The document contains 70 true/false questions about various medical conditions and appropriate exercise programming considerations for each. It addresses conditions such as cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, chronic kidney disease, HIV/AIDS, fibromyalgia, blood disorders, spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, muscular dystrophies, dementia, depression, and others. The key factors discussed include safety precautions, appropriate exercise modes and intensities, progression guidelines, and goals for each medical population.

1. 1. Changes from a structured exercise program can result in
many positive factors, including exercise capacity, mobility of
chest wall and skeletal development.
a. True b. False
2. Exercise programming for CF clients with mild to moderate
cystic fibrosis (FEV1 65% to 50% predicted) include the
following: prevention of lung deterioration, optimization of
chest mobility and clearance techniques, and improvement of
peripheral muscle function.
a. True b. False
3. Patients with PH have a reduced stroke volume and
pulmonary vascular resistance, causing the following
conditions: reduced ability to increase cardiac output, reduced
overall exercise capacity, reduced VO2peak, reduced peripheral
oxygen uptake.
a. True b. False
4. Patients with PH can undertake an exercise program though
evidence-based protocols are limited.
a. True b. False
5. Avoid exercising to the point of distressing symptoms; take
particular caution if light-headedness or dizziness has occurred.
a. True b. False
6. The underlying cause of PH (lung, heart, or other disease)
does not really have a significant impact on response to exercise
training.

2. a. True b. False
7. No exercise prescription recommendations for PH with any
known etiology have been developed.
a. True b. False
8. Effects of liver disease on exercise include marked reduction
in exercise capacity due to diminished muscular strength as the
disease progresses.
a. True b. False
9. Symptoms that can occur during exercise include: early onset
of fatigue, low maximal heart rate(s), and overall reduction in
physical activity.
a. True b. False
10. CKD and CLD research have shown that exercise
contributes to the following improvements: more energy, less
limitation in physical functioning, and improved quality of life.
a. True b. False
11. Exercise training after kidney transplants results in
significant improvements in VO2peak and muscle strength.
a. True b. False
12. Exercise training is safe for individuals with HIV and AIDS
who are medically stable.
a. True b. False
13. Aerobic exercise at low to moderate intensities does not

3. increase the prevalence of additional infections, does not
increase viral load, and actually increases CD4+ T-cell count.
a. True b. False
14. Exercise training demonstrates enhanced physical
functioning, cardiovascular and muscular endurance, health-
related quality of life, and general well-being.
a. True b. False
15. In exercise programming, the key to training is low -
intensity exercise 3 days per week with slower than usual
progression.
a. True b. False
16. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a debilitating medical
condition that lasts for a minimum of 12 months.
a. True b. False
17. Post exercise malaise normally lasts up to 72 hours after
session.
a. True b. False
18. The goal of exercise programming is to prevent further
deconditioning and attaining 60 min/week of exercise.
a. True b. False
19. Progression should focus on increasing the duration of
moderate intensity activities.
a. True b. False

4. 20. Musculoskeletal symptoms and fatigue affect exercise
response.
a. True b. False
21. Symptoms of Fibromyalgia can include: morning stiffness,
exaggerated delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), poor
recovery from exercise, and difficulty with use of the arms in
elevated positions
a. True b. False
22. For exercise, use of a standard cycle is the best form of
exercise.
a. True b. False
23. It is best to avoid evening exercise sessions.
a. True b. False
24. Avoid sustained overhead activities due to rotator cuff
impingement and muscle weakness.
a. True b. False
25. Exercise programs for Fibromyalgia should follow low - to
moderate-intensity exercise.
a. True b. False
26. Exercise should be done fewer than 5 days per w eek
initially, then progressing slowly to 270 min/week.
a. True b. False

5. 27. Warm water exercise programs provide social support and
lower risk of adverse musculoskeletal effects.
a. True b. False
28. Inadequate clotting (hemorrhage), thrombocyto penia, von
Willebrand hemophilia lead to deficiencies in clotting factors
and excessive bleeding.
a. True False
29. In exercise testing, persons with high platelet counts should
not perform high-resistance strength exercises.
a. True b. False
30. When developing an exercise program in the case of
coagulation factor deficiencies, it is important to minimize joint
trauma and weight bearing with activities such as swimming and
stationary cycling.
a. True b. False
31. Exercise in this population should be of moderate intensity,
with resistance training 30 minutes, 3 times per week, for 8 to
15 repetitions with emphasis on core and lower-extremity
strength.
a. True b. False
32. Spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and
stroke (CVA) are very similar and contribute to common
neurological outcomes.
a. True b. False

6. 33. SCI, CVA, and TBI might contribute to these: gross
muscular atrophy, increased intramuscular fat, shift from
oxidative to non-oxidative muscle fibers that are insulin
resistant, and metabolic syndrome.
a. True b. False
34. Exercise training results in improvements in these areas:
aerobic capacity and cardiovascular disease risk, glucose
tolerance, brain blood flow and brain function, muscle function,
mobility and bone health.
a. True b. False
35. Exercise programming in this population requires safety
first: fall risk, clearance, and mobility.
a. True b. False
36. Diseases affecting peripheral nerves, muscle, and the
neuromuscular junction have been well studied with regard to
exercise.
a. True b. False
37. Current practice includes exercise to assist in strengthening
deconditioned and weak muscles.
a. True b. False
38. Exercise supervision is important in selecting the best
exercises for the individual's needs, and exercise programming

7. should be gradual and client-centered.
a. True b. False
39. Core strength and endurance are particularly important in
myopathies due to weak proximal (shoulder and arm, pelvic and
thigh) musculature.
a. True b. False
40. Cerebral Palsy is a group of common childhood-onset motor
disorders due to permanent disturbances in the developing fetal
or infant brain.
a. True b. False
41. Response to movement and exercise is: energy required to
walk is increased and the aerobic economy of walking is
decreased.
a. True b. False
42. Goals for exercise include: maintain mobility, increase
physical activity, counteract a sedentary lifestyle that
predisposes to cardio-metabolic disease, reduce the physical and
time burdens on caregivers, and improve the quality of life.
a. True b. False
43. Adaptations for aerobic activities are necessary depending

8. on age and GMFCS level; however, in most cases, working
toward a goal of 150 minutes per week is desirable.
a. True b. False
44. When designing an exercise program, consider upper limb
strengthening with adaptations where suitable; contraindicated
in level V children or adults.
a. True b. False
45. Types of MS that are currently observed include, but are not
limited to, relapsing-remitting: symptoms appear and disappear
with no progression of disease.
a. True b. False
46. Activity is limited in MS patients due to the nature of the
disease, causing these responses to exercise: dyspnea on
exertion. Weakness and easy fatigability, and low thermal stress
tolerance.
a. True b. False
47. Exercise should begin at low levels using a familiar activity
and be gradually increased.
a. True b. False
48. Parkinson's disease involves the extrapyramidal part of the
nervous system, causing impairment in motor function.

9. a. True b. False
49. Symptoms do not occur until loss of these dopaminergic
cells is greater than 50%, with noticeable change in movement
when starting out walking.
a. True b. False
50. Testing for musculoskeletal aspects, gait, and physical
functioning for ADLs include, but are not limited to: pull test
and sit-to-stand.
a. True b. False
51. Muscular dystrophies are a very diverse group of
myopathies that usually are apparent in youth.
a. True b. False
52. It is believed that MD is caused by a deficiency or reduced
expression of the muscle protein dystrophin due to deletions or
point mutations in the dystrophin gene.
a. True b. False
53. Conflicting aspects for exercise for a client with DMD or
BMD may result in speeding up the decline.
a. True b. False
54. Risk that muscular activity will provoke delayed-onset

10. muscle soreness (DOMS) and initiate the normal remodeling
process of muscle in someone who has a faulty ability to rebuild
muscle is also of great concern.
a. True b. False
55. Exercise programming should consist of light- to moderate-
intensity activities in a warm setting.
a. True b. False
56. Frequency of exercise should be 5 or 6 days per week for 60
minutes maximum.
a. True b. False
57. Dementia is a set of symptoms that include deterioration in
memory, thinking, or behavior that is severe enough to interfere
with daily life.
a. True b. False
58. Alzheimer's disease is most prevalent, with Amyloid
plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain which are
hallmarks of the disease.
a. True b. False
59. Medications used can affect balance and coordination.
a. True b. False

11. 60. Exercise training has been shown to improve physical
functioning, increase cardiorespiratory fitness, and slow or
reverse disability in basic ADLs.
a. True b. False
61. Exercises that target leg strength, balance, and range of
motion are important as they minimize the loss of muscle mass
and reduce risk for falls.
a. True b. False
62. Exercise may be better tolerated during evening hours.
a. True b. False
63. Create an environment that is as familiar as possible.
a. True b. False
64. Familiar music can help clients relax and reduce anxiety or
distress.
a. True b. False
65. Using verbal cues is preferred; exercise instructions with
figures or numbers at exercise stations can help clients' memory
and allow them to feel more proficient.
a. True b. False

12. 66. Efficacy of exercise compares favorably with that of
antidepressant medications for mild to moderate depression.
a. True b. False
67. Gather a thorough medical history and listing of current
medications because some may reduce functional aerobic
capacity, affect perception and coordination, or reduce the
desire to be physically active.
a. True b. False
68. In some cases, psychomotor retardation can cause a visible
slowing of motor movements and reaction times.
a. True b. False
69. Regular aerobic exercise is not effective when compared
pharmacotherapy treatments in mild to moderate depression.
a. True b. False
70. Overall, achieve at least the minimum recommended levels
of 60 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity;
above 60 min/week does not show appreciable change in
depressive symptoms.
a. True b. False