned to connect and grow with communities' increasing energy needs over time. A comprehensive plan requires in-depth data collection and should facilitate connecting mini-grids to each other and the public grid to efficiently meet energy demand and allow communities to develop.
This document provides information about the Toul Sambo Tmey community located 20 km outside of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It notes that the community was previously called Chey Chumnas and consists of 76 families living on 89 plots of land. The community lacks infrastructure and job opportunities. It has a small market, elementary school, electricity, and some health services provided by NGOs. However, it does not have adequate water supply, public services, or good relationships between older and newer residents. Opportunities for growth include vegetable farming and rice farming, but the community faces threats such as poor road access, lack of cooperation and interest from residents, and lack of unity or local planning.
This document proposes creating an "E-Swaraj" online platform that combines elements of Wikileaks, social media, Lokpal, and whistleblowing to create a framework for citizen participation and reform in India. The platform would have three main sections: a Wiki with information on citizens' rights and duties; forums for discussion; and a "Cases" section where citizens could start petitions, expose corruption, and collaborate on reform efforts. The goal is to empower citizens through transparency and collective action to drive meaningful change in governance and public services in India.
The document describes a proposed mobile app and web interface to collect civic issue data from citizens in a standardized way. The app would allow users to report issues related to amenities like water, electricity, roads, etc. and classify them by type and location. This collected data could then be analyzed to evaluate the performance of local governments and departments, identify unaddressed issues, and increase transparency. The goal is to empower citizens to participate in governance and give all stakeholders like political parties and activists access to the same civic problem information.
The document describes a mobile app and web interface being developed to standardize problem reporting for civic issues like water, electricity, roads, etc. The goal is to provide political parties, activists, and media a centralized source of data on governance issues to help evaluate performance. Citizens can report issues via the app, which classifies them by location and type. Analytics will monitor the number and location of problems to identify underperforming areas and departments. This is intended to increase transparency and accountability of elected officials and public services.
Low Birth Weight Essay. Online assignment writing service.Casey Black
The document discusses the internment of Japanese Americans during World War 2. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, over 120,000 Japanese Americans on the west coast were forced to leave their homes and live in internment camps. Conditions in the camps were poor, with inadequate housing, food, and medical care. Internees faced violence and harsh treatment, despite the fact that there was no evidence they posed a security threat to the United States. The internment represented a violation of civil rights and caused significant hardship and suffering for Japanese Americans.
The federal Indian policies from 1789 to 1830 under various US presidents ranged from coexistence to forced removal of Native Americans. While there were consistent themes of expansion and removal, approaches to interaction, civilization efforts, and removal tactics changed over time. This period ultimately resulted in major changes to federal policies that displaced many Native American tribes.
This document summarizes a study on rural workforce movers and telecommuters. It finds that 21% of rural households have someone who telecommutes. Telecommuters are more likely to be married, have larger households, and higher incomes. Respondents moved for slower pace of life, safety, and lower costs. However, many noted poor broadband access as a challenge to remaining in their communities or telecommuting. The study aims to help communities understand and attract telecommuters.
VILLAGE PROFILE AND MICRO PLANNING, Etah, Uttar PradeshAnoop K Mishra
This is the report of the Baseline Survey (BLS) of Village- Mubarakpur Nibarua, Block-Sakit, Dist.-Etah, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). It is one of the 107452 identified villages of the Uttar Pradesh. The Survey has been sponsored by a solar energy solutions company Urja Unlimited for exploring development deficit in the availability of electricity for development of basic amenities such as housing, drinking water, sanitary toilets etc. and critical linkages like lightings on roads, schools, banks, markets etc. It also intends to identify artisanal income generating activities for villagers.
1. The document discusses inclusive development and participatory planning efforts in Nanded, India, a city of over 500,000 people. It describes the government's slum upgrading projects that aim to replace kutcha (temporary) houses with permanent pucca houses.
2. It highlights challenges with community engagement and ensuring projects meet community needs. Efforts are being made to establish institutional structures for community representation and involve organizations in participatory workshops.
3. Lessons learned so far indicate a need for greater community involvement from the start of projects, addressing social and cultural factors, and coordinating across departments. Partnerships with NGOs are helping apply new approaches.
The platform promises to offer constituency-level analytics based on citizen complaints. It will provide various visualizations including charts and graphs comparing issues across constituencies over time. Complaints can be categorized into issues related to infrastructure, maintenance, staff, pricing, and awareness. The analytics will help various groups including citizens, businesses, activists, and political parties by identifying best and worst performing areas on key issues. This will allow targeted interventions and assessments of elected representatives.
Rethinking Public Housing: Public PerceptionsIpsos UK
The public are positive about the importance of social housing in England according to an Ipsos MORI poll for the Chartered Institute of Housing.
The survey supports ‘Rethinking social housing’, designed by CIH to spark a national debate about the role and purpose of social housing.
We found 80% agreeing that social housing is important because it helps people on lower incomes get housing which wouldn’t be affordable in the private rented sector. By a margin of 6:1, it is seen as playing an important role in tackling poverty in Britain.
Compared to private renting, social renting is seen favourably in terms of affordability, providing a sense of community and providing prompt repairs. Conversely, private renting is seen as providing a greater degree of choice and privacy and peace from neighbours. Overall, social renting is considered better than private renting by 39% with 29% thinking the opposite.
Sebastian Groh
Our Colombo media workshop was a two-day residential event featuring a combination of background briefings from local and international experts and entrepreneurs on energy markets and developments in the South Asian off-grid sector. The workshop offered an opportunity to explore the Smart Villages concept and study nascent Smart Village projects and relevant technologies from around the world
More info: http://e4sv.org/events/south-asia-media-dialogue-workshop/
Guidance is of a world of learning where resource materials are created, Managed and used in the best interest of students. It is based on the compelling truth that improving quality knowledge is the key to the each and every success.
We are dedicated to provide excellence in education, preparing leaders for a diverse, engaged in research and creative activities that generate new knowledge and applications for effective practice and that foster interdisciplinary approaches to address information challenges.
The document contains the answers from four candidates - Alan Mak (Conservative), Tim Dawes (Green), Dr. Graham Giles (Labour), and Steve Sollitt (Liberal Democrats) - to the last four questions of a 20 question general election survey for the Hayling Island constituency.
The questions addressed support for wind turbines, electoral reform, voter disengagement, and what new law each candidate would enact if elected. The candidates provided differing perspectives based on their party platforms, with the Conservative and UKIP generally opposing wind turbines and reform, while the Green and Labour were more supportive, and views varied on engaging voters and ideal laws.
This document outlines a proposed rule to address India's sanitation problems by providing clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities to all citizens. It notes that currently around 60% of India faces sanitation issues, which can cause diseases and social/economic imbalances. The proposed rule would appoint specialized officers at the state level to enforce cleanliness standards, monitor local councils, and punish noncompliance. It aims to educate the public about their responsibilities and create a cleaner society through strict implementation and accountability. Graphs presented suggest the rule could significantly reduce sanitation issues over time.
LS 5 International Debt in Philippine ContextMichael Gelacio
This document discusses international debt in the Philippine context. It provides objectives for learning about why countries borrow money from foreign creditors, how foreign debts affect a country and its citizens, and how the Philippine government pays its debts. It then presents a dialogue between farmers discussing local infrastructure needs like roads, hospitals, universities, and water treatment. The farmers note that obtaining loans from international organizations could help fund these projects to improve lives. The document frames international borrowing as a means for countries to fund development projects that benefit citizens.
The document discusses the roles of Punjab and Baluch regiments in the 1971 war. It was published on September 2023 with a DOI number and was written by Agha H Amin.
Major Agha H. Amin was commissioned in the old PAVO Cavalry in 1983. He served in various command, staff, research, logistics and instructional positions over his military career. In his civilian career, he performed projects in infrastructure and transmission lines in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. He has authored over 120 books and journals on military topics. The document goes on to describe a battle of Pandu fought by the 4/10 Baluch battalion against India in the 1947-48 Kashmir war, and criticizes the omission of accurate accounts of the battle from official Pakistani military histories.
Battles of Najafgarh , Gangiri and Delhi RidgeAgha A
- The 6th Dragoon Guards regiment arrived in Bengal, India from England in November 1856 and was stationed in Meerut at the time of the 1857 rebellion.
- During the rebellion, the regiment saw action at Ghaziabad, Badli Ki Serai, Delhi, and helped destroy a rebel battery at Eidgah with no reported casualties.
- It lost a few men at the battles of Ghaziabad, Badli Ki Serai, and in minor actions in July 1857 but overall emerged from the rebellion relatively lightly compared to other British units.
- However, the limited historical sources available in Pakistan make it difficult for researchers there to find all details on the regiment's role and casualties during
The battalion was part of an infantry brigade deployed at Sulaimanke Headworks during the 1965 war with India. It saw little serious action as it primarily engaged Indian border police posts that were no match for regular Pakistani army battalions. The battalion suffered only 3 fatal casualties for the entire war, showing it faced little militarily credible opposition. While the battalion performed well, it must be remembered that it faced inferior Indian border police rather than other army units.
This document summarizes the performance of the 9 Punjab battalion during the 1965 war with India. The battalion was part of the 12th Division of the Pakistan Army and was tasked with capturing the town of Chhamb. Despite having significant superiority in tanks and artillery, the 12th Division failed to cross the Tawi River on the first day. The 9th Punjab battalion suffered 15 killed and 31 wounded but managed to form a bridgehead across the Tawi. After the war, the battalion was praised for its performance and received several awards, though its strategic impact was limited due to the overall failure of Operation Grand Slam.
The battalion was deployed as a guard battalion but parts saw action in 1965 war including C Company commanded by Major Anis. C Company withdrew from its position exposing the rear of 16 Punjab to Indian attack, effectively sealing 16 Punjab's fate. C Company's withdrawal doomed 16 Punjab and was described as cowardly and the cause of 16 Punjab's debacle. While most of 8 Punjab saw no action, C Company under Major Anis performed poorly and was to blame for 16 Punjab's defeat.
1) The battalion was deployed as part of 11 Division along the Ravi-Sutlej Corridor according to maps.
2) The battalion faced a brigade-level attack from the Indian army using three infantry battalions and a tank squadron.
3) A captain from the Pakistani artillery played a crucial role by engaging the attacking forces with 60 medium shells, repulsing the Indian attack.
The battalion was deployed in September 1965 as part of Operation Grand Slam, relieving the 13th Punjab battalion near Dalpat-Chak Kirpal. According to Brigadier Rizvi, the battalion attacked towards Fatwal along with 13 Lancers, advancing up to 6 miles near Kasur and suffering 9 killed and 21 wounded. However, records list the battalion as losing either 9, 11, or 10 killed. The battalion had little impact as it joined the war late when the focus had shifted, and did not receive any awards despite actions in the Rann of Kutch prior to the war.
NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT IN 1857-59 BATTLESAgha A
This document provides biographical and career details of Major Agha.H.Amin, who was commissioned in the old PAVO Cavalry in March 1983. It discusses his education, various military and civilian positions held over his career, publications authored, and contact information. The document also briefly describes a study aid about British infantry battalions that participated in the battles of 1857-59 in India, including their roles, operations, casualties, and contributions to the outcome of the war.
More Related Content
Similar to 103044488 volume-18-local-consultations-transoxiana-survey-report
Low Birth Weight Essay. Online assignment writing service.Casey Black
The document discusses the internment of Japanese Americans during World War 2. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, over 120,000 Japanese Americans on the west coast were forced to leave their homes and live in internment camps. Conditions in the camps were poor, with inadequate housing, food, and medical care. Internees faced violence and harsh treatment, despite the fact that there was no evidence they posed a security threat to the United States. The internment represented a violation of civil rights and caused significant hardship and suffering for Japanese Americans.
The federal Indian policies from 1789 to 1830 under various US presidents ranged from coexistence to forced removal of Native Americans. While there were consistent themes of expansion and removal, approaches to interaction, civilization efforts, and removal tactics changed over time. This period ultimately resulted in major changes to federal policies that displaced many Native American tribes.
This document summarizes a study on rural workforce movers and telecommuters. It finds that 21% of rural households have someone who telecommutes. Telecommuters are more likely to be married, have larger households, and higher incomes. Respondents moved for slower pace of life, safety, and lower costs. However, many noted poor broadband access as a challenge to remaining in their communities or telecommuting. The study aims to help communities understand and attract telecommuters.
VILLAGE PROFILE AND MICRO PLANNING, Etah, Uttar PradeshAnoop K Mishra
This is the report of the Baseline Survey (BLS) of Village- Mubarakpur Nibarua, Block-Sakit, Dist.-Etah, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). It is one of the 107452 identified villages of the Uttar Pradesh. The Survey has been sponsored by a solar energy solutions company Urja Unlimited for exploring development deficit in the availability of electricity for development of basic amenities such as housing, drinking water, sanitary toilets etc. and critical linkages like lightings on roads, schools, banks, markets etc. It also intends to identify artisanal income generating activities for villagers.
1. The document discusses inclusive development and participatory planning efforts in Nanded, India, a city of over 500,000 people. It describes the government's slum upgrading projects that aim to replace kutcha (temporary) houses with permanent pucca houses.
2. It highlights challenges with community engagement and ensuring projects meet community needs. Efforts are being made to establish institutional structures for community representation and involve organizations in participatory workshops.
3. Lessons learned so far indicate a need for greater community involvement from the start of projects, addressing social and cultural factors, and coordinating across departments. Partnerships with NGOs are helping apply new approaches.
The platform promises to offer constituency-level analytics based on citizen complaints. It will provide various visualizations including charts and graphs comparing issues across constituencies over time. Complaints can be categorized into issues related to infrastructure, maintenance, staff, pricing, and awareness. The analytics will help various groups including citizens, businesses, activists, and political parties by identifying best and worst performing areas on key issues. This will allow targeted interventions and assessments of elected representatives.
Rethinking Public Housing: Public PerceptionsIpsos UK
The public are positive about the importance of social housing in England according to an Ipsos MORI poll for the Chartered Institute of Housing.
The survey supports ‘Rethinking social housing’, designed by CIH to spark a national debate about the role and purpose of social housing.
We found 80% agreeing that social housing is important because it helps people on lower incomes get housing which wouldn’t be affordable in the private rented sector. By a margin of 6:1, it is seen as playing an important role in tackling poverty in Britain.
Compared to private renting, social renting is seen favourably in terms of affordability, providing a sense of community and providing prompt repairs. Conversely, private renting is seen as providing a greater degree of choice and privacy and peace from neighbours. Overall, social renting is considered better than private renting by 39% with 29% thinking the opposite.
Sebastian Groh
Our Colombo media workshop was a two-day residential event featuring a combination of background briefings from local and international experts and entrepreneurs on energy markets and developments in the South Asian off-grid sector. The workshop offered an opportunity to explore the Smart Villages concept and study nascent Smart Village projects and relevant technologies from around the world
More info: http://e4sv.org/events/south-asia-media-dialogue-workshop/
Guidance is of a world of learning where resource materials are created, Managed and used in the best interest of students. It is based on the compelling truth that improving quality knowledge is the key to the each and every success.
We are dedicated to provide excellence in education, preparing leaders for a diverse, engaged in research and creative activities that generate new knowledge and applications for effective practice and that foster interdisciplinary approaches to address information challenges.
The document contains the answers from four candidates - Alan Mak (Conservative), Tim Dawes (Green), Dr. Graham Giles (Labour), and Steve Sollitt (Liberal Democrats) - to the last four questions of a 20 question general election survey for the Hayling Island constituency.
The questions addressed support for wind turbines, electoral reform, voter disengagement, and what new law each candidate would enact if elected. The candidates provided differing perspectives based on their party platforms, with the Conservative and UKIP generally opposing wind turbines and reform, while the Green and Labour were more supportive, and views varied on engaging voters and ideal laws.
This document outlines a proposed rule to address India's sanitation problems by providing clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities to all citizens. It notes that currently around 60% of India faces sanitation issues, which can cause diseases and social/economic imbalances. The proposed rule would appoint specialized officers at the state level to enforce cleanliness standards, monitor local councils, and punish noncompliance. It aims to educate the public about their responsibilities and create a cleaner society through strict implementation and accountability. Graphs presented suggest the rule could significantly reduce sanitation issues over time.
LS 5 International Debt in Philippine ContextMichael Gelacio
This document discusses international debt in the Philippine context. It provides objectives for learning about why countries borrow money from foreign creditors, how foreign debts affect a country and its citizens, and how the Philippine government pays its debts. It then presents a dialogue between farmers discussing local infrastructure needs like roads, hospitals, universities, and water treatment. The farmers note that obtaining loans from international organizations could help fund these projects to improve lives. The document frames international borrowing as a means for countries to fund development projects that benefit citizens.
Similar to 103044488 volume-18-local-consultations-transoxiana-survey-report (12)
The document discusses the roles of Punjab and Baluch regiments in the 1971 war. It was published on September 2023 with a DOI number and was written by Agha H Amin.
Major Agha H. Amin was commissioned in the old PAVO Cavalry in 1983. He served in various command, staff, research, logistics and instructional positions over his military career. In his civilian career, he performed projects in infrastructure and transmission lines in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. He has authored over 120 books and journals on military topics. The document goes on to describe a battle of Pandu fought by the 4/10 Baluch battalion against India in the 1947-48 Kashmir war, and criticizes the omission of accurate accounts of the battle from official Pakistani military histories.
Battles of Najafgarh , Gangiri and Delhi RidgeAgha A
- The 6th Dragoon Guards regiment arrived in Bengal, India from England in November 1856 and was stationed in Meerut at the time of the 1857 rebellion.
- During the rebellion, the regiment saw action at Ghaziabad, Badli Ki Serai, Delhi, and helped destroy a rebel battery at Eidgah with no reported casualties.
- It lost a few men at the battles of Ghaziabad, Badli Ki Serai, and in minor actions in July 1857 but overall emerged from the rebellion relatively lightly compared to other British units.
- However, the limited historical sources available in Pakistan make it difficult for researchers there to find all details on the regiment's role and casualties during
The battalion was part of an infantry brigade deployed at Sulaimanke Headworks during the 1965 war with India. It saw little serious action as it primarily engaged Indian border police posts that were no match for regular Pakistani army battalions. The battalion suffered only 3 fatal casualties for the entire war, showing it faced little militarily credible opposition. While the battalion performed well, it must be remembered that it faced inferior Indian border police rather than other army units.
This document summarizes the performance of the 9 Punjab battalion during the 1965 war with India. The battalion was part of the 12th Division of the Pakistan Army and was tasked with capturing the town of Chhamb. Despite having significant superiority in tanks and artillery, the 12th Division failed to cross the Tawi River on the first day. The 9th Punjab battalion suffered 15 killed and 31 wounded but managed to form a bridgehead across the Tawi. After the war, the battalion was praised for its performance and received several awards, though its strategic impact was limited due to the overall failure of Operation Grand Slam.
The battalion was deployed as a guard battalion but parts saw action in 1965 war including C Company commanded by Major Anis. C Company withdrew from its position exposing the rear of 16 Punjab to Indian attack, effectively sealing 16 Punjab's fate. C Company's withdrawal doomed 16 Punjab and was described as cowardly and the cause of 16 Punjab's debacle. While most of 8 Punjab saw no action, C Company under Major Anis performed poorly and was to blame for 16 Punjab's defeat.
1) The battalion was deployed as part of 11 Division along the Ravi-Sutlej Corridor according to maps.
2) The battalion faced a brigade-level attack from the Indian army using three infantry battalions and a tank squadron.
3) A captain from the Pakistani artillery played a crucial role by engaging the attacking forces with 60 medium shells, repulsing the Indian attack.
The battalion was deployed in September 1965 as part of Operation Grand Slam, relieving the 13th Punjab battalion near Dalpat-Chak Kirpal. According to Brigadier Rizvi, the battalion attacked towards Fatwal along with 13 Lancers, advancing up to 6 miles near Kasur and suffering 9 killed and 21 wounded. However, records list the battalion as losing either 9, 11, or 10 killed. The battalion had little impact as it joined the war late when the focus had shifted, and did not receive any awards despite actions in the Rann of Kutch prior to the war.
NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT IN 1857-59 BATTLESAgha A
This document provides biographical and career details of Major Agha.H.Amin, who was commissioned in the old PAVO Cavalry in March 1983. It discusses his education, various military and civilian positions held over his career, publications authored, and contact information. The document also briefly describes a study aid about British infantry battalions that participated in the battles of 1857-59 in India, including their roles, operations, casualties, and contributions to the outcome of the war.
The 2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment fought in the 1965 war against India. While it received several gallantry awards, the document argues that its role was exaggerated and it did not actually face most of the major Indian attacks. Only one company saw direct fighting on the first day, and it dispersed against heavy odds. The battalion was deployed away from the main sites of battle and did not face significant enemy forces apart from this initial engagement. Its impact on the decisive Battle of Chawinda was marginal.
This document provides information about Major Agha.H.Amin, including his military and civilian career experiences. It notes that he was commissioned in the old PAVO Cavalry in March 1983, attended Saint Marys Academy Lalazar and Forman Christian College Lahore, and served in various command, staff, research, logistics and instructional positions in the military. It also lists some of his civilian career projects and publications. The document provides his contact email addresses.
1ST BATTALION WARWICKSHIRE REGIMENT IN 1857-59 BATTLES.pdfAgha A
- 1st Battalion HM 8th Foot was stationed in India when the 1857 rebellion broke out. It was involved in securing areas around Delhi.
- At the siege of Delhi in September 1857, it suffered 46 of its total 57 fatal casualties and played a marginal role in the assault.
- Overall it saw minor action in other battles, with limited casualties. The majority of its casualties occurred at the decisive battle of Delhi.
Northumberland Fusiliers in 1857-59 Battles.pdfAgha A
The 1st Battalion of the 5th Regiment of Foot (Northumberland Fusiliers) was stationed in Mauritius when it was called to reinforce British forces in India during the 1857 uprising. The battalion arrived in Calcutta in July and August 1857. It participated in key battles including relieving Arrah where it suffered two casualties, the first relief of Lucknow where it suffered heavy losses and helped ensure the relief's success, the defense of the Lucknow garrison, and operations through 1858. The battalion performed outstandingly and suffered high casualties of 62 men, including five officers killed in action, primarily during the relief of Lucknow. Its role was pivotal in some of the major battles, but relatively minor in others
43 BALUCH IN 1971 AND INDIAN OFFICER WHO SAW THEMAgha A
1) The document analyzes the performance of the 43rd Baluch battalion in the 1971 war, which suffered heavy casualties after being poorly employed by incompetent commanders in the 88th Brigade.
2) When the 5th East Bengal battalion defected to the Indian side, the 43rd Baluch battalion was brought in to replace it, even though they were inexperienced and unprepared for the situation.
3) In an attack by Indian forces guided by defectors, the 43rd Baluch battalion suffered the highest fatalities of any battalion on the western front due to being put into a vulnerable position by the failed leadership of the 88th Brigade commander and 10th Division commander.
Battle of Gangiri-Heavy Price paid by HM 6 Dragoon Guards for Gallantry Agha A
Battle of Gangiri-Heavy Price paid by HM 6 Dragoon Guards for Gallantry https://www.academia.edu/52632772/Battle_of_Gangiri_Heavy_Price_paid_by_HM_6_Dragoon_Guards_for_Gallantry via @academia
4th Punjab Infantry now 9 FF Pakistan Army and 42 Highlanders led the Final ...Agha A
The 4th Punjab Infantry battalion arrived in Calcutta in November 1857, meaning it missed the decisive battles of the war, including the siege of Delhi and the relief and evacuation of Lucknow. The battalion's participation in the battle of Cawnpore was minimal and it suffered no casualties. The battalion played a significant role in the final assault on Lucknow in March 1858, leading the assault on Martiniere with the 4th Punjab Infantry while the 42nd Highlanders and 90th Foot attacked frontally. The British enjoyed overwhelming artillery superiority, evidenced by the 42nd Highlanders suffering only 10 fatal casualties over 10 days of operations culminating in the final capture of Lucknow.
WHY PAKISTAN ARMY OR INDIAN ARMY CAN NEVER PRODUCE A MUSTAFA KAMAL- SOMETHING...Agha A
WHY PAKISTAN ARMY OR INDIAN ARMY CAN NEVER PRODUCE A MUSTAFA KAMAL- SOMETHING SERIOUSLY WRONG IN THE GENES
April 2020
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20723.27689
Project: MILITARY HISTORY
Agha H Amin
Learn SQL from basic queries to Advance queriesmanishkhaire30
Dive into the world of data analysis with our comprehensive guide on mastering SQL! This presentation offers a practical approach to learning SQL, focusing on real-world applications and hands-on practice. Whether you're a beginner or looking to sharpen your skills, this guide provides the tools you need to extract, analyze, and interpret data effectively.
Key Highlights:
Foundations of SQL: Understand the basics of SQL, including data retrieval, filtering, and aggregation.
Advanced Queries: Learn to craft complex queries to uncover deep insights from your data.
Data Trends and Patterns: Discover how to identify and interpret trends and patterns in your datasets.
Practical Examples: Follow step-by-step examples to apply SQL techniques in real-world scenarios.
Actionable Insights: Gain the skills to derive actionable insights that drive informed decision-making.
Join us on this journey to enhance your data analysis capabilities and unlock the full potential of SQL. Perfect for data enthusiasts, analysts, and anyone eager to harness the power of data!
#DataAnalysis #SQL #LearningSQL #DataInsights #DataScience #Analytics
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
STATATHON: Unleashing the Power of Statistics in a 48-Hour Knowledge Extravag...sameer shah
"Join us for STATATHON, a dynamic 2-day event dedicated to exploring statistical knowledge and its real-world applications. From theory to practice, participants engage in intensive learning sessions, workshops, and challenges, fostering a deeper understanding of statistical methodologies and their significance in various fields."
State of Artificial intelligence Report 2023kuntobimo2016
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary field of science and engineering whose goal is to create intelligent machines.
We believe that AI will be a force multiplier on technological progress in our increasingly digital, data-driven world. This is because everything around us today, ranging from culture to consumer products, is a product of intelligence.
The State of AI Report is now in its sixth year. Consider this report as a compilation of the most interesting things we’ve seen with a goal of triggering an informed conversation about the state of AI and its implication for the future.
We consider the following key dimensions in our report:
Research: Technology breakthroughs and their capabilities.
Industry: Areas of commercial application for AI and its business impact.
Politics: Regulation of AI, its economic implications and the evolving geopolitics of AI.
Safety: Identifying and mitigating catastrophic risks that highly-capable future AI systems could pose to us.
Predictions: What we believe will happen in the next 12 months and a 2022 performance review to keep us honest.
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
Traditionally, databases have treated timestamps just as another data type. However, when performing real-time analytics, timestamps should be first class citizens and we need rich time semantics to get the most out of our data. We also need to deal with ever growing datasets while keeping performant, which is as fun as it sounds.
It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
2. 2
Date:7/31/2012
Place of discussion ProvinceFaryab District:Andkoy Village:Libzagh
Participants No of all:8 No of men: 0 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 8 No of business:0
Electrification status Connections exist [ ] Connections don’t exist [√
]
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
- Public connection [Yes] √[No]
- Private (generator) based network [Yes] √[No]
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection?
None of the 8 attendants have connection neither public nor private
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
Public connection is available in nearby Quraish village here not we personally cannot bring it
from that village if government help us we will also pay for it.
Question 4. If there is no electricity connection in the village, do you want to have a
connection?
Yes we have tried several times to extend the line from the nearby Quraish village but the
electricity department official says the existing system transformer can only supply Quraish
village not this village we are Arab nobody care of us.
Why do you want a connection:if you ask yourself or the government bodies ask themselves
they may know them you want it? Everybody knows the benefits of electricity. It is need of
every human being now.
Why do you do not want a connection:we want public connection private will not work for
us and nobody can establish such a big network we all are poor people.
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
We pay the same cost now fuel is cost equal to electricity you need to invest more just for the
first time you get connection.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
3. 3
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:8 ...] [Perhaps: ...] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
If the electricity comes to our village we support it in all the way we can if it goes to other
village passing our village without connecting our village then nobody have to support. They
still can do so because we do not have power to prevent them from doing so.
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure :
Paid by government
By contractor 8
Separate
Prior to start 8
after
We want the contractor or those who give money ( the country) to pay us in case we are
losing assets because government may not pay us letter.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people agree Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura 8 Our representative presence is a must
Government
New shura
other
CDC 3
CDC is good but sometimes influenced by government authorities, we prefer our own
representative the Mula of our Mosque who can represent us with two more elders.
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
Nothing
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation 8
electricity
supply
Danger from electricity
There no problem with electricity itself but the problems are with the people who do the
project they give electricity to those they want and leave other out.
If it really come to Libzagh everyone in this village will like it and support it.
4. 4
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
We have handicaps and women headed household may be 4 women headed house hold are
here in this village but all the people are poorest of the poor.
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Poor
Handicap 2 They need compensation (reasonable) and extra cost because they need
to pay another person prepare their daily needs.
Women 4 Women headed household should get their compensation here in the
village prior to the project and should be calculated for the cost of the
properties lost and cost of preparation of new so such.
They can be supported well with credit because most of them can wave
carpet so they can increase their income with making carpet by their
own then they can control the cost.
FARYAB PROVINCE
Khan I Chahar Bagh District
ARABSHAH AREA
6. 6
Place of discussion ProvinceFaryab District:Andkhoy Village:ChackmanBala
village
Participants No of all:6 No of men: 6 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 6 No of business:0
Electrification status Connections exist [ yes ] Connections don’t exist [ ]
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
- Public connection [Yes] √[No]
- Private (generator) based network [Yes]√ [No]
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection? [No of persons:
No network exist here neither public nor private
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
Electricity does not exist here
Question 4. If there is no electricity connection in the village, do you want to have a
connection?
[No of persons who want a connection: male:....... female:.......]
Why do you want a connection: a public connection already exist want but is very weak and
most of the time does went off want this one to be improved.
[No of persons who do not want a connection: male:...... female:......]
Why do you do not want a connection:Electricity is a mean for easy and good live as well
as for better education health, improved economy we have the experience that those who has
it before us has much better live than us.
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
All the people in this village want it in case they do not have and will pay for fee there is 4500
Afs. Standard cost but you have to pay more because of hidden reasons but people want it
because they do not have other option. Electricity is life.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:√ ...] [Perhaps: ...] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
7. 7
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
Such projects are always good but we do not take it serous because most of the time
government and Mosesa( NGO) say but they do not do)
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure :
Paid by government 3 Out of 10
By contractor 5 Out of 10
Separate 2
Prior to start 10 Out of 10
after
There are different situation contractor is good people can influence them.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people agree Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura 4 It is good for marginalized groups
Government 2 Maybe good or bad
New shura 4 Good if informed well
other
CDC
Tribal shura is always good because every tribal will have their representative that can
advocate for them.
Government is good but if do not want than who can influence them? Nobody
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
Do we need for more cost like renewed connection for the improved one. Most important will
it take place in reality?
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation 7 out of 10
electricity
supply
Danger from electricity
A new organization like
contractor
This has to certify that people will get compensation they have to
advocate for people here to Kabul and insure they will pay if not
paid.
People as always will give land but compensation is may be not equal to all. May be for reach
and power holders.
8. 8
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
Here in this village about 3 handicap and more poor people are living who know there house
will be destroyed? in case such happens they should get compensation ready for us like a new
constructed house because construction difficult for them even if you pay the cost.
It is better not to expropriate land and house of such people they will not get compensation
from government.
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Poor 8 Give reasonable compensation and facilitate resentment ( the
governmental process) if not affected employ them
Handicap 3 Give good compensation ( cost+ cost for preparation of new settlement)
employment and may be introduce to other social services
Women 4 Compensation and cost for a worker who has to look after new
settlement process they can not go to government offices in most of the
time
9. 9
Jowzjan Province
Sakhi Abad Area
Date:8/3/2012
Place of discussion ProvinceJuzjan District:Sheberghan Village:Sakhiabad village
Participants No of all:7 No of men: 7 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 0 No of business:7
Electrification status Connections exist [ yes ] Connections don’t exist [ ]
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
- Public connection √[Yes] [No]
- Private (generator) based network [Yes]√ [No]
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection? [6 have public connection 1 has nothing?)
All the attendants have public connection out of it 2 have connection but not electricity since
6 months they have been connected but could not use it since it is very weak in this area.
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
Samad does not have connection because his brother has it but does not work in this area so
he prepared not to have it until it improves.
Question 4. If there is no electricity connection in the village, do you want to have a
connection?
There is no question if one does not have electricity because he or she does not want it
everybody wants it but is not affordable for some people as we have such people here in our
neighboring area called Mahajerabad(refuges) they do not have electricity because they
cannot pay for it first for connection and then for operation and nobody wants to give them
connection because they are Jogies and are very marginalized.
Why do you want a connection:electricity improves your daily life in house, you can work
with it as shopkeeper, and skilled people can find job with there is electricity?
Murad the young man says he is plumber he pay one third of his income to purchase fuel
generator the second third for his labor who work for him only one third remain which do not
full file his daily expenses, he need return for the investment he did and has been hopping that
public electricity will improve. According to his estimate if he can work with public
electricity he will make two times more income comparing to now because the cost of public
connection in cheaper.
10. 10
1 person does not want connection if it is the same.
Why do you do not want a connection:one person says if it is such weak as now he does not
want it in case it improve than he wants it because without no life without electricity.
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
Those who do have connection will pay for fee there is 5000Afs. Standard cost but you have
to pay more because of hidden reasons still people want it because they do not have other
option. Electricity is life.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:5 ...] [Perhaps: 2.] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
It is good we want it and will agree with any responsibility for us. We think we will not lose
our properties because the system already exists.
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure :
Paid by government
By contractor 7
Separate
Prior to start 7
after
If the contractor does not pay people will prevent them from doing work so it is better to be
paid by the contractor.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people agree Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura
Government
New shura 7 People of a specific area can appoint
some of their people to represent them.
These group can be trusted
other
CDC
Here we are from different tribes we prepare to appoint some people from our area who can
represent us better and we can trust them more than other shura or government.
Government is good but if they do want to pay you than you are missed.
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
11. 11
Do we need to pay extra money since we have already connection?
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation
electricity
supply Maybe not fair
Danger from electricity
Even if it improve all people may not benefit equally has it has been the case now.
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
In this area we have 4 handicaps and maybe 5 women headed household, all the people think
they are poor.
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Poor 8 Give reasonable compensation and facilitate resentment ( the
governmental process) if not affected employ them
Handicap 3 Employ them in project or consider more supportive initiative like
empowering handicaps as other NGOs do.
Women 4 Vocation training or access to credit can be good support to them
15. 15
Date:8/3/2012
Place of discussion ProvinceJuzjan District:Khoja-Doku Village:from 3 villages
Participants No of all:8 No of men: 8 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 8 No of business:0
Electrification status Connections exist [ No ] Connections don’t exist [ ]
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
- Public connection [Yes]√ [No]
- Private (generator) based network √[Yes] [No]
16. 16
These people are from three different villages of Khojadoku districts came to Sheberghan for
shopping.
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection? [No of persons:
In one out three village there has been a private connection does not coving all the houses in
the village come people have connection from it in the beginning it was good now they can
not provide good services so most of people cut the connection.
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
For those who had connection in the beginning and now does not have it the reason was bad
service provision and too much higher cost. For those who have notever had a connection the
reason is the cost was not affordable for them, mostly poor people.
Question 4. If there is no electricity connection in the village, do you want to have a
connection?
Everybody want to have a connection to public connection since there are hope that it will
improve one day even if it is not good now.:
Why do you want a connection:electricity is one of the most impotent mean for life today
without that you are in lower position among other people. We want electricity for clean and
easy life, for health for education for jobs if you have electricity you can work for longer
hours, you can employ yourself with the skills you have, you can learn more and even for
security overnight it will help us.
Why do you do not want a connection:we want public connection; all the people in village
want it even if it is expensive to pay for because if you want to make a connection
individually in the future you have to pay 4 time more comparing to working with others
together.(Getting connected to public electricity network in the beginning is easy and less
costive because local people are not much involve)
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
We will pay even more than 5000 AFs to get connected it does not mean that we are reach,
because that is our extreme need fuel for lighting is more problematic and sometimes more
expensive than the electricity.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:6 ...] [Perhaps: 2.] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
We want the project but not to be harm to us as we will lose houses and land but other people
will benefit. If one or two person in our village loss their properties we can convince them in
case they are getting reasonable compensation.
17. 17
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure :
Paid by government
By contractor 8 Out of 8
Separate
Prior to start
after
The contractor is good they are expected to pay the cost in time and as much as the have to
get or according to properties cost. For government we are not sure.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people
agree
Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura 4 It is good for marginalized groups
Government Maybe good or bad
New shura Good if informed well
A new Mosesa(NGO, company) 4 who has to be overall responsible and
insure that people well get paid
CDC
Tribal shura is in village and are our people but in most of the cases they are also not effective
enough because money is with government. If the bank or government want the money reach
the real people they have to give to the implementer they will pay otherwise they can get let
or contract with a new company who has to insure that if people are not getting in time they
will pay and if government or other people are not paying the cost as per the property cost
they will depend people in where they need it.
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
Will people get the compensation? Will it be extended to all remote villages? How much we
have to pay for connection. Who will pay cost of extension to houses?
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation 8
electricity
supply
Danger from electricity
We are not sure if the people are not getting compensation for the properties they lost prior to
the project implementation they will get it after. So it is a must that they get paid before.
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
We do not remember well but definitely there are pretend there are 10 handicap 5 widows and
15 very poor people maybe more.
18. 18
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Poor 15 Give properties directly to them and employ them in project
Handicap 10 Pay them directly and 6 months prior to destroying their house in case
of agriculture properties pay more cost comparing to a normal person
Women/
women
headed
5 House will be very difficult for them if they loses. Agriculture
properties pay them for the cost of harvest and for cost that they will
prepare the required good from Bazar like transportation and labour cost
Jowzjan Province
Khoja Doku Rahat Abad Village
Date:8/4/2012
Place of discussion ProvinceJuzjan District:KhojaDoku Village:Rahatabadvillage
Participants No of all:2 No of men: 2 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 2 No of business:0
Electrification status Connections exist [ yes ] Connections don’t exist [ ]
19. 19
MulaNazar is the head of the CDC and Mula of the Mosuqe in front of a shop three people
said if Mula Sahib Nazar present he can represent all of us.
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
- Public connection √ [Yes] [No]
- Private (generator) based network [Yes] √[No]
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection?
All the people in this village has a public connection and is very economic even now the
electricity is weak but if it improve it is very good.
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
Just new constructed houses out of this village does not have connection, those people can
also get connection when all the families in that area get ready.
Question 4.The existing houses are connected and the new constructed houses can be
connected because the owners want to pay and the electricity department normally gives
connection to new houses although it is not allowed because the existing one cannot supply
more house but here local relation works.
Why do you want a connection:mainly for lighting but people can do more with electricity
like they can start small producing business with it. Electricity improve carpet waving since
women can work for extended time during the night.
Why do you do not want a connection:people want it although it is weak a and just 4h in 24
hr but people hope it will improve one day.
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
Yes people pay even higher for connection since it is accepted now. A monthly expense is up
to you. You can control it.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:6 ...] [Perhaps: ...] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
See the existing line it has come with people support we are ready to support it if any
properties loses government can and will compensate it.
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure :
Paid by government 1
By contractor 1
Separate
Prior to start 2
20. 20
after
Government and contractor both are ok but prior to start working on the project.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people agree Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura
Government 1
New shura
other
CDC 2 In the previous project I represented the village there
where many problems in compensation. At that time
compensation was not acceptable when government
wanted to implemented a project you should get ready
nobody got compensation now as you said there a new
law that people can claim for it so it is good
We should know how compensation is estimated and how much in a special case.
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
Nothing
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation 1
electricity
supply
Danger from electricity
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
In this village there are handicaps and women headed household we do not know the exact
number may be 5 handicaps and 7 women headed household. We have many poor people who
need support. Some are very poor as if they lose their houses they will die such people are 12
families living in one area to the south they returned just 3 years before from Pakistan.
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Poor 12
Handicap 5 Reasonable compensation plus 6months food and living cost.
Women 7 Good compensation ( cost of house and relocation cost) plus 6 months
food cost and living cost.
23. 23
Date:7/31/2012
Place of discussion ProvinceJuzjan District:Sheberghan Village:Bakawol village
Participants No of all:10 No of men: 10 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 10 No of business:0
Electrification status Connections exist [ yes ] Connections don’t exist [ ]
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
- Public connection √[Yes] [No]
- Private (generator) based network [Yes] [No]
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection? [No of persons:
All the people living in this village has public network. Private network does not exist at all
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
24. 24
Question 4. If there is no electricity connection in the village, do you want to have a
connection?
Electricity exist just needs to be strengthen
Why do you want a connection: a public connection already exists want but is very weak
and most of the time does go off want this one to be improved?
All 10 of the attendants want it in case they did not have it.
Why do you do not want a connection:Electricity is a mean for easy and good live as well
as for better education health, improved economy we have the experience that those who has
it before us has much better live than us.
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
All the people in this village want it in case they do not have and will pay for fee there is 4500
Afs. Standard cost but you have to pay more because of hidden reasons but people want it
because they do not have other option. Electricity is life.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:√ ...] [Perhaps: ...] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
Such projects are always good but we do not take it serous because most of the time
government and Mosesa( NGO) say but they do not do)
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure :
Paid by government 3 Out of 10
By contractor 5 Out of 10
Separate 2
Prior to start 10 Out of 10
after
There are different situation contractor is good people can influence them.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people agree Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura 4 It is good for marginalized groups
Government 2 Maybe good or bad
New shura 4 Good if informed well
other
CDC
Tribal shura is always good because every tribal will have their representative that can
advocate for them.
25. 25
Government is good but if do not want than who can influence them? Nobody
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
Do we need for more cost like renewed connection for the improved one. Most important will
it take place in reality?
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation 7 out of 10
electricity
supply
Danger from electricity
A new organization like
contractor
This has to certify that people will get compensation they have to
advocate for people here to Kabul and insure they will pay if not
paid.
People as always will give land but compensation is may be not equal to all. May be for reach
and power holders.
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
Here in this village about 3 handicap and more poor people are living who know there house
will be destroyed? in case such happens they should get compensation ready for us like a new
constructed house because construction difficult for them even if you pay the cost.
It is better not to expropriate land and house of such people they will not get compensation
from government.
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Poor 8 Give reasonable compensation and facilitate resentment ( the
governmental process) if not affected employ them
Handicap 3 Give good compensation ( cost+ cost for preparation of new settlement)
employment and may be introduce to other social services
Women 4 Compensation and cost for a worker who has to look after new
settlement process they can not go to government offices in most of the
time
27. 27
Participants No of all:5 No of men: 5 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 5 No of business:0
Electrification status Connections exist [ yes ] Connections don’t exist [ ]
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
- Public connection √[Yes] [No]
- Private (generator) based network [Yes] [No]
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection? [No of persons:
All people in this village have electricity but the neighboring village called Zibdgh does not
have it.
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
All the families have electricity in this village but there are houses which do not have
electricity officially although they are benefiting from it.
The new constructed houses about 3 do not have electricity because the connection fee and
the is high not the real cost but some other cost are there.
Question 4. If there is no electricity connection in the village, do you want to have a
connection?
Here we have connection and the new constructed house can be connected unofficially.
Why do you want a connection:we have public connection but we can say not electricity
because it comes sometimes may be 5 h in 24 h; which is very weak. Electricity is a need for
every human being you can produce with it, you can have good life , education and even
security.
5 person attendants have the same idea.
Why do you do not want a connection:everybody wants it.
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
As we have been paying since the connection made we will in future even if there are some
problem but if the cost is increasing as such we will finally cut it.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:√ ...] [Perhaps: ...] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
28. 28
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
We do not believe many people came and promised projects but no news yet.
If the electricity comes and the cost is reasonable everybody wants it. The fee for connection
and consuming cost now is although high comparing to what people can afford but there is no
other option.
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure:
Paid by government 1 Out of 5
By contractor 4 Out of 5
Separate 0
Prior to start 0
after
People can prevent contractor from work if they are not getting paid.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people agree Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura 4 It is good for marginalized groups
Government
New shura
other
CDC
If we have Mula Sahib in the shura who represent us we feel confident he is from us .we do
not believe other people from outside.
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
Still do not believe this project will come. Many people came and said the same all people are
looking for their own food, say lye. If it comes it is good but government (has to make sure
there is not more hidden costs for electricity and other services when one want to get. come
Do not come again here if other people (Taliban) learned you came they will also come to
search you.
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation 5 out of 5
electricity
supply
Danger from electricity
We can talk about when we knew the project is coming (our NSP money was stolen by
Mosesa and representatives)
29. 29
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
All the people in this village are poor. For those losing their houses you have to pay one year
prior to destroying their house in case required for the project.
People can find land for constructing new house, they need to get compensation. For the
vulnerable groups each has its own problem focus on each one.
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Poor 40 Give compensation prior to the project implementation
Handicap 5 Give compensation more than the normal poor people
Women 10 Give compensation and a monthly supporting card for distributing
wheat rice and others.
31. 31
Date:8/5/2012
Place of discussion ProvinceMazar District:Dehdadi Village:Saleh Abad village
Participants No of all:6 No of men: 6 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 6 No of business:0
Electrification status Connections exist [ yes ] Connections don’t exist [ ]
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
- Public connection √ [Yes] [No]
- Private (generator) based network [Yes] √[No]
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection?
32. 32
4 out of 6 have public connection only those whose house is located far from the main village
or in some places small and remote village do not have public connection. Here but in other
districts like Chemtal and charbolak there is not electricity at all.
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
Those houses which are scattered in agriculture farms do not have public or any private
connection.
Question 4. If there is no electricity connection in the village, do you want to have a
connection?
Those who do not have connection are now working get connection they want to pay for the
extension some more cost and get connected
Why do you want a connection:general public connection does exists for those who do not
have public connection they would like to get it and they can pay for it.
Why do you do not want a connection: all not connected people want to get public
connection.
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
Here everybody would like to have connection private does not exist here since people think
in next two year all the people can get connection.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:6 ...] [Perhaps: ...] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
All the people support the project even if there is loses of properties. It can improve our life
and is social dignity.
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure :
Paid by government 3
By contractor 3
Separate
Prior to start
after
Government and contractor both are ok but prior to start working on the project.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people agree Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura
Government 3
New shura
33. 33
other
CDC 3
If everything is clear and people know how the compensation was estimated and will be paid,
prior to start working on the project makes it easy.
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
Nothing
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation 6
electricity
supply
Danger from electricity
If the line comes through the way it had come before. There may be security problems since
most of that areas are ruled by Taliban or at least at night they are active even it have not
happen now that Taliban destroy the line to Balkh but there during the implementation there
may be some problem or ( during Najibs Time there were many problems as Mujahidin had
cut electricity and gaz pipe several time)
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
In this village there are handicaps and women headed household we do not know the exact
number may be 3 handicaps and 4 women headed household. ( here we have poor but not as
you said <<not very poor>>)
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Poor
Handicap 3 Fair compensation prior to implementing the project is good solution
farther more you can employ them in project
Women 4 Good compensation and government can cover them through NGO
service for empowering them by learning skills.
35. 35
Balkh_Province
Balkh_Omeri area
Date:8/05/2012
Place of discussion ProvinceMazar District:Balkh Village:Omerevillage
Participants No of all:6 No of men: 6 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 6 No of business:0
Electrification status Connections exist [ ] Connections don’t exist [ √
]
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
36. 36
- Public connection [Yes]√ [No]
- Private (generator) based network [Yes] √[No]
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection? [No of persons:
None of the people have any of the connection.
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
Public connection is not available here although the line for Balkh district center passes over
their village but they care not connected because government says a second line needs to
come from Balkh to their village then they will be connected from this line it is not possible.
Question 4. If there is no electricity connection in the village, do you want to have a
connection?
Everybody (all 6 attended the discussion) without exception wants to be connected to public
network.
Why do you want a connection:Electricity is for everything today from easy life to
education to, health, job creation, security, keeping our agriculture products for longer time.
We do not know anyone in our village who does want to be connected to public network.
Why do you do not want a connection: 2 person out of 6 want to be connected to a private
network as well if it is available but the rest says not private network is just for lightning we
can do that with solar but it does not work for fan for freezer, cannot create jobs.
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
We can pay fee which more than 5000 Afs and the operation cost is up to us if we spent less
we pay less if we spent more we pay more but those who spent more may also make money
because they use it for shop, for carpet waving, for computer work for people, so they do
business with it.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:6 ...] [Perhaps: ...] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
We support this project, we will support in terms of securing the area during project
implementation, ifproperties are required to be destroyed as it happened while the line goes to
Balkh center, if we are getting compensation there is no problem people will let them destroy
their properties.
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure :
Paid by government 2
By contractor 4
Separate
37. 37
Prior to start
after
The last experience show that compensation through government is very difficult so we
prepare that the company do themselves because they are in the field every day until the
project completion we contact them as well as influence them.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people agree Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura 4 Our representative are our people and
they live here so the will depend us
more than everybody else.
Government 1
New shura 1
other
CDC
Tribal shura is always good because every tribal will have their representative that can
advocate for them.
Government is good but if do not want than who can influence them? Nobody
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
Do we need for more cost like renewed connection for the improved one. Most important will
it take place in reality?
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation 6
electricity
supply
Danger from electricity
Compensation had been an problematic in previous project as well special through
government this problem has to be considered. Compensating prior to the project
implementation is a good way as people can get their right with doing so.
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
In this village we have 3 person men handicaps and 5 women headed house. Poor is difficult
there are more people who come in this category.
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Handicap 3 Compensate their properties they lost and give them employment during
the project implementation.Compensation has to be more than what the
property costs because resettling also cost more they are disabled if they
38. 38
want to go somewhere or bring food items from city it cost more for
them than an normal person.
Women 5 Women headed house hold has more problems because in most cases
they cannot go to government to claim for their compensation,
purchasing from Bazar is difficult for them and it is difficult to control
weather they are getting the same amount or not so they has to get more
higher compensation to recover other costs as well. If possible give
them credit they can do business with it.
Balkh Province
Mazar Zerrat Area
Date:8/5/2012
Place of discussion ProvinceBalkh District:Mazar Village:Project Zeraat area
Participants No of all:6 No of men: 6 No of women:
Type of group No of private: 0 No of business:6
39. 39
Electrification status Connections exist [ yes ] Connections don’t exist [ ]
Question 1: Do you have already electricity in the village / living area?
- Public connection √[Yes] [No]
- Private (generator) based network [Yes] [No]
Question 2: If one or two [yes] in question 1 who out of this group has a public or private
connection? [No of persons:
All six shopkeepers has public network connection.
Question 3: If one or two [yes] in question 1 what is the reason for those persons who do not
have any electricity connection for not applying?
Question 4. If there is no electricity connection in the village, do you want to have a
connection?
Electricity does exist what has to be done is to improve it that the people have longer hours
and strong electricity.
Why do you want a connection:a public connection already exists we need just longer hours
electricity.
All 6 male shop keepers have public connection. Electricity is for live for health for education
for culture and media we can work longer hours when there is electricity overnight, we can
keep some of our food items in refrigerator which is not possible now and electricity is a
mean if you would like to have small factory even in village.
Why do you do not want a connection:
Question 5: For those who want a connection: If you have to pay only for installation a fee,
do you still want such a connection and can you pay for such a connection?
As everywhere in Afghanistan you have to pay more or higher cost for connection or
sometimes you are getting high charge than what you spent in a month but do have to accept
it because you do not have other alternative.
Question 6: If persons still want the connection: What’s about the electricity fees? You
would have to pay each kWh consumed a certain amount.
Up to per kWh 1.5 up to 300 kWh, from 301-700 kWh 4 AFs and more than that is 6 Afs
Can you pay for this? Number of answers [Yes:6 ...] [Perhaps: ...] .......[No: ...]
For concerned villages / neighborhoods:
Please explain: The project will construct new electricity lines. It could happen that the line
will cross your land and even your house although this is almost unlikely. However, it could
be possible that the project needs a piece of your land and would also damage some of your
crops. For the damages and the land needed you will get full compensation in cash.
Question 7: Reactions (positive-negative) with regard to the project in general:
The is a very good project we have to be implemented as soon as possible
Question 8: Proposals for the expropriation and compensation procedure:
Paid by government
By contractor 6
40. 40
Separate
Prior to start
after
Contractor who implement the project or other company who get special contract and be
certified by government or the implementing company that they will make clear all
compensation and will pay prior to the project start.
Question 9: Who should supervise the expropriation and compensation in order to ensure a
fair and transparent procedure?
No people agree Common idea
DDA
Tribal Shura
Government
New shura 6 Good if informed well we shopkeeper
can have our own shura
other
CDC
Interest group shura as shopkeeper shura we learnt from NGOs we can work for ourselves and
depend the right of each other.
It is possible to be compensation through government but nobody can insure transparency and
that the people who loss asset will get compensation (everybody know government)
Question 10: Which questions do people have about the project?
We will not loss our properties in implementation of this project but will be able to improve
our business.
Question 11: About what would people be afraid with regard to the project, expropriation,
compensation, electricity supply, danger from electricity itself, etc.?
expropriation
compensation
electricity
supply
Danger from electricity
No doubt the existing line come and here has been electricity since 30 years we know it is
beneficial.
Question 12. Are there any most vulnerable groups of the population and how could they be
assisted specifically in case of expropriation/compensation?
In this area there are handicaps and widows but we do not think they will loss there asset
because the line passes in an area which is governmental land and is open area.
Many thanks for participating in the discussion
Vulnerable groups:
Number How to be assisted
Poor
41. 41
Handicap 5 Monthly payment for handicap family to support them we do not think
they will loss properties.
Women 10 Conduct vocational training and give credit